<s>
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
is	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
2008	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
built	O
with	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
components	O
from	O
Apple	B-Language
WebKit	I-Language
and	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versions	O
were	O
later	O
released	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
also	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
default	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
is	O
also	O
the	O
main	O
component	O
of	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
where	O
it	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
platform	O
for	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
source	O
code	O
comes	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
project	O
Chromium	B-Language
,	O
but	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
licensed	O
as	O
proprietary	B-License
freeware	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebKit	B-Language
was	O
the	O
original	O
rendering	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
,	O
but	O
Google	B-Application
eventually	O
forked	B-Application
it	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
Blink	B-Language
engine	O
;	O
all	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
variants	O
except	O
iOS	B-Application
used	O
Blink	B-Language
as	O
of	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
StatCounter	O
estimates	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
67%	O
worldwide	O
browser	B-Application
market	I-Application
share	I-Application
(	O
after	O
peaking	O
at	O
72.38	O
%	O
in	O
November	O
2018	O
)	O
on	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
(	O
PC	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
most	O
used	O
on	O
tablets	O
(	O
having	O
surpassed	O
Safari	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
dominant	O
on	O
smartphones	O
and	O
at	O
65%	O
across	O
all	O
platforms	O
combined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
this	O
success	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
has	O
expanded	O
the	O
"	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
"	O
brand	O
name	O
to	O
other	O
products	O
:	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
Chromecast	B-Device
,	O
Chromebook	B-Operating_System
,	O
Chromebit	B-Protocol
,	O
Chromebox	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Chromebase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
CEO	O
Eric	O
Schmidt	O
opposed	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
an	O
independent	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
for	O
six	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
stated	O
that	O
"	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
was	O
a	O
small	O
company	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
"	O
bruising	O
browser	B-Application
wars	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
co-founders	O
Sergey	O
Brin	O
and	O
Larry	O
Page	O
hired	O
several	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
developers	O
and	O
built	O
a	O
demonstration	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
Schmidt	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
It	O
was	O
so	O
good	O
that	O
it	O
essentially	O
forced	O
me	O
to	O
change	O
my	O
mind.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2004	O
,	O
rumors	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
building	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
first	O
appeared	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
journals	O
and	O
U.S.	O
newspapers	O
stated	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
was	O
hiring	O
former	O
Microsoft	O
web	B-Operating_System
developers	I-Operating_System
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
came	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
1.0	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
surging	O
in	O
popularity	O
and	O
taking	O
market	O
share	O
from	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
which	O
had	O
noted	O
security	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
began	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
spearheaded	O
by	O
Sundar	O
Pichai	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
"	O
largely	O
developed	O
"	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Kitchener	O
office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
announcement	O
was	O
originally	O
scheduled	O
for	O
September	O
3	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
comic	O
by	O
Scott	O
McCloud	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
journalists	O
and	O
bloggers	O
explaining	O
the	O
features	O
within	O
the	O
new	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copies	O
intended	O
for	O
Europe	O
were	O
shipped	O
early	O
and	O
German	O
blogger	O
Philipp	O
Lenssen	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Blogoscoped	O
made	O
a	O
scanned	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
38-page	O
comic	O
available	O
on	O
his	O
website	O
after	O
receiving	O
it	O
on	O
September	O
1	O
,	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
subsequently	O
made	O
the	O
comic	O
available	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
Books	I-Application
,	O
and	O
mentioned	O
it	O
on	O
their	O
official	O
blog	O
along	O
with	O
an	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
early	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
product	O
was	O
named	O
"	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
"	O
as	O
an	O
initial	O
development	O
project	O
code	O
name	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
fast	O
cars	O
and	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
kept	O
the	O
development	O
project	O
name	O
as	O
the	O
final	O
release	O
name	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
cheeky	O
"	O
or	O
ironic	O
moniker	O
,	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
aims	O
was	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
chrome	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
was	O
first	O
publicly	O
released	O
,	O
officially	O
as	O
a	O
beta	O
version	O
,	O
on	O
September	O
2	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
and	O
newer	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
43	O
languages	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
stable	O
"	O
public	O
release	O
on	O
December	O
11	B-Application
,	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
that	O
same	O
day	O
,	O
a	O
CNET	O
news	O
item	O
drew	O
attention	O
to	O
a	O
passage	O
in	O
the	O
Terms	O
of	O
Service	O
statement	O
for	O
the	O
initial	O
beta	O
release	O
,	O
which	O
seemed	O
to	O
grant	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
a	O
license	O
to	O
all	O
content	O
transferred	O
via	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
passage	O
was	O
inherited	O
from	O
the	O
general	O
Google	B-Application
terms	O
of	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
responded	O
to	O
this	O
criticism	O
immediately	O
by	O
stating	O
that	O
the	O
language	O
used	O
was	O
borrowed	O
from	O
other	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
removed	O
this	O
passage	O
from	O
the	O
Terms	O
of	O
Service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
quickly	O
gained	O
about	O
1%	O
usage	B-Application
share	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
initial	O
surge	O
,	O
usage	B-Application
share	I-Application
dropped	O
until	O
it	O
hit	O
a	O
low	O
of	O
0.69	O
%	O
in	O
October	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
then	O
started	O
rising	O
again	O
and	O
by	O
December	O
2008	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
again	O
passed	O
the	O
1%	O
threshold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
January	O
2009	O
,	O
CNET	O
reported	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
planned	O
to	O
release	O
versions	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
for	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
and	O
Linux	B-Application
in	O
the	O
first	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
official	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
developer	O
previews	O
were	O
announced	O
on	O
June	O
4	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
saying	O
they	O
were	O
missing	O
many	O
features	O
and	O
were	O
intended	O
for	O
early	O
feedback	O
rather	O
than	O
general	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2009	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
beta	O
versions	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
for	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
and	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
twelve	O
browsers	B-Application
offered	O
on	O
BrowserChoice.eu	O
to	O
European	O
Economic	O
Area	O
users	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
assembled	O
from	O
25	O
different	O
code	O
libraries	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
third	O
parties	O
such	O
as	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
's	O
Netscape	B-Application
Portable	I-Application
Runtime	I-Application
,	O
Network	B-Protocol
