<s>
The	O
grating	B-General_Concept
light	I-General_Concept
valve	I-General_Concept
(	O
GLV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
micro	O
projection	O
"	O
technology	O
which	O
operates	O
using	O
a	O
dynamically	O
adjustable	O
diffraction	O
grating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
competes	O
with	O
other	O
light	O
valve	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
Digital	B-General_Concept
Light	I-General_Concept
Processing	I-General_Concept
(	O
DLP	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
liquid	B-Device
crystal	I-Device
on	I-Device
silicon	I-Device
(	O
LCoS	B-Device
)	O
for	O
implementation	O
in	O
video	B-Device
projector	I-Device
devices	O
such	O
as	O
rear-projection	O
televisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
microelectromechanical	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
(	O
MEMS	B-Architecture
)	O
in	O
optical	O
applications	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
optical	O
MEMS	B-Architecture
or	O
micro-opto-electro-mechanical	O
structures	O
(	O
MOEMS	O
)	O
,	O
has	O
enabled	O
the	O
possibility	O
to	O
combine	O
the	O
mechanical	O
,	O
electrical	O
and	O
optical	O
components	O
in	O
very	O
small	O
scale	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Silicon	O
Light	O
Machines	O
(	O
SLM	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
Sunnyvale	O
CA	O
,	O
markets	O
and	O
licenses	O
GLV	O
technology	O
with	O
the	O
capitalised	O
trademarks	O
Grated	O
Light	O
Valve	O
and	O
GLV	O
,	O
previously	O
Grating	B-General_Concept
Light	I-General_Concept
Valve	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
acquisition	O
by	O
Dainippon	O
Screen	O
several	O
marketing	O
articles	O
were	O
published	O
in	O
EETimes	O
,	O
EETimes	O
China	O
,	O
EETimes	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
Electronica	O
Olgi	O
,	O
and	O
Fibre	O
Systems	O
Europe	O
highlighting	O
Cypress	O
Semiconductor	O
new	O
MEMS	B-Architecture
manufacturing	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2000	O
,	O
Sony	O
announced	O
the	O
signing	O
of	O
a	O
technology	O
licensing	O
agreement	O
with	O
SLM	O
for	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
GLV	O
technology	O
in	O
laser	O
projectors	O
for	O
large	O
venues	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
2004	O
Sony	O
announced	O
the	O
SRX-R110	O
front	B-Device
projector	I-Device
using	O
its	O
own	O
LCoS-based	O
technology	O
SXRD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
GLV	O
technology	O
,	O
E&S	O
developed	O
the	O
E&S	O
Laser	O
Projector	B-Device
,	O
designed	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
domes	O
and	O
planetariums	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
E&S	O
Laser	O
Projector	B-Device
was	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
Digistar	O
3	O
dome	O
projection	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GLV	O
device	O
is	O
built	O
on	O
a	O
silicon	B-Architecture
wafer	I-Architecture
and	O
consists	O
of	O
parallel	O
rows	O
of	O
highly	O
reflective	O
micro-ribbons	O
–	O
ribbons	O
of	O
sizes	O
of	O
a	O
few	O
µm	O
with	O
a	O
top	O
layer	O
of	O
aluminium	O
–	O
suspended	O
above	O
an	O
air	O
gap	O
that	O
are	O
configured	O
such	O
that	O
alternate	O
ribbons	O
(	O
active	O
ribbons	O
are	O
interlaced	O
with	O
static	O
ribbons	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
dynamically	O
actuated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ribbons	O
and	O
the	O
substrate	B-Architecture
are	O
electrically	O
conductive	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
deflection	O
of	O
the	O
ribbon	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
in	O
an	O
analog	O
manner	O
:	O
When	O
the	O
voltage	O
of	O
the	O
active	O
ribbons	O
is	O
set	O
to	O
ground	O
potential	O
,	O
all	O
ribbons	O
are	O
undeflected	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
device	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
mirror	O
so	O
the	O
incident	O
light	O
returns	O
along	O
the	O
same	O
path	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
voltage	O
is	O
applied	O
between	O
the	O
ribbon	O
and	O
base	O
conductor	O
an	O
electrical	O
field	O
is	O
generated	O
and	O
deflects	O
the	O
active	O
ribbon	O
downward	O
toward	O
the	O
substrate	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
this	O
spatial	O
frequency	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
photolithographic	O
mask	O
used	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
GLV	O
device	O
in	O
the	O
CMOS	B-Device
fabrication	O
process	O
,	O
the	O
departure	O
angles	O
can	O
be	O
very	O
accurately	O
controlled	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
optical	O
switching	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Switching	O
from	O
undeflected	O
to	O
maximum	O
ribbon	O
deflection	O
can	O
occur	O
in	O
20	O
nanoseconds	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
million	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
conventional	O
LCD	B-Device
display	I-Device
devices	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
1000	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
TI	O
’s	O
DMD	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
,	O
the	O
light	O
can	O
be	O
diffracted	O
by	O
the	O
GLV	O
device	O
into	O
an	O
eyepiece	O
for	O
virtual	B-General_Concept
retinal	I-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
into	O
an	O
optical	O
system	O
for	O
image	O
projection	O
onto	O
a	O
screen	O
(	O
projector	B-Device
and	O
rear-projector	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
