<s>
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
is	O
a	O
service	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
that	O
provides	O
discussion	B-Application
groups	I-Application
for	O
people	O
sharing	O
common	O
interests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Groups	O
service	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
gateway	O
to	O
Usenet	B-Application
newsgroups	I-Application
via	O
a	O
shared	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
became	O
operational	O
in	O
February	O
2001	O
,	O
following	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
acquisition	O
of	O
Deja	O
's	O
Usenet	B-Application
archive	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
allows	O
any	O
user	O
to	O
freely	O
conduct	O
and	O
access	O
threaded	O
discussions	O
,	O
via	O
either	O
a	O
web	O
interface	O
or	O
e-mail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
kind	O
are	O
forums	O
specific	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
,	O
which	O
act	O
more	O
like	O
mailing	O
lists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
kind	O
are	O
Usenet	B-Application
groups	I-Application
,	O
accessible	O
by	O
NNTP	B-Protocol
,	O
for	O
which	O
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
acts	O
as	O
gateway	O
and	O
unofficial	O
archive	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Groups	O
archive	B-Application
of	O
Usenet	B-Application
newsgroup	I-Application
postings	O
dates	O
back	O
to	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Groups	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
users	O
can	O
read	O
and	O
post	O
to	O
Usenet	B-Application
groups	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
accessing	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Usenet	B-Application
groups	I-Application
,	O
registered	O
users	O
can	O
also	O
set	O
up	O
mailing	O
list	O
archives	O
for	O
e-mail	O
lists	O
that	O
are	O
hosted	O
elsewhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Deja	O
News	O
Research	O
Service	O
was	O
an	O
archive	B-Application
of	O
messages	O
posted	O
to	O
Usenet	B-Application
discussion	B-Application
groups	I-Application
,	O
started	O
in	O
March	O
1995	O
by	O
Steve	O
Madere	O
in	O
Austin	O
,	O
Texas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
powerful	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
capabilities	O
won	O
the	O
service	O
acclaim	O
,	O
generated	O
controversy	O
,	O
and	O
significantly	O
changed	O
the	O
perceived	O
nature	O
of	O
online	O
discussion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
archive	B-Application
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
archives	O
of	O
Usenet	B-Application
discussions	O
had	O
been	O
kept	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
medium	O
existed	O
,	O
Deja	O
News	O
offered	O
a	O
novel	O
combination	O
of	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
,	O
provided	O
a	O
simple	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
allowed	O
searches	O
across	O
all	O
archived	O
newsgroups	B-Application
,	O
returned	O
immediate	O
results	O
,	O
and	O
retained	O
messages	O
indefinitely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
search	O
facilities	O
transformed	O
Usenet	B-Application
from	O
a	O
loosely	O
organized	O
and	O
ephemeral	O
communication	O
tool	O
into	O
a	O
valued	O
information	O
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
archive	B-Application
's	O
relative	O
permanence	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
search	O
messages	O
by	O
author	O
,	O
raised	O
concerns	O
about	O
privacy	O
and	O
confirmed	O
often-repeated	O
past	O
admonishments	O
that	O
posters	O
should	O
be	O
cautious	O
in	O
discussing	O
themselves	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Madere	O
was	O
initially	O
reluctant	O
to	O
remove	O
archived	O
material	O
,	O
protests	O
from	O
users	O
and	O
legal	O
pressure	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
"	O
nuking	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
posters	O
to	O
permanently	O
remove	O
their	O
own	O
messages	O
from	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
already	O
supported	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
"	O
X-No-Archive	B-Protocol
"	O
message	O
header	O
,	O
which	O
if	O
present	O
would	O
cause	O
an	O
article	O
to	O
be	O
omitted	O
from	O
the	O
archive	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copyright	O
holders	O
were	O
also	O
allowed	O
to	O
have	O
material	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
archive	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Humphrey	O
Marr	O
of	O
Deja	O
News	O
,	O
copyright	O
actions	O
most	O
frequently	O
came	O
from	O
the	O
Church	B-Application
of	I-Application
Scientology	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
capability	O
to	O
"	O
nuke	O
"	O
postings	O
was	O
kept	O
open	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
but	O
later	O
removed	O
without	O
explanation	O
under	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
tenure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
also	O
mistakenly	O
restored	O
previously	O
"	O
nuked	O
"	O
messages	O
at	O
one	O
point	O
,	O
angering	O
many	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Nukes	O
"	O
that	O
were	O
in	O
effect	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
Google	B-Application
removed	O
the	O
possibility	O
are	O
still	O