Security	I-Protocol
Services	I-Protocol
,	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
(	O
dropped	O
as	O
of	O
version	O
45	O
)	O
,	O
Skia	B-Application
Graphics	I-Application
Engine	I-Application
,	O
SQLite	B-Language
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
open-source	B-Application
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V8	B-Language
JavaScript	B-Language
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
was	O
considered	O
a	O
sufficiently	O
important	O
project	O
to	O
be	O
split	O
off	O
(	O
as	O
was	O
Adobe/Mozilla	O
'	O
s	O
Tamarin	B-Language
)	O
and	O
handled	O
by	O
a	O
separate	O
team	O
in	O
Denmark	O
coordinated	O
by	O
Lars	O
Bak	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
existing	O
implementations	O
were	O
designed	O
"	O
for	O
small	O
programs	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
performance	O
and	O
interactivity	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
were	O
n't	O
that	O
important	O
"	O
,	O
but	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Gmail	B-Application
"	O
are	O
using	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
to	O
the	O
fullest	O
when	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
DOM	B-General_Concept
manipulations	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
"	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
would	O
significantly	O
benefit	O
from	O
a	O
JavaScript	B-Language
engine	O
that	O
could	O
work	O
faster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
initially	O
used	O
the	O
WebKit	B-Language
rendering	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
to	O
display	O
web	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
they	O
forked	B-Application
the	O
WebCore	B-Language
component	O
to	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
layout	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
Blink	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
WebKit	B-Language
,	O
Blink	B-Language
only	O
uses	O
WebKit	B-Language
's	O
"	O
WebCore	B-Language
"	O
components	O
,	O
while	O
substituting	O
other	O
components	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
its	O
own	O
multi-process	O
architecture	O
,	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
WebKit	B-Language
's	O
native	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
internally	O
tested	O
with	O
unit	O
testing	O
,	O
automated	O
testing	O
of	O
scripted	O
user	O
actions	O
,	O
fuzz	O
testing	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
WebKit	B-Language
's	O
layout	O
tests	O
(	O
99%	O
of	O
which	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
passed	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
against	O
commonly	O
accessed	O
websites	O
inside	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
index	O
within	O
20	O
–	O
30	O
minutes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
created	O
Gears	B-Application
for	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
added	O
features	O
for	O
web	B-Operating_System
developers	I-Operating_System
typically	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
building	O
of	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
including	O
offline	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
phased	O
out	O
Gears	B-Application
as	O
the	O
same	O
functionality	O
became	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
HTML5	B-Application
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2011	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
simplified	O
logo	O
to	O
replace	O
the	O
previous	O
3D	O
logo	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
used	O
since	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
inception	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
designer	O
Steve	O
Rura	O
explained	O
the	O
company	O
reasoning	O
for	O
the	O
change	O
:	O
"	O
Since	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
all	O
about	O
making	O
your	O
web	O
experience	O
as	O
easy	O
and	O
clutter-free	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
we	O
refreshed	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
icon	O
to	O
better	O
represent	O
these	O
sentiments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
simpler	O
icon	O
embodies	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
spiritto	O
make	O
the	O
web	O
quicker	O
,	O
lighter	O
,	O
and	O
easier	O
for	O
all.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
11	B-Application
,	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
product	O
manager	O
,	O
Mike	O
Jazayeri	O
,	O
announced	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
would	O
remove	O
H.264	B-Application
video	I-Application
codec	I-Application
support	O
for	O
its	O
HTML5	B-Application
player	O
,	O
citing	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
bring	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
more	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
currently	O
available	O
open	O
codecs	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
Chromium	B-Language
project	I-Language
,	O
which	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
based	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
this	O
,	O
on	O
November	O
6	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
on	O
Windows	O
which	O
added	O
hardware-accelerated	B-General_Concept
H.264	B-Application
video	O
decoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Cisco	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
open-sourcing	O
its	O
H.264	B-Application
codecs	O
and	O
would	O
cover	O
all	O
fees	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
7	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
launched	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
Beta	I-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
4.0	I-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
many	O
new	O
devices	O
with	O
Android	B-Application
4.1	I-Application
and	O
later	O
preinstalled	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
default	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
for	O
augmented	B-General_Concept
reality	I-General_Concept
and	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
features	O
a	O
minimalistic	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
with	O
its	O
user-interface	B-Application
principles	O
later	O
being	O
implemented	O
into	O
other	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
merging	O
of	O
the	O
address	O
bar	O
and	O
search	O
bar	O
into	O
the	O
omnibox	O
or	O
omnibar	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
also	O
has	O
a	O
reputation	O
for	O
strong	O
browser	B-Application
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
passed	O
both	O
the	O
Acid1	O
and	O
Acid2	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
version	O
4.0	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
has	O
passed	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
Acid3	O
test	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
has	O
very	O
good	O
support	O
for	O
JavaScript/ECMAScript	O
according	O
to	O
Ecma	O
International	O
's	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
standards	O
conformance	O
Test	O
262	O
(	O
version	O
ES5.1	O
May	O
18	O
,	O
2012	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
test	O
reports	O
as	O
the	O
final	O
score	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
tests	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
failed	O
;	O
hence	O
lower	O
scores	O
are	O
better	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
test	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
version	O
37	O
scored	O
10	O
failed/11	O
,	O
578	O
passed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
comparison	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
19	O
scored	O
193	O
failed/11	O
,	O
752	O
passed	O
and	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
9	I-Application
has	O
a	O
score	O
of	O
600+	O
failed	O
,	O
while	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
10	O
has	O
a	O
score	O
of	O
7	O
failed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
official	O
CSS	B-Language
2.1	I-Language
test	O
suite	O
by	O
standardization	O
organization	O
W3C	O
,	O
WebKit	B-Language
,	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
rendering	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
,	O
passes	O
89.75	O
%	O
(	O
89.38	O
%	O
out	O
of	O
99.59	O
%	O
covered	O
)	O
CSS	B-Language
2.1	I-Language
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
HTML5	B-Application
web	O
standards	O
test	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
41	O
scores	O
518	O
out	O
of	O
555	O
points	O
,	O
placing	O
it	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
most	O
popular	O
desktop	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
41	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
scores	O
510	O
out	O
of	O
555	O
points	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
44	O
scores	O
526	O
,	O
only	O
29	O
points	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
maximum	O
score	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
includes	O
back	O
,	O
forward	O
,	O
refresh/cancel	O
and	O
menu	O
