<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
VM	I-Language
and	O
JDK	B-Language
based	O
on	O
HotSpot/OpenJDK	O
,	O
implemented	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
additional	O
programming	O
languages	O
and	O
execution	O
modes	O
,	O
like	O
ahead-of-time	B-Application
compilation	I-Application
of	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
for	O
fast	O
startup	O
and	O
low	O
memory	O
footprint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
production-ready	O
version	O
,	O
GraalVM	B-Language
19.0	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
May	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
recent	O
version	O
is	O
GraalVM	B-Language
22.1.0	O
,	O
made	O
available	O
in	O
April	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
differentiators	O
of	O
GraalVM	B-Language
compared	O
to	O
the	O
base	O
JDK	B-Language
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
reduce	O
the	O
startup	O
time	O
of	O
JVM-based	O
applications	O
by	O
compiling	O
them	O
ahead-of-time	B-Application
with	O
GraalVM	B-Language
Native	O
Image	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
enable	O
GraalVM	B-Language
integration	O
into	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Database	O
,	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
,	O
Node.js	B-Language
,	O
Android/iOS	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
support	O
similar	O
custom	O
embeddings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
include	O
an	O
easily	O
extended	O
set	O
of	O
"	O
polyglot	O
programming	B-Application
tools	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
has	O
its	O
roots	O
in	O
the	O
Maxine	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
project	O
at	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
Laboratories	O
(	O
now	O
Oracle	B-Application
Labs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
in	O
Java	B-Language
itself	O
,	O
hoping	O
to	O
free	O
the	O
development	O
from	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
developing	O
in	O
C++	O
,	O
particularly	O
manual	O
memory	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
benefit	O
from	O
meta-circular	B-Application
optimizations	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
realizing	O
that	O
writing	O
everything	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
was	O
too	O
ambitious	O
as	O
a	O
first	O
step	O
,	O
the	O
decision	O
was	O
taken	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
compiler	O
only	O
and	O
hook	O
it	O
into	O
Hotspot	B-Language
,	O
to	O
reuse	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
possible	O
the	O
Hotspot	B-Language
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GraalVM	B-Language
compiler	O
was	O
started	O
by	O
manually	O
converting	B-Language
the	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
Hotspot	B-Language
client	O
compiler	O
(	O
named	O
"	O
C1	O
"	O
)	O
into	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
previous	O
Maxine	O
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graal	B-Language
was	O
included	O
in	O
HotSpot-based	O
Java	B-Language
VM	I-Language
releases	O
like	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
from	O
Java	B-Language
9	O
through	O
15	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
support	O
experimental	O
ahead-of-time	B-Application
compilation	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
16	O
as	O
maintaining	O
both	O
the	O
version	O
in	O
the	O
JDK	B-Language
and	O
the	O
standalone	O
GraalVM	B-Language
release	O
caused	O
duplicate	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
similar	O
functionality	O
to	O
create	O
native	O
executables	O
from	O
Java	B-Language
projects	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
native-image	O
tool	O
of	O
standalone	O
GraalVM	B-Language
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
is	O
available	O
as	O
Community	O
Edition	O
for	O
an	O
open-source	O
license	O
and	O
as	O
Oracle	B-Application
GraalVM	B-Language
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
accessible	O
by	O
accepting	O
the	O
"	O
OTN	O
License	O
Agreement	O
Oracle	B-Application
GraalVM	B-Language
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
Including	O
License	O
for	O
Early	O
Adopter	O
Versions	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
announced	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
GraalVM	B-Language
Enterprise	O
Edition	O
on	O
8	O
May	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
can	O
substitute	O
a	O
default	O
JDK	B-Language
on	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
platforms	O
on	O
x86	O
64-bit	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
22.1.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
April	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
22.0.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
20.3.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
marked	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
LTS	O
enterprise	O
version	O
of	O
GraalVM	B-Language
and	O
as	O
the	O
final	O
release	O
for	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
supports	O
code	O
sharing	O
in	O
the	O
GraalVM	B-Language
LLVM	B-Application
runtime	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
AST	O
and	O
compiled	O
code	O
of	O
common	O
bitcode	O
libraries	O
to	O
be	O
shared	O
between	O
multiple	O
contexts	O
within	O
a	O
single	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
20.1.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
May	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JavaScript	O
engine	O
supports	O
all	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
2020	O
mode	O
features	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
engine	O
(	O
TRegex	O
)	O
used	O
by	O
JavaScript	O
and	O
Python	B-Language
supports	O
all	O
expressions	O
now	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ruby	B-Language
(	O
TruffleRuby	O
)	O
improved	O
in	O
compatibility	O
with	O
native	O
gems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
20.0.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
February	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
support	O
on	O
Windows	O
is	O
currently	O
under	O
development	O
and	O
released	O
as	O
an	O
early	O
adopter	O
functionality	O
in	O
GraalVM	B-Language
19.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
19.0	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
JDK	B-Language
version	O
8u212	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GraalVM	B-Language
compiler	O
is	O
shipped	O
with	O
the	O
components	O
of	O
a	O
normal	O
Java	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
machine	I-Language
(	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
components	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
