<s>
GRaphic	O
Animation	O
System	O
for	O
Professionals	O
(	O
GRASP	B-Application
)	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
multimedia	O
animation	O
program	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
family	O
of	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
conceived	O
by	O
Doug	O
Wolfgram	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
FlashGun	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
public	O
version	O
of	O
GRASP	B-Application
was	O
the	O
Graphical	O
System	O
for	O
Presentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wolfgram	O
saw	O
the	O
growing	O
demand	O
for	O
multimedia	O
so	O
he	O
brought	O
in	O
John	O
Bridges	O
,	O
with	O
whom	O
he	O
had	O
co-developed	O
PCPaint	B-Application
for	O
Mouse	O
Systems	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Together	O
they	O
co-developed	O
the	O
early	O
versions	O
of	O
GRASP	B-Application
for	O
Wolfgram	O
's	O
company	O
,	O
Microtex	O
Industries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1987	O
,	O
GRASP	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
distributed	O
as	O
ShareWare	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1988	O
,	O
GRASP	B-Application
3.0	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
followed	O
in	O
October	O
1988	O
by	O
GRASP	B-Application
3.5	O
,	O
bundled	O
with	O
Pictor	B-Application
Paint	I-Application
,	O
an	O
improved	O
PCPaint	B-Application
minus	O
publishing	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GRASP	B-Application
3.5	O
"[supported]	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
video	O
formats	O
,	O
including	O
CGA	O
,	O
EGA	O
,	O
Hercules	O
,	O
VGA	O
and	O
all	O
popular	O
enhanced	O
VGA	O
modes	O
up	O
to	O
800	O
x	O
600	O
pixels	O
and	O
1,024	O
x	O
768	O
pixels	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Award-winning	O
animator	O
Tom	O
Guthery	O
claims	O
that	O
by	O
using	O
GRASP	B-Application
in	O
1990	O
his	O
early	O
animated	O
computer	O
programs	O
"[gave]	O
smooth	O
movement	O
and	O
detailed	O
animation	O
to	O
a	O
degree	O
that	O
many	O
programmers	O
had	O
thought	O
impossible	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
1991	O
GRASP	B-Application
4.0	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
create	O
"	O
self-executing	O
"	O
demos	O
(	O
bind	O
to	O
make	O
EXE	O
added	O
)	O
,	O
AutoDesk	O
FLI/FLC	O
support	O
,	O
PC	O
Speaker	O
Digitized	O
Sound	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
robust	O
programming	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
that	O
year	O
HRFE	O
(	O
High	O
Res	O
Flic	O
Enhancement	O
)	O
was	O
offered	O
as	O
an	O
add-on	O
for	O
GRASP	B-Application
,	O
"[enabling]	O
GRASP	B-Application
to	O
recognize	O
,	O
import	O
,	O
manipulate	O
and	O
compile	O
animations	O
created	O
in	O
Autodesk	B-Application
Animator	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
environment.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
published	O
paper	O
critiquing	O
GRASP	B-Application
4.0	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
Stuart	O
White	O
and	O
John	O
Lenarcic	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
The	O
GRASP	B-Application
language	O
offers	O
creative	O
freedom	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
interactive	O
multimedia	O
presentations	O
,	O
especially	O
to	O
seasoned	O
programmers	O
with	O
an	O
artistic	O
inclination.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
stripped-down	O
version	O
of	O
GRASP	B-Application
4.0	O
was	O
also	O
included	O
with	O
copies	O
of	O
Philip	O
Shaddock	O
's	O
Multimedia	O
Creations	O
:	O
Hands-On	O
Workshop	O
for	O
Exploring	O
Animation	O
and	O
Sound	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
1993	O
,	O
Multi-Media	O
GRASP	B-Application
1.0	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
MMGRASP	O
and	O
MultiMedia	O
GRaphic	O
Animation	O
System	O
for	O
Professionals	O
Version	O
5.0	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
with	O
TrueColor	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
in	O
1990	O
Doug	O
Wolfgram	O
sold	O
his	O
remaining	O
rights	O
to	O
GRASP	B-Application
(	O
and	O
PCPaint	B-Application
)	O
to	O
John	O
Bridges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
GRASP	B-Application
development	O
stopped	O
when	O
John	O
Bridges	O
terminated	O
his	O
publishing	O
contract	O
with	O
Paul	O
Mace	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
John	O
created	O
GLPro	O
for	O
IMS	O
Communications	O
Ltd	O
,	O
the	O
newest	O
incarnation	O
of	O
John	O
's	O
ideas	O
behind	O
GRASP	B-Application
updated	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
John	O
Bridges	O
created	O
AfterGRASP	O
,	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
GRASP	B-Application
and	O
GLPro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GLPro	O
was	O
a	O
multimedia	O
authoring	O
application	O
for	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GLPro	O
is	O
a	O
contraction	O
of	O
Graphics	O
Language	O
Professional	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
John	O
Bridges	O
as	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
GRASP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Application
support	O
in	O
GLPro	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
competing	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
Macromedia	B-Operating_System
Director	I-Operating_System
,	O
GLPro	O
took	O
a	O
very	O
minimalist	O
approach	O
,	O
providing	O
an	O
extensive	O
scripting	O
language	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
tools	O
within	O
a	O
Graphical	O
User	O
Interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Everything	O
was	O
accomplished	O
by	O
writing	O
code	O
using	O
its	O
BASIC-like	O
syntax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
scripting	O
language	O
was	O
not	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
specialised	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
this	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
enthusiastically	O
received	O
by	O
numbers	O
of	O
users	O
,	O
many	O
dating	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
early	O
GRASP	B-Application
under	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
unusual	O
design	O
philosophy	O
behind	O
GLPro	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
rely	O
on	O
external	O
OS	O
services	O
to	O
handle	O
many	O
media	O
types	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
MP3	B-Application
audio	I-Application
,	O
MPEG	O
video	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GLPro	O
was	O
moved	O
into	O
a	O
separate	O
company	O
,	O
GMedia	O
,	O
in	O
early	O
2000	O
,	O
which	O
closed	O
their	O
doors	O
in	O
February	O
2001	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
native	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
Linux	B-Application
support	O
was	O
entering	O
public	O
beta	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