buttons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tabs	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
component	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
have	O
been	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
window	O
rather	O
than	O
below	O
the	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
subtle	O
change	O
contrasts	O
with	O
many	O
existing	O
tabbed	O
browsers	B-Application
which	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
windows	O
and	O
contain	O
tabs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tabs	O
,	O
with	O
their	O
state	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
transferred	O
seamlessly	O
between	O
window	O
containers	B-Application
by	O
dragging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
user	O
enters	O
the	O
URL	O
of	O
a	O
site	O
previously	O
searched	O
from	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
allows	O
pressing	O
Tab	O
to	O
search	O
the	O
site	O
again	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
Omnibox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
user	O
starts	O
typing	O
in	O
the	O
Omnibox	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
provides	O
suggestions	O
for	O
previously	O
visited	O
sites	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
URL	O
or	O
in-page	O
text	O
)	O
,	O
popular	O
websites	O
(	O
not	O
necessarily	O
visited	O
before	O
powered	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
Instant	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
popular	O
searches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
will	O
also	O
autocomplete	O
the	O
URLs	O
of	O
sites	O
visited	O
often	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
user	O
types	O
keywords	O
into	O
the	O
Omnibox	O
that	O
do	O
n't	O
match	O
any	O
previously	O
visited	O
websites	O
and	O
presses	O
enter	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
will	O
conduct	O
the	O
search	O
using	O
the	O
default	O
search	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
differentiating	O
features	O
is	O
the	O
New	O
Tab	O
Page	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
replace	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
home	O
page	O
and	O
is	O
displayed	O
when	O
a	O
new	O
tab	O
is	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
this	O
showed	O
thumbnails	O
of	O
the	O
nine	O
most	O
visited	O
websites	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
frequent	O
searches	O
,	O
recent	O
bookmarks	O
,	O
and	O
recently	O
closed	O
tabs	O
;	O
similar	O
to	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
and	O
Firefox	B-Application
with	O
Google	B-Protocol
Toolbar	I-Protocol
,	O
or	O
Opera	B-Application
's	I-Application
Speed	O
Dial	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
2.0	O
,	O
the	O
New	O
Tab	O
Page	O
was	O
updated	O
to	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
hide	O
thumbnails	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
to	O
appear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
features	O
a	O
"	O
Recently	O
closed	O
"	O
bar	O
that	O
shows	O
recently	O
closed	O
tabs	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
tips	O
"	O
section	O
that	O
displays	O
hints	O
and	O
tricks	O
for	O
using	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
3.0	O
,	O
users	O
can	O
install	O
themes	O
to	O
alter	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
free	O
third-party	O
themes	O
are	O
provided	O
in	O
an	O
online	O
gallery	O
,	O
accessible	O
through	O
a	O
"	O
Get	O
themes	O
"	O
button	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
includes	O
a	O
bookmarks	O
submenu	O
that	O
lists	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
bookmarks	O
,	O
provides	O
easy	O
access	O
to	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
Bookmark	O
Manager	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
toggle	O
a	O
bookmarks	O
bar	O
on	O
or	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
2	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
Native	O
Dark	O
Theme	O
for	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
on	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
in	O
2023	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
would	O
be	O
completely	O
revamped	O
,	O
using	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Material	O
You	O
design	O
language	O
,	O
the	O
revamp	O
would	O
include	O
more	O
rounded	O
corners	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
colors	O
being	O
swapped	O
out	O
for	O
a	O
similar	O
dynamic	O
color	O
system	O
introduced	O
in	O
Android	B-Application
12	I-Application
,	O
a	O
revamped	O
address	O
bar	O
,	O
new	O
icons	O
and	O
tabs	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
simplified	O
3	O
dot	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
Google	O
Chrome	O
4.1	O
the	O
application	O
added	O
a	O
built-in	O
translation	O
bar	O
using	O
Google	B-Application
Translate	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
detects	O
a	O
foreign	O
language	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
preferred	O
language	O
set	O
during	O
the	O
installation	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
asks	O
the	O
user	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
to	O
translate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
allows	O
users	O
to	O
synchronize	O
their	O
bookmarks	O
,	O
history	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
settings	O
across	O
all	O
devices	O
with	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
installed	O
by	O
sending	O
and	O
receiving	O
data	O
through	O
a	O
chosen	O
Google	B-Application
Account	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
updates	O
all	O
signed-in	O
instances	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
authenticated	O
either	O
through	O
Google	B-Application
credentials	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
sync	O
passphrase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
web	B-Operating_System
developers	I-Operating_System
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
features	O
an	O
element	O
inspector	O
which	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
the	B-General_Concept
DOM	I-General_Concept
and	O
see	O
what	O
makes	O
up	O
the	O
webpage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
has	O
special	O
URLs	O
that	O
load	O
application-specific	O
pages	O
instead	O
of	O
websites	O
or	O
files	O
on	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
also	O
has	O
a	O
built-in	O
ability	O
to	O
enable	O
experimental	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
desktop	O
edition	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
able	O
to	O
save	O
pages	O
as	O
HTML	B-Language
with	O
assets	O
in	O
a	O
"	O
_files	O
"	O
subfolder	O
,	O
or	O
as	O
unprocessed	O
HTML-only	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
offers	O
an	O
option	O
to	O
save	O
in	O
the	O
MHTML	B-Application
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
allows	O
users	O
to	O
make	O
local	O
desktop	O
shortcuts	O
that	O
open	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
in	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
when	O
opened	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
contains	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
regular	O
interface	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
title	O
bar	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
not	O
to	O
"	O
interrupt	O
anything	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
trying	O
to	O
do	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
to	O
run	O
alongside	O
local	O
software	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
Mozilla	B-Language
Prism	I-Language
and	O
Fluid	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
would	O
be	O
enhanced	O
with	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Store	I-Application
,	O
a	O
one-stop	O
web-based	B-Application
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
directory	O
which	O
opened	O
in	O
December	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
started	O
making	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
apps	O
"	O
For	O
your	O
desktop	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
meant	O
offline	O
access	O
,	O
desktop	O
shortcuts	O
,	O
and	O
less	O
dependence	O
on	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
—	O
apps	O
launch	O
in	O
a	O
window	O
separate	O
from	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
look	O
more	O
like	O
native	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Announced	O
on	O
December	O
7	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Store	I-Application
allows	O
users	O
to	O
install	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
as	O
extensions	B-Protocol
to	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
although	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
extensions	B-Protocol
function	O
simply	O
as	O
links	O
to	O
popular	O
web	O
pages	O
and/or	O
games	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
apps	O
like	O
Springpad	B-Application
do	O
provide	O
extra	O
features	O
like	O
offline	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
themes	O
and	O
extensions	B-Protocol
have	O
also	O