GraalVM	B-Language
to	O
support	O
new	O
execution	O
modes	O
(	O
GraalVM	B-Language
Native	O
Image	O
)	O
or	O
programming	O
languages	O
(	O
LLVM	B-Application
runtime	O
,	O
GraalVM	B-Language
JavaScript	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
replacement	O
to	O
the	O
deprecated	O
Nashorn	B-Language
engine	O
,	O
TRegex	O
as	O
a	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
engine	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GraalVM	B-Language
Compiler	O
is	O
a	O
modern	O
Java	B-Language
just-in-time	O
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
complements	O
or	O
replaces	O
the	O
existing	O
compilers	O
(	O
C1/C2	O
in	O
HotSpot	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
those	O
existing	O
compilers	O
,	O
the	O
GraalVM	B-Language
compiler	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
modular	O
,	O
maintainable	O
and	O
extendable	O
fashion	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
released	O
under	O
GPL	B-License
version	I-License
2	I-License
with	O
the	O
classpath	O
exception	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
Native	O
Image	O
is	O
an	O
ahead-of-time	B-Application
compilation	I-Application
technology	O
that	O
produces	O
executable	O
binaries	O
of	O
class	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
functionality	O
supports	O
JVM-based	O
languages	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
optionally	O
execute	O
dynamic	O
languages	O
,	O
developed	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
GraalVM	B-Language
with	O
Truffle	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
executable	O
file	O
does	O
not	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
JVM	B-Language
and	O
uses	O
necessary	O
runtime	O
components	O
as	O
thread	O
scheduling	O
or	O
GC	O
from	O
“	O
Substrate	O
VM	O
”	O
–	O
a	O
trivial	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
virtual	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
resulting	O
native	O
binary	O
includes	O
application	O
classes	O
,	O
JDK	B-Language
dependencies	O
and	O
libraries	O
already	O
,	O
the	O
startup	O
and	O
execution	O
time	O
reduces	O
significantly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
Native	O
Image	O
is	O
officially	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
Fn	O
,	O
Gluon	O
,	O
Helidon	O
,	O
Micronaut	B-Application
,	O
Picocli	O
,	O
Quarkus	B-Language
,	O
Vert.x	B-Language
and	O
Spring	O
Boot	O
Java	B-Language
frameworks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
detailed	O
plans	O
to	O
add	O
ahead-of-time	B-Application
compilation	I-Application
to	O
the	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
using	O
the	O
GraalVM	B-Language
compiler	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
proposal	O
,	O
tracked	O
by	O
the	O
JEP	B-Language
295	O
:	O
Ahead-of-Time	B-Application
Compilation	I-Application
,	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
experimental	O
use	O
of	O
GraalVM	B-Language
as	O
a	O
just-in-time	O
compiler	O
was	O
added	O
for	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
x86-64	B-Device
platform	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
10	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
JDK	B-Language
releases	O
9	O
to	O
15	O
,	O
the	O
command	O
creates	O
a	O
Native	O
Image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
experimental	O
flag	O
enables	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Graal	B-Language
JIT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
functionality	O
is	O
since	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
native-image	O
component	O
of	O
standalone	O
GraalVM	B-Language
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
association	O
with	O
GraalVM	B-Language
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
Labs	O
developed	O
a	O
language	O
abstract	B-Data_Structure
syntax	I-Data_Structure
tree	I-Data_Structure
interpreter	O
called	O
"	O
Truffle	O
"	O
which	O
would	O
allow	O
it	O
to	O
implement	O
languages	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
GraalVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
languages	O
have	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
Truffle	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
C	B-Language
interpreter	O
claiming	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
GCC	B-Application
and	O
Clang	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Truffle	O
framework	O
and	O
its	O
dependent	O
part	O
,	O
GraalVM	B-Language
SDK	O
,	O
are	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
Universal	O
Permissive	O
License	O
,	O
version	O
1.0	O
,	O
to	O
encourage	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
framework	O
for	O
projects	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
be	O
bound	O
by	O
the	O
copyright	O
or	O
other	O
parent	O
rights	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
major	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
GraalVM	B-Language
ecosystem	O
is	O
language-agnostic	O
,	O
fully	O
dynamic	O
instrumentation	B-Application
support	O
built-in	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
VM	O
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Execution	O
events	O
can	O
be	O
captured	O
by	O
API	B-General_Concept
clients	O
with	O
overhead	O
that	O
is	O
extremely	O
low	O
in	O
fully	O
optimized	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
GraalVM	B-Language
installation	O
provides	O
a	O
language-agnostic	O
debugger	O
,	O
profiler	O
,	O
heap	O
viewer	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
based	O
on	O
instrumentation	B-Application
and	O
other	O
VM	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
also	O
includes	O
a	O
backend	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Chrome	O
Inspector	O
remote	O
debugging	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
designed	O
originally	O
for	O
JavaScript	O
debugging	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
debug	O
all	O
GraalVM	B-Language
languages	O
from	O
a	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GraalVM	B-Language
is	O
written	O
in	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
ecosystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
execute	O
applications	O
written	O
in	O
all	O
languages	O
that	O
compile	O
to	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
bytecode	I-Language
format	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
,	O
Scala	B-Application
,	O
Kotlin	B-Language
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
Truffle	O
Language	O
Implementation	O
framework	O
additional	O
languages	O
can	O
be	O
supported	O
in	O
GraalVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
additional	O
languages	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
by	O
users	O
of	O
GraalVM	B-Language
.	O
</s>
