<s>
Google	B-Application
Image	I-Application
Labeler	I-Application
is	O
a	O
feature	B-Architecture
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
game	B-Application
,	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Images	I-Application
that	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
label	O
random	O
images	O
to	O
help	O
improve	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
image	O
search	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Luis	O
von	O
Ahn	O
developed	O
the	O
ESP	O
Game	B-Application
,	O
a	O
game	B-Application
in	O
which	O
two	O
people	O
were	O
simultaneously	O
given	O
an	O
image	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
way	O
to	O
communicate	O
,	O
other	O
than	O
knowing	O
the	O
matching	O
label	O
for	O
each	O
picture	O
or	O
the	O
pass	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ESP	O
Game	B-Application
had	O
been	O
licensed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Image	O
Labeler	O
and	O
launched	O
this	O
service	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
beta	O
on	O
August	O
31	O
,	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Players	O
noticed	O
various	O
subtle	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
game	B-Application
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
"	O
congenita	O
abuse	O
"	O
started	O
(	O
see	O
below	O
)	O
the	O
player	O
could	O
see	O
if	O
their	O
partner	O
was	O
using	O
those	O
terms	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
game	B-Application
was	O
underway	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	B-Application
was	O
changed	O
so	O
that	O
only	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
game	B-Application
could	O
a	O
player	O
click	O
"	O
see	O
partner	O
's	O
guesses	O
"	O
and	O
learn	O
what	O
they	O
had	O
typed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Congenita	O
abuse	O
"	O
was	O
finally	O
stopped	O
by	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
game	B-Application
in	O
February	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
May	O
2007	O
,	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
fundamental	O
and	O
substantial	O
changes	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
game	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
7	O
,	O
2007	O
another	O
change	O
was	O
made	O
:	O
instead	O
of	O
simply	O
showing	O
the	O
point	O
values	O
of	O
each	O
match	O
as	O
the	O
match	O
occurs	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
each	O
match	O
was	O
shown	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
matching	O
word	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
game	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
new	O
version	O
,	O
players	O
saw	O
only	O
the	O
image	O
they	O
were	O
labeling	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
the	O
old	O
version	O
the	O
images	O
were	O
collected	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
as	O
the	O
game	B-Application
was	O
being	O
played	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2011	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
would	O
discontinue	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
its	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
Google	B-Application
Image	I-Application
Labeler	I-Application
,	O
Aardvark	O
,	O
Desktop	O
,	O
Fast	O
Flip	O
,	O
and	O
Google	B-Application
Pack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	B-Application
ended	O
on	O
September	O
16	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
discontent	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
game	B-Application
survives	O
as	O
an	O
art	O
annotation	O
game	B-Application
in	O
ARTigo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
relaunched	O
Image	O
Labeler	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
service	O
is	O
less	O
like	O
a	O
game	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
was	O
randomly	O
paired	O
with	O
a	O
partner	O
who	O
was	O
online	O
and	O
using	O
the	O
feature	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
could	O
be	O
registered	O
players	O
who	O
accumulated	O
a	O
total	O
score	O
over	O
all	O
games	O
played	O
,	O
or	O
guests	O
who	O
played	O
for	O
one	O
game	B-Application
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
game	B-Application
,	O
the	O
rules	O
ran	O
as	O
the	O
follows	O
:	O
Over	O
a	O
two-minute	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
and	O
their	O
partner	O
were	O
shown	O
the	O
same	O
set	O
of	O
images	O
and	O
asked	O
to	O
provide	O
as	O
many	O
labels	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
describe	O
each	O
image	O
they	O
saw	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
no	O
screening	O
for	O
correctness	O
,	O
so	O
if	O
both	O
players	O
typed	O
"	O
Jupiter	O
"	O
for	O
an	O
image	O
of	O
Saturn	B-Device
,	O
they	O
would	O
presumably	O
both	O
get	O
140	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
players	O
thought	O
that	O
the	O
game	B-Application
staggered	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
images	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
sometimes	O
it	O
took	O
the	O
first	O
words	O
typed	O
by	O
one	O
player	O
to	O
form	O
an	O
"	O
off	O
limits	O
"	O
list	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
player	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
120-second	O
time	O
expired	O
,	O
the	O
game	B-Application
was	O
over	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
could	O
see	O
the	O
user	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
partner	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
their	O
score	O
for	O
the	O
game	B-Application
(	O
with	O
which	O
both	O
were	O
credited	O
)	O
and	O
their	O
individual	O
cumulative	O
score	O
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
was	O
betting	O
on	O
users	O
 '	O
competitiveness	O
to	O
rack	O
up	O
high	O
scores	O
to	O
swell	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
images	O
ranked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	B-Application
's	O
end	O
screen	O
also	O
showed	O
all	O
images	O
presented	O
during	O
the	O
game	B-Application
along	O
with	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
labels	O
guessed	O
by	O
the	O
other	O
player	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	B-Application
was	O
not	O
designed	O
simply	O
for	O
fun	O
;	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
way	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
its	O
keywords	O
were	O
matched	O
to	O
correct	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
matched	O
word	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
help	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
build	O
an	O
accurate	O
database	O
used	O
when	O
using	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Image	O
Search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
human	O
tagging	O
of	O
images	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Images	I-Application
search	O
has	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
relied	O
on	O
the	O
filename	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Image	O
Labeler	O
relied	O
on	O
humans	O
that	O
tag	O
the	O
meaning	O
or	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
its	O
context	O
looking	O
on	O
at	O
where	O
the	O
image	O
was	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
storing	O
more	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
image	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
stores	O
more	O
possible	O
avenues	O
of	O
discovering	O
the	O
image	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Less	O
than	O
a	O
month	O
after	O
the	O
launch	O
,	O
the	O
game	B-Application
began	O
to	O
be	O
abused	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
appeared	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
was	O
getting	O
spammed	O
with	O
words	O
from	O
the	O
following	O
list	O
:	O
abrasives	O
,	O
accretion	O
,	O
bequeathing	O
,	O
carcinoma	O
,	O
congenita	O
,	O
diphosphonate	O
,	O
entrepreneurialism	O
,	O
forbearance	O
,	O
and	O
googley	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
or	O
before	O
February	O
7	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
changed	O
the	O
game	B-Application
to	O
cut	O
down	O
on	O
the	O
abuse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
game	B-Application
revision	O
of	O
March	O
13	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
trigger	O
images	O
"	O
were	O
temporarily	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
case	O
study	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Image	I-Application
Labeler	I-Application
looks	O
at	O
how	O
its	O
assumptions	O
about	O
game	B-Application
play	O
and	O
game	B-Application
mechanics	O
led	O
to	O
mistrust	O
from	O
its	O
players	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
described	O
it	O
as	O
exploitative	O
and	O
deceptive	O
.	O
</s>