been	O
tightly	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
new	O
store	O
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
search	O
the	O
entire	O
catalog	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
extras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Chrome	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Store	I-Application
was	O
opened	O
on	O
February	O
11	B-Application
,	O
2011	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
9.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Browser	B-Protocol
extensions	I-Protocol
are	O
able	O
to	O
modify	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
's	O
desktop	O
edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
extensions	B-Protocol
are	O
written	O
using	O
web	O
technologies	O
like	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
and	O
CSS	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
distributed	O
through	O
Chrome	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Store	I-Application
,	O
initially	O
known	O
as	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Chrome	B-Operating_System
Extensions	B-Protocol
Gallery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
9	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
enabled	O
extensions	B-Protocol
by	O
default	O
on	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
developer	O
channel	O
,	O
and	O
provided	O
several	O
sample	O
extensions	B-Protocol
for	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Chrome	B-Operating_System
Extensions	B-Protocol
Gallery	O
beta	O
began	O
with	O
approximately	O
300	O
extensions	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
launched	O
on	O
January	O
25	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
Google	O
Chrome	O
4.0	O
,	O
containing	O
approximately	O
1500	O
extensions	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
started	O
preventing	O
some	O
Windows	O
users	O
from	O
installing	O
extensions	B-Protocol
not	O
hosted	O
on	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
year	O
Google	B-Application
reported	O
a	O
"	O
75%	O
drop	O
in	O
customer	O
support	O
help	O
requests	O
for	O
uninstalling	O
unwanted	O
extensions	B-Protocol
"	O
which	O
led	O
them	O
to	O
expand	O
this	O
restriction	O
to	O
all	O
Windows	O
and	O
Mac	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JavaScript	B-Language
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
used	O
by	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
V8	B-Language
JavaScript	I-Language
engine	I-Language
,	O
has	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
dynamic	O
code	O
generation	O
,	O
hidden	O
class	O
transitions	O
,	O
and	O
precise	B-General_Concept
garbage	I-General_Concept
collection	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
several	O
websites	O
performed	O
benchmark	O
tests	O
using	O
the	O
SunSpider	O
JavaScript	B-Language
Benchmark	O
tool	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
own	O
set	O
of	O
computationally	O
intense	O
benchmarks	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
ray	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
and	O
constraint	B-Application
solving	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
unanimously	O
reported	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
performed	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
all	O
competitors	O
against	O
which	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
tested	O
,	O
including	O
Safari	B-Application
(	O
for	O
Windows	O
)	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Language
3.0	I-Language
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
7	I-Application
,	O
Opera	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
{	O
However	O
,	O
on	O
October	O
11	B-Application
,	O
2010	O
,	O
independent	O
tests	O
of	O
JavaScript	B-Language
performance	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
scoring	O
just	O
behind	O
Opera	B-Application
's	I-Application
Presto	B-Application
engine	O
since	O
it	O
was	O
updated	O
in	O
version	O
10.5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
3	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
responded	O
by	O
stating	O
that	O
their	O
own	O
TraceMonkey	O
JavaScript	B-Language
engine	O
(	O
then	O
in	O
beta	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
faster	O
than	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
V8	B-Language
engine	O
in	O
some	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
John	O
Resig	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
's	O
JavaScript	B-Language
evangelist	O
,	O
further	O
commented	O
on	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
different	O
browsers	B-Application
on	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
own	O
suite	O
,	O
commenting	O
on	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
"	O
decimating	O
"	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
browsers	B-Application
,	O
but	O
he	O
questioned	O
whether	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
suite	O
was	O
representative	O
of	O
real	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
stated	O
that	O
Firefox	B-Language
3.0	I-Language
performed	O
poorly	O
on	O
recursion-intensive	O
benchmarks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
because	O
the	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
team	O
had	O
not	O
implemented	O
recursion-tracing	O
yet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
weeks	O
after	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
launch	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
WebKit	B-Language
team	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
JavaScript	B-Language
engine	O
,	O
SquirrelFish	O
Extreme	O
,	O
citing	O
a	O
36%	O
speed	O
improvement	O
over	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
V8	B-Language
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
most	O
major	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
uses	O
DNS	B-Protocol
prefetching	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
website	O
lookups	O
,	O
as	O
do	O
other	O
browsers	B-Application
like	O
Firefox	B-Application
,	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
(	O
called	O
DNS	B-Protocol
Pre-resolution	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
Opera	B-Application
as	O
a	O
UserScript	O
(	O
not	O
built-in	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
formerly	O
used	O
their	O
now-deprecated	O
SPDY	B-Protocol
protocol	O
instead	O
of	O
only	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
when	O
communicating	O
with	O
servers	O
that	O
support	O
it	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
services	O
,	O
Facebook	O
,	O
Twitter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SPDY	B-Protocol
support	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
version	O
51	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
SPDY	B-Protocol
being	O
replaced	O
by	O
HTTP/2	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
standard	O
that	O
was	O
based	O
upon	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
said	O
it	O
was	O
working	O
on	O
several	O
"	O
speed	O
badging	O
"	O
systems	O
that	O
let	O
visitors	O
know	O
why	O
a	O
page	O
is	O
taking	O
time	O
to	O
show	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
date	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
for	O
when	O
the	O
badging	O
system	O
will	O
be	O
included	O
with	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
formerly	O
supported	O
a	O
Data	O
Saver	O
feature	O
for	O
making	O
pages	O
load	O
faster	O
called	O
Lite	O
Mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
engineers	O
Addy	O
Osmani	O
and	O
Scott	O
Little	O
announced	O
Lite	O
Mode	O
would	O
automatically	O
lazy-load	O
images	O
and	O
iframes	O
for	O
faster	O
page	O
loads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lite	O
Mode	O
was	O
switched	O
off	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
100	O
,	O
citing	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
mobile	O
data	O
costs	O
for	O
many	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
periodically	O
retrieves	O
updates	O
of	O
two	O
blacklists	O
(	O
one	O
for	O
phishing	O
and	O
one	O
for	O
malware	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
warns	O
users	O
when	O
they	O
attempt	O
to	O
visit	O
a	O
site	O
flagged	O
as	O
potentially	O
harmful	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
service	O
is	O
also	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
others	O
via	O
a	O
free	O
public	O
API	B-Application
called	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
Safe	I-Application
Browsing	I-Application
API	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
uses	O
a	O
process-allocation	O
model	O
to	O
sandbox	O
tabs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
principle	O
of	O
least	O
privilege	O
,	O
each	O
tab	O
process	O
cannot	O
interact	O
with	O
critical	O
memory	B-Architecture
functions	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	O
memory	B-Architecture
,	O
user	O
files	O
)	O
or	O
other	O
tab	O
processessimilar	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
"	O
Protected	O
Mode	O
"	O
used	O
