<s>
gpart	B-Application
is	O
a	O
software	O
utility	O
which	O
scans	O
a	O
storage	B-General_Concept
device	I-General_Concept
,	O
examining	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
detect	O
partitions	B-Application
which	O
may	O
exist	O
but	O
are	O
absent	O
from	O
the	O
disk	O
's	O
partition	B-Application
tables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gpart	B-Application
was	O
written	O
by	O
Michail	O
Brzitwa	O
of	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
gpart	B-Application
tries	O
to	O
guess	O
partitions	B-Application
from	O
any	O
device	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
partitioned	O
,	O
even	O
a	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
primary	O
partition	B-Application
table	O
has	O
been	O
lost	O
,	O
overwritten	O
or	O
destroyed	O
the	O
partitions	B-Application
still	O
exist	O
on	O
the	O
media	O
but	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
cannot	O
access	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
gpart	B-Application
ignores	O
the	O
primary	O
partition	B-Application
table	O
and	O
scans	O
the	O
disk	O
(	O
or	O
disk	O
image	O
file	O
)	O
sector	O
after	O
sector	O
for	O
several	O
filesystem/partition	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
so	O
by	O
"	O
asking	O
"	O
filesystem	B-Application
recognition	O
modules	O
if	O
they	O
think	O
a	O
given	O
sequence	O
of	O
sectors	O
resembles	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
a	O
filesystem	B-Application
or	O
partition	B-Application
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
modules	O
can	O
be	O
written	O
for	O
future	O
filesystems	B-Application
and	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
recovering	O
partitions	B-Application
is	O
needed	O
that	O
are	O
damaged	O
on	O
the	O
only	O
bootable	O
disk	O
in	O
a	O
machine	O
,	O
a	O
live	O
CD	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
such	O
as	O
knoppix	O
to	O
start	O
the	O
machine	O
and	O
use	O
the	O
utilities	O
from	O
the	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
good	O
at	O
finding	O
and	O
listing	O
the	O
types	O
,	O
locations	O
,	O
and	O
sizes	O
of	O
inadvertently-deleted	O
partitions	B-Application
,	O
both	O
primary	O
and	O
logical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
gives	O
you	O
the	O
information	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
manually	O
re-create	O
them	O
(	O
using	O
fdisk	B-Application
,	O
cfdisk	B-Application
,	O
sfdisk	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
guessed	O
partition	B-Application
table	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
written	O
to	O
a	O
file	O
or	O
(	O
if	O
you	O
firmly	O
believe	O
the	O
guessed	O
table	O
is	O
entirely	O
correct	O
)	O
directly	O
to	O
a	O
disk	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
some	O
badly	O
damaged	O
devices	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
idea	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
utility	O
such	O
as	O
ddrescue	B-Language
to	O
make	O
a	O
backup	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
when	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
use	O
gpart	B-Application
to	O
guess	O
the	O
partitions	B-Application
on	O
the	O
copy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
You	O
may	O
find	O
that	O
when	O
using	O
ddrescue	B-Language
you	O
get	O
read	O
errors	O
because	O
the	O
device	O
is	O
damaged	O
but	O
if	O
you	O
can	O
get	O
the	O
partitions	B-Application
readable	O
with	O
your	O
copy	O
then	O
you	O
can	O
try	O
using	O
Mount	O
(	O
Unix	O
)	O
and	O
retrieve	O
the	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
copy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
will	O
mount	O
the	O
partition	B-Application
at	O
offset	O
<part offset>	O
on	O
/mnt/loop	O
so	O
you	O
can	O
recover	O
your	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
get	O
the	O
partition	B-Application
offset	O
you	O
can	O
use	O
either	O
fdisk	B-Application
-ul	O
/path/to/imagefile	O
or	O
use	O
the	O
output	O
from	O
gpart	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
sample	O
output	O
from	O
a	O
scan	O
of	O
an	O
8GB	O
flash	O
memory	O
stick	O
with	O
two	O
partitions	B-Application
,	O
one	O
FAT16B	B-Application
2GB	O
partition	B-Application
and	O
one	O
xfs	B-Application
6GB	O
partition	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Checking	O
partitions	B-Application
...	O
</s>
<s>
Guessed	O
primary	O
partition	B-Application
table	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
(	O
guessable	O
)	O
filesystem	B-Application
or	O
partition	B-Application
types	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
BeOS	O
filesystem	B-Application
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD/NetBSD/386BSD	O
disklabel	O
sub-partitioning	O
scheme	O
used	O
on	O
Intel	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
OS/2	O
High	O
Performance	O
filesystem	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	O
ext2	O
(	O
second	O
extended	O
filesystem	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	O
swap	O
partitions	B-Application
(	O
versions	O
0	O
and	O
1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Minix	O
operating	O
system	O
filesystem	B-Application
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DOS	O
FAT12/FAT16/FAT32	O
filesystems	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
MS	O
Windows	O
NT/2000	O
filesystem	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Reiser	O
filesystem	B-Application
(	O
version	O
3.5.X	O
,	O
X	O
>	O
11	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
 '	O
journaling	B-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
for	O
Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
Solaris	O
on	O
Intel	O
platforms	O
uses	O
a	O
sub-partitioning	O
scheme	O
on	O
PC	O
hard	O
disks	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
BSD	O
disklabels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
QNX	O
4.x	O
filesystem	B-Application
.	O
</s>
