<s>
The	O
graphics	B-General_Concept
address	I-General_Concept
remapping	I-General_Concept
table	I-General_Concept
(	O
GART	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
graphics	B-General_Concept
aperture	I-General_Concept
remapping	I-General_Concept
table	I-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
graphics	B-General_Concept
translation	I-General_Concept
table	I-General_Concept
(	O
GTT	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
)	O
used	O
by	O
Accelerated	B-Architecture
Graphics	I-Architecture
Port	I-Architecture
(	O
AGP	O
)	O
and	O
PCI	O
Express	O
(	O
PCIe	O
)	O
graphics	B-Device
cards	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GART	O
allows	O
the	O
graphics	B-Device
card	I-Device
direct	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
(	O
DMA	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
host	O
system	O
memory	O
,	O
through	O
which	O
buffers	O
of	O
textures	O
,	O
polygon	B-Algorithm
meshes	I-Algorithm
and	O
other	O
data	O
are	O
loaded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMD	O
later	O
reused	O
the	O
same	O
mechanism	O
for	O
I/O	B-Protocol
virtualization	I-Protocol
with	O
other	O
peripherals	O
including	O
disk	B-General_Concept
controllers	I-General_Concept
and	O
network	B-Protocol
adapters	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
paging/swapping	O
)	O
of	O
textures	O
,	O
polygon	B-Algorithm
meshes	I-Algorithm
and	O
other	O
data	O
are	O
loaded	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
video	O
memory	O
available	O
for	O
systems	O
with	O
only	O
integrated	O
or	O
shared	O
graphics	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
no	O
discrete	O
or	O
inbuilt	O
graphics	O
processor	O
)	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Intel	B-Application
HD	I-Application
Graphics	I-Application
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jeff	O
Hartmann	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
maintainer	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
's	O
agpgart	B-General_Concept
driver	O
,	O
which	O
began	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Brian	O
Paul	O
's	O
Utah	B-Language
GLX	I-Language
accelerated	O
Mesa	B-Application
3D	I-Application
driver	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developers	O
primarily	O
targeted	O
Linux	O
2.4.x	O
kernels	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
made	O
patches	O
available	O
against	O
older	O
2.2.x	O
kernels	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dave	O
Jones	O
heavily	O
reworked	O
agpgart	B-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
Linux	O
2.6.x	O
kernels	B-Operating_System
,	O
along	O
with	O
more	O
contributions	O
from	O
Jeff	O
Hartmann	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
agpgart	B-General_Concept
driver	O
appeared	O
in	O
its	O
4.1	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AGPgart	B-General_Concept
support	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
Solaris	O
Express	O
Developer	O
Edition	O
as	O
of	O
its	O
7/05	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