by	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
9	I-Application
or	O
greater	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sandbox	O
Team	O
is	O
said	O
to	O
have	O
"	O
taken	O
this	O
existing	O
process	O
boundary	O
and	O
made	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
jail	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	B-Application
sandboxing	O
uses	O
the	O
seccomp	B-Application
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2015	O
,	O
TorrentFreak	O
reported	O
that	O
using	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
when	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
internet	O
using	O
a	O
VPN	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
serious	O
security	O
issue	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
's	O
support	O
for	O
WebRTC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
9	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
starting	O
with	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
56	O
,	O
users	O
will	O
be	O
warned	O
when	O
they	O
visit	O
insecure	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
websites	O
to	O
encourage	O
more	O
sites	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
4	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
its	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
71	O
release	O
with	O
new	O
security	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
built-in	O
ad	O
featuring	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
also	O
announced	O
its	O
plan	O
to	O
crack	O
down	O
on	O
websites	O
that	O
make	O
people	O
involuntarily	O
subscribe	O
to	O
mobile	O
subscription	O
plans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
2	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
85	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
extended	O
support	O
for	O
Secure	O
DNS	B-Protocol
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
for	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNS-over-HTTPS	O
(	O
DoH	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
improve	O
safety	O
and	O
privacy	O
while	O
browsing	O
the	O
web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
update	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
automatically	O
switches	O
to	O
DNS-over-HTTPS	O
(	O
DoH	O
)	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
current	O
DNS	B-Protocol
provider	O
supports	O
the	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2008	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
faulted	O
for	O
not	O
including	O
a	O
master	O
password	O
to	O
prevent	O
casual	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
passwords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
developers	O
have	O
indicated	O
that	O
a	O
master	O
password	O
does	O
not	O
provide	O
real	O
security	O
against	O
determined	O
hackers	O
and	O
have	O
refused	O
to	O
implement	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
asks	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
Windows	O
account	O
password	O
before	O
showing	O
saved	O
passwords	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Google	O
Chrome/Chromium	O
can	O
store	O
passwords	O
in	O
three	O
ways	O
:	O
GNOME	B-Application
Keyring	I-Application
,	O
KWallet	B-Language
or	O
plain	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	O
Chrome/Chromium	O
chooses	O
which	O
store	O
to	O
use	O
automatically	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
desktop	O
environment	O
in	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Passwords	O
stored	O
in	O
GNOME	B-Application
Keyring	I-Application
or	O
KWallet	B-Language
are	O
encrypted	O
on	O
disk	O
,	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
them	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
dedicated	O
daemon	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
when	O
either	O
GNOME	B-Application
Keyring	I-Application
or	O
KWallet	B-Language
is	O
in	O
use	O
,	O
any	O
unencrypted	O
passwords	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
stored	O
previously	O
are	O
automatically	O
moved	O
into	O
the	O
encrypted	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
using	O
GNOME	B-Application
Keyring	I-Application
and	O
KWallet	B-Language
was	O
added	O
in	O
version	O
6	O
,	O
but	O
using	O
these	O
(	O
when	O
available	O
)	O
was	O
not	O
made	O
the	O
default	O
mode	O
until	O
version	O
12	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
version	O
45	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Chrome	B-Operating_System
password	O
manager	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
integrated	O
with	O
Keychain	B-Application
,	O
since	O
the	O
interoperability	O
goal	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
security	O
vulnerabilities	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
were	O
exploited	O
in	O
the	O
three	O
years	O
of	O
Pwn2Own	O
from	O
2009	O
to	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Pwn2Own	O
2012	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
defeated	O
by	O
a	O
French	O
team	O
who	O
used	O
zero	O
day	O
exploits	O
in	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
Flash	O
shipped	O
with	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
to	O
take	O
complete	O
control	O
of	O
a	O
fully	O
patched	O
64-bit	B-Device
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
PC	O
using	O
a	O
booby-trapped	O
website	O
that	O
overcame	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
sandboxing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
compromised	O
twice	O
at	O
the	O
2012	O
CanSecWest	O
Pwnium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
official	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
exploits	O
was	O
delivered	O
by	O
Jason	O
Kersey	O
,	O
who	O
congratulated	O
the	O
researchers	O
,	O
noting	O
"	O
We	O
also	O
believe	O
that	O
both	O
submissions	O
are	O
works	O
of	O
art	O
and	O
deserve	O
wider	O
sharing	O
and	O
recognition.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
security	O
vulnerabilities	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
occur	O
in	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
2016	O
Pwn2Own	O
successful	O
attack	O
on	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
relied	O
on	O
four	O
security	O
vulnerabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
of	O
the	O
vulnerabilities	O
were	O
in	O
Flash	O
,	O
one	O
was	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
one	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
Windows	O
kernel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
planning	O
to	O
phase	O
out	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
starting	O
in	O
version	O
53	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
plan	O
is	O
to	O
disable	O
Flash	O
for	O
ads	O
and	O
"	O
background	O
analytics	O
"	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
ultimate	O
goal	O
of	O
disabling	O
it	O
completely	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
,	O
except	O
on	O
specific	O
sites	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
has	O
deemed	O
to	O
be	O
broken	O
without	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Leaked	O
documents	O
published	O
by	O
WikiLeaks	O
,	O
codenamed	O
Vault	O
7	O
and	O
dated	O
from	O
2013	O
to	O
2016	O
,	O
detail	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
CIA	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
compromise	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
(	O
including	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
download	B-Application
scanning	O
protection	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
17	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
an	O
ad	O
blocking	O
feature	O
based	O
on	O
recommendations	O
from	O
the	O
Interactive	O
Advertising	O
Bureau	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
supported	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
version	O
45	O
,	O
plug-ins	B-Application
with	O
the	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Plugin	I-Protocol
Application	I-Protocol
Programming	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
(	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
plug-ins	B-Application
(	O
for	O
example	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
)	O
run	O
as	O
unrestricted	O
separate	O
processes	O
outside	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
and	O
cannot	O
be	O
sandboxed	O
as	O
tabs	O
are	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActiveX	B-Application
is	O
not	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2010	O
,	O
Adobe	O
Flash	O
has	O
been	O
integral	O
to	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
and	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
be	O
installed	O
separately	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
is	O
kept	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
own	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Application
applet	I-Application
support	O
was	O
available	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
with	O
Java	B-Language
6	O
update	O
12	O
and	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
under	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
was	O
provided	O