honored	O
,	O
however	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
May	O
2014	O
,	O
European	O
users	O
can	O
request	O
to	O
have	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
for	O
their	O
name	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
,	O
including	O
their	O
Usenet	B-Application
archive	B-Application
,	O
delinked	O
under	O
the	B-Application
right	I-Application
to	I-Application
be	I-Application
forgotten	I-Application
law	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
ten	O
most	O
delinked	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
Google	B-Application
does	O
not	O
grant	O
a	O
delinking	O
,	O
Europeans	O
can	O
appeal	O
to	O
their	O
local	O
data	O
protection	O
agencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
My	O
Deja	O
News	O
"	O
offered	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
read	O
Usenet	B-Application
in	O
the	O
traditional	O
chronological	O
,	O
per-group	O
manner	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
post	O
new	O
messages	O
to	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deja	O
Communities	O
were	O
private	O
Internet	B-Application
forums	I-Application
offered	O
primarily	O
to	O
businesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
the	O
site	O
(	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
Deja.com	B-Application
)	O
sharply	O
changed	O
direction	O
and	O
made	O
its	O
primary	O
feature	O
a	O
shopping	O
comparison	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
this	O
transition	O
,	O
which	O
involved	O
relocation	O
of	O
the	O
servers	O
,	O
many	O
older	O
messages	O
in	O
the	O
Usenet	B-Application
archive	B-Application
became	O
unavailable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
late	O
2000	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
in	O
financial	O
distress	O
,	O
sold	O
the	O
shopping	O
service	O
to	O
eBay	B-Application
,	O
who	O
incorporated	O
the	O
technology	O
into	O
their	O
half.com	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2001	O
,	O
the	O
Deja	O
search	B-Application
service	I-Application
was	O
shut	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2001	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
acquired	O
Deja	O
News	O
and	O
its	O
archive	B-Application
,	O
and	O
transitioned	O
its	O
assets	O
to	O
groups.google.com	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
were	O
then	O
able	O
to	O
access	O
these	O
Usenet	B-Application
newsgroups	I-Application
through	O
the	O
new	O
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2001	O
,	O
the	O
archive	B-Application
had	O
been	O
supplemented	O
with	O
other	O
archived	O
messages	O
dating	O
back	O
to	O
May	O
11	O
,	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
early	O
posts	O
from	O
1981	O
–	O
1991	O
were	O
donated	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Western	O
Ontario	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
archives	O
by	O
Henry	O
Spencer	O
from	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
short	O
while	O
later	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
that	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
non-Usenet	O
groups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
AOL	O
discontinued	O
access	O
to	O
Usenet	B-Application
around	O
2005	O
,	O
it	O
recommended	O
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
broke	O
the	O
Groups	O
search	O
functionality	O
and	O
left	O
it	O
nonfunctional	O
for	O
about	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
until	O
a	O
Wired	O
article	O
spurred	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
fix	O
the	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
13	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
Vice	O
Media	O
story	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
do	O
advanced	O
searches	O
across	O
all	O
groups	O
had	O
again	O
become	O
nonfunctional	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
has	O
neither	O
fixed	O
nor	O
acknowledged	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vice	O
and	O
Wired	O
contributors	O
have	O
criticized	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
its	O
unannounced	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
Advanced	O
Search	O
page	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
perform	O
advanced	O
searches	O
across	O
all	O
groups	O
,	O
leaving	O
it	O
nearly	O
impossible	O
to	O
find	O
postings	O
without	O
either	O
knowing	O
keywords	O
from	O
them	O
that	O
are	O
unique	O
across	O
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
 '	O
entire	O
multi-decade	O
archive	B-Application
of	O
posts	O
,	O
or	O
else	O
knowing	O
beforehand	O
which	O
newsgroup(s )	O
they	O
were	O
posted	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
was	O
blocked	O
in	O
Turkey	O
on	O
April	O
10	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
by	O
a	O
court	O
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
The	O
Guardian	O
,	O
the	O
court	O
banned	O
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
following	O
a	O
libel	O
complaint	O
by	O
Adnan	O
Oktar	O
against	O
the	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Groups	I-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
several	O
websites	O
to	O
be	O
blocked	O
by	O
the	O
Turkish	O
government	O
in	O
rapid	O
succession	O
solely	O
for	O
including	O
material	O
that	O
allegedly	O
offended	O
Islam	O
.	O
</s>