by	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
Update	O
released	O
on	O
May	O
18	O
,	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
12	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
that	O
is	O
more	O
portable	B-Application
and	O
more	O
secure	O
called	O
Pepper	O
Plugin	B-Application
API	B-Application
(	O
PPAPI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
bundled	O
PPAPI	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
(	O
or	O
Pepper-based	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
)	O
was	O
available	O
on	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
first	O
,	O
then	O
replaced	O
the	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
on	O
Linux	B-Application
from	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
version	O
20	O
,	O
on	O
Windows	O
from	O
version	O
21	O
(	O
which	O
also	O
reduced	O
Flash	O
crashes	O
by	O
20%	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
came	O
to	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
at	O
version	O
23	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
23	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
deprecating	O
and	O
then	O
removing	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NPAPI	B-Protocol
support	O
was	O
removed	O
from	O
Linux	B-Application
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
release	O
35	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NPAPI	B-Protocol
plugins	B-Application
like	O
Java	B-Language
can	O
no	O
longer	O
work	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
(	O
but	O
there	O
are	O
workarounds	O
for	O
Flash	O
by	O
using	O
PPAPI	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
on	O
Linux	B-Application
including	O
for	O
Chromium	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
14	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
v42	O
,	O
disabling	O
the	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
plugins	B-Application
that	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
PPAPI	O
plugin	B-Application
counterpart	O
incompatible	O
with	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
Silverlight	B-Application
and	O
Unity	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
support	O
could	O
be	O
enabled	O
through	O
the	O
chrome://flags	O
menu	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
45	O
on	O
September	O
1	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
that	O
removed	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
support	O
entirely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
private	B-Protocol
browsing	I-Protocol
feature	O
called	O
Incognito	O
mode	O
prevents	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
from	O
locally	O
storing	O
any	O
history	B-Protocol
information	O
,	O
cookies	B-Application
,	O
site	O
data	O
,	O
or	O
form	O
inputs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Downloaded	B-Application
files	O
and	O
bookmarks	O
will	O
be	O
stored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Incognito	O
mode	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
private	B-Protocol
browsing	I-Protocol
feature	O
in	O
other	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
iOS	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
also	O
supports	O
the	O
optional	O
ability	O
to	O
lock	O
incognito	O
tabs	O
with	O
Face	O
ID	O
,	O
Touch	O
ID	O
or	O
the	O
device	O
's	O
passcode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Debian	O
developer	O
community	O
discovered	O
that	O
Chromium	B-Language
43	O
and	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
43	O
were	O
programmed	O
to	O
download	B-Application
the	O
Hotword	O
Shared	O
Module	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
enable	O
the	O
OK	B-Application
Google	I-Application
voice	O
recognition	O
extension	O
,	O
although	O
by	O
default	O
it	O
was	O
"	O
off	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
module	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
45	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
1	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
only	O
present	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
43	O
and	O
44	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
sends	O
details	O
about	O
its	O
users	O
and	O
their	O
activities	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
through	O
both	O
optional	O
and	O
non-optional	O
user	O
tracking	O
mechanisms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
tracking	O
mechanisms	O
can	O
be	O
optionally	O
enabled	O
and	O
disabled	O
through	O
the	O
installation	O
interface	O
and	O
through	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
's	O
options	O
dialog	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unofficial	O
builds	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
SRWare	B-Protocol
Iron	I-Protocol
,	O
seek	O
to	O
remove	O
these	O
features	O
from	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
altogether	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RLZ	O
feature	O
is	O
not	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
Chromium	B-Language
browser	I-Language
either	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
devised	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
to	O
collect	O
installation	O
statistics	O
:	O
the	O
unique	O
ID	O
token	O
included	O
with	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
now	O
used	O
for	O
only	O
the	O
first	O
connection	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
Update	O
makes	O
to	O
its	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
optional	O
suggestion	O
service	O
included	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
because	O
it	O
provides	O
the	O
information	O
typed	O
into	O
the	O
Omnibox	O
to	O
the	O
search	O
provider	O
before	O
the	O
user	O
even	O
hits	O
return	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
the	O
search	O
engine	O
to	O
provide	O
URL	O
suggestions	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
provides	O
them	O
with	O
web	O
use	O
information	O
tied	O
to	O
an	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2019	O
review	O
by	O
Washington	O
Post	O
technology	O
columnist	O
Geoffrey	O
A	O
.	O
Fowler	O
found	O
that	O
in	O
a	O
typical	O
week	O
of	O
browsing	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
allowed	O
thousands	O
of	O
more	O
cookies	B-Application
to	O
be	O
stored	O
than	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fowler	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
advertising	O
businesses	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
privacy	O
controls	O
it	O
offers	O
users	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
is	O
a	O
major	O
producer	O
of	O
third-party	O
cookies	B-Application
and	O
has	O
a	O
financial	O
interest	O
in	O
collecting	O
user	O
data	O
;	O
he	O
recommended	O
switching	O
to	O
Firefox	B-Application
,	O
Apple	B-Application
Safari	I-Application
,	O
or	O
Chromium-based	O
Brave	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
Alphabet	O
stated	O
it	O
was	O
making	O
progress	O
on	O
developing	O
privacy-friendly	O
alternatives	O
which	O
would	O
replace	O
third-party	O
cookies	B-Application
currently	O
being	O
used	O
by	O
advertisers	O
and	O
companies	O
to	O
track	O
browsing	O
habits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
promised	O
to	O
phase	O
out	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
cookies	B-Application
in	O
their	O
web-browser	B-Application
in	O
2022	O
,	O
implementing	O
their	O
FLoC	B-Operating_System
technology	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
announcement	O
came	O
after	O
scrutiny	O
from	O
both	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
:	O
the	O
U.K.	O
'	O
s	O
Competition	O
and	O
Markets	O
Authority	O
opened	O
a	O
formal	O
probe	O
into	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
claim	O
to	O
end	O
cookie	B-Application
support	O
in	O
January	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
and	O
the	O
antitrust	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
the	O
company	O
in	O
December	O
2020	O
by	O
ten	O
U.S.	O
states	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
future	O
switch	O
to	O
FLoC	B-Operating_System
had	O
drawn	O
criticism	O
from	O
DuckDuckGo	B-Application
,	O
Brave	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Electronic	O
Frontier	O
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
25	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
had	O
killed	O
off	O
development	O
of	O
its	O
FLoC	B-Operating_System
technologies	O
and	O
proposed	O
the	O
new	O
Topics	O
API	B-Application
to	O
replace	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Topics	O
is	O
similarly	O
aimed	O
at	O
removing	O
third-party	O
cookies	B-Application
,	O
using	O
one	O
's	O
weekly	O
web	O
activity	O
to	O
determine	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
five	O
interests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Can	O
be	O
disabled	O
in	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Chrome	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
running	O
in	O
all	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Desktop	O
versions	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
can	O
avoid	O
it	O
by	O
downloading	B-Application
the	O
browser	B-Application
directly	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
versions	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
always	O
send	O
the	O
RLZ	O
identifier	O
on	O
first	O
launch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
first	O
launch	O
and	O
first	O
use	O
of	O
address	O
bar	O
RLZ	O
can	O
be	O
disabled	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
sent	O
on	O
desktop	O
versions	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
if	O
it	O
was	O
downloaded	B-Application
directly	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
RLZ	O
cannot	O
be	O
disabled	O
on	O
mobile	O
versions	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
previously	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
suggest	O
similar	O
pages	O
when	O
a	O
page	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
found	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
Google	B-Application
servers	O
were	O
contacted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
would	O
implement	O
the	O
Do	B-Protocol
Not	I-Protocol
Track	I-Protocol
(	O
DNT	O
)	O
standard	O
to	O
inform	O
websites	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
desire	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
tracked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
W3	O
's	O
draft	O
standard	O
for	O
DNT	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
turned	O
off	O
by	O
default	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
multi-process	O
architecture	O
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
where	O
,	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
a	O
separate	O
process	O
is	O
allocated	O
to	O
each	O
site	O
instance	O
and	O
plugin	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
strategy	O
exacts	O
a	O
fixed	O
per-process	O
cost	O
up	O
front	O
,	O
but	O
results	O
in	O
less	O
memory	B-Architecture
bloat	O
over	O
time	O
as	O
fragmentation	O
is	O
confined	O
to	O
each	O
instance	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
needs	O
further	O
memory	B-Architecture
allocations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
architecture	O
was	O
later	O
adopted	O
in	O
Safari	B-Application
and	O
Firefox	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
includes	O
a	O
process	B-Operating_System
management	I-Operating_System
utility	O
called	O
Task	O
Manager	O
which	O
lets	O
users	O
see	O
what	O
sites	O
and	O
plugins	B-Application
are	O
using	O
the	O
most	O
memory	B-Architecture
,	O
downloading	B-Application
the	O
most	O
bytes	B-Application
and	O
overusing	O
the	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
and	O
provides	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
terminate	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
Version	O
23	O
ensures	O
its	O
users	O
an	O
improved	O
battery	O
life	O
for	O
the	O
systems	O
supporting	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
GPU	O
accelerated	O
video	O
decoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
production	O
release	O
on	O
December	O
11	B-Application
,	O
2008	O
marked	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
Beta	O
test	O
period	O
and	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
production	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
thereafter	O
,	O
on	O
January	O
8	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
an	O
updated	O
release	O
system	O
with	O
three	O
channels	O
:	O
Stable	O
(	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
production	O
)	O
,	O
Beta	O
,	O
and	O
Developer	O
preview	O
(	O
also	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
Dev	O
"	O
channel	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
explained	O
that	O
now	O
the	O
Developer	O
channel	O
builds	O
would	O
be	O
less	O
stable	O
and	O
polished	O
than	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
initial	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
's	O
Beta	O
period	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
[	O
Quoted	O
remarks	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
policy	O
announcements.	O
]	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
22	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
would	O
ramp	O
up	O
the	O
speed	O
at	O
which	O
it	O
releases	O
new	O
stable	O
versions	O
;	O
the	O
release	O
cycles	O
were	O
shortened	O
from	O
quarterly	O
to	O
six	O
weeks	O
for	O
major	O
Stable	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
faster	O
release	O
cycle	O
also	O
brought	O
a	O
fourth	O
channel	O
:	O
the	O
"	O
Canary	O
"	O
channel	O
,	O
updated	O
daily	O
from	O
a	O
build	O
produced	O
at	O
09:00	O
UTC	O
from	O
the	O
most	O
stable	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
40	O
revisions	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
using	O
canaries	O
in	O
coal	O
mines	O
,	O
so	O
if	O
a	O
change	O
"	O
kills	O
"	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
Canary	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
blocked	O
from	O
migrating	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
Developer	O
channel	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
until	O
fixed	O
in	O
a	O
subsequent	O
Canary	O
build	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Canary	O
is	O
"	O
the	O
most	O
bleeding-edge	O
official	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
and	O
somewhat	O
of	O
a	O
mix	O
between	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
dev	O
and	O
the	O
Chromium	B-Language
snapshot	O
builds	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Canary	O
releases	O
run	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
with	O
any	O
other	O
channel	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
installation	O
and	O
can	O
therefore	O
run	O
different	O
synchronization	O
profiles	O
,	O
themes	O
,	O
and	O
browser	B-Application
preferences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
not	O
natively	O
include	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
default	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
although	O
on	O
Windows	O
and	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
it	O
can	O
be	O
set	O
through	O
System	O
Preferences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Canary	O
was	O
Windows-only	O
at	O
first	O
;	O
an	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
version	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
May	O
3	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
beta	O
channel	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
was	O
launched	O
on	O
January	O
10	O
,	O
2013	O
;	O
like	O
Canary	O
,	O
it	O
runs	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
with	O
the	O
stable	O
channel	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
Dev	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
was	O
launched	O
on	O
April	O
29	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
channels	O
are	O
automatically	O
distributed	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
respective	O
release	O
cycles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Windows	O
,	O
it	O
uses	O
Google	B-Application
Update	O
,	O
and	O
auto-update	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
via	O
Group	O
Policy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
users	O
may	O
download	B-Application
a	O
standalone	O
installer	O
of	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
that	O
does	O
not	O
auto-update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
it	O
uses	O
Google	B-Application
Update	O
Service	O
,	O
and	O
auto-update	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
via	O
the	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
"	O
defaults	O
"	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
it	O
lets	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
normal	O
package	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
supply	O
the	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
auto-updating	O
behavior	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
difference	O
from	O
Chromium	B-Language
,	O
the	O
non-branded	O
open-source	B-Application
browser	B-Application
which	O
forms	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
Chromium	B-Language
also	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
pre-release	O
development	B-General_Concept
trunk	I-General_Concept
for	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
its	O
revisions	B-Architecture
are	O
provided	O
as	O
source	O
code	O
and	O
buildable	O
snapshots	O
are	O
produced	O
continuously	O
with	O
each	O
new	O
commit	B-Language
,	O
requiring	O
users	O
to	O
manage	O
their	O
own	O
browser	B-Application
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2021	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
starting	O
with	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
94	O
in	O
the	O
third	O
quarter	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
Stable	O
releases	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
every	O
four	O
weeks	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
six	O
weeks	O
as	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
since	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
new	O
release	O
channel	O
for	O
system	O
administrators	O
and	O
browser	B-Application
embedders	O
with	O
releases	O
every	O
eight	O
weeks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chromium	B-Language
and	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
release	O
schedules	O
are	O
linked	O
through	O
Chromium	B-Language
(	O
Major	O
)	O
version	O
Branch	B-General_Concept
Point	I-General_Concept
dates	O
,	O
published	O
annually	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Branch	O
Points	O
precede	O
the	O
final	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
Developer	O
build	O
(	O
initial	O
)	O
release	O
by	O
4	O
days	O
(	O
nearly	O
always	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
Stable	O
initial	O
release	O
by	O
roughly	O
53	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Example	O
:	O
The	O
version	O
42	O
Branch	B-General_Concept
Point	I-General_Concept
was	O
February	O
20	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Stable	O
release	O
,	O
42.0.2311.90	O
,	O
was	O
April	O
14	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
53	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
Branch	B-General_Concept
Point	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
supports	O
color	O
management	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
system-provided	O
ICC	O
v2	O
and	O
v4	O
support	O
on	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
from	O
version	O
22	O
supports	O
ICC	O
v2	O
profiles	O
by	O
default	O
on	O
other	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
when	O
not	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
an	O
error	O
message	O
displaying	O
"	O
No	O
internet	O
"	O
is	O
shown	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
top	O
,	O
an	O
"	O
8-bit	B-Application
"	O
Tyrannosaurus	O
rex	O
is	O
shown	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
pressing	O
the	O
space	O
bar	O
on	O
a	O
keyboard	O
,	O
mouse-clicking	O
on	O
it	O
or	O
tapping	O
it	O
on	O
touch	O
devices	O
,	O
the	O
T-Rex	O
instantly	O
jumps	O
once	O
and	O
dashes	O
across	O
a	O
cactus-ridden	O
desert	O
,	O
revealing	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
Easter	O
egg	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
platform	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
school	O
Chromebook	B-Operating_System
administrator	O
can	O
disable	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
runs	O
on	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
stable	O
32-bit	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
builds	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
64-bit	B-Device
stable	O
builds	O
available	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
64-bit	B-Device
Windows	O
builds	O
became	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
developer	O
channel	O
and	O
as	O
canary	O
builds	O
on	O
June	O
3	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
beta	O
channel	O
on	O
July	O
30	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
stable	O
channel	O
on	O
August	O
26	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
64-bit	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	O
builds	O
became	O
available	O
as	O
canary	O
builds	O
on	O
November	O
7	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
beta	O
channel	O
on	O
October	O
9	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
stable	O
channel	O
on	O
November	O
18	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
89	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
will	O
only	O
be	O
supported	O
on	O
Intel/Intel	O
x86	O
and	O
AMD	B-Device
processors	I-Device
with	O
the	O
SSE3	B-General_Concept
instruction	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
beta	O
version	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
4.0	I-Application
devices	O
was	O
launched	O
on	O
February	O
7	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
available	O
for	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
countries	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
features	O
:	O
synchronization	O
with	O
desktop	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
to	O
provide	O
the	O
same	O
bookmarks	O
and	O
view	O
the	O
same	O
browser	B-Application
tabs	O
,	O
page	O
pre-rendering	O
,	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
acceleration	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
latest	O
HTML5	B-Application
features	O
:	O
almost	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
Web	O
Platform	O
's	O
features	O
:	O
GPU-accelerated	O
canvas	O
,	O
including	O
CSS	B-Language
3D	O
Transforms	O
,	O
CSS	B-Language
animations	O
,	O
SVG	O
,	O
WebSocket	B-Protocol
(	O
including	O
binary	O
messages	O
)	O
,	O
Dedicated	O
Workers	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
overflow	O
scroll	O
support	O
,	O
strong	O
HTML5	B-Application
video	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
capabilities	O
such	O
as	O
IndexedDB	O
,	O
WebWorkers	O
,	O
Application	O
Cache	O
and	O
the	O
File	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
date	O
-	O
and	O
time-pickers	O
,	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
Media	O
Capture	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Features	O
missing	O
in	O
the	O
mobile	O
version	O
include	O
sandboxed	O
tabs	O
,	O
Safe	O
Browsing	O
,	O
apps	O
or	O
extensions	B-Protocol
,	O
Adobe	O
Flash	O
(	O
now	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
)	O
,	O
Native	B-Application
Client	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
export	B-General_Concept
user	O
data	O
such	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
their	O
opened	O
tabs	O
or	O
their	O
browsing	B-Protocol
history	I-Protocol
into	O
portable	B-Application
local	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
changes	O
:	O
remote	O
debugging	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
layer	O
has	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
communicating	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
Chromium	B-Language
and	O
WebKit	B-Language
code	O
through	O
Java	B-Language
Native	O
Bindings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
for	O
Android	B-Application
is	I-Application
a	O
fork	B-Application
of	O
the	O
Chromium	B-Language
project	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
priority	O
to	O
upstream	O
most	O
new	O
and	O
modified	O
code	O
to	O
Chromium	B-Language
and	O
WebKit	B-Language
to	O
resolve	O
the	O
fork	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
April	O
17	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
update	O
included	O
availability	O
in	O
31	O
additional	O
languages	O
and	O
in	O
all	O
countries	O
where	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
users	O
can	O
now	O
add	O
bookmarks	O
to	O
their	O
Android	B-Application
home	O
screens	O
if	O
they	O
choose	O
and	O
decide	O
which	O
apps	O
should	O
handle	O
links	O
opened	O
in	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
27	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
exited	O
beta	O
and	O
became	O
stable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
18.0.1026311	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
26	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
for	O
Android	B-Application
to	O
support	O
mobile	O
devices	O
based	O
on	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
x86	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
from	O
version	O
25	O
,	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
version	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
is	I-Application
aligned	O
with	O
the	O
desktop	O
version	O
,	O
and	O
usually	O
new	O
stable	O
releases	O
are	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
between	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
the	O
desktop	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
released	O
a	O
separate	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
for	O
Android	B-Application
beta	O
channel	O
on	O
January	O
10	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
with	O
version	O
25	O
.	O
a	O
separate	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
available	O
in	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Play	O
Storeit	O
can	O
run	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
with	O
the	O
stable	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
available	O
on	O
Apple	O
's	O
mobile	O
iOS	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
for	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
on	O
June	O
26	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
it	O
supports	O
the	O
iPad	B-Device
,	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
and	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
version	O
requires	O
that	O
the	O
device	O
has	O
iOS	O
14.0	O
or	O
greater	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
accordance	O
with	O
Apple	O
's	O
requirements	O
for	O
browsers	B-Application
released	O
through	O
their	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
,	O
this	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
uses	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
WebKit	B-Language
which	O
is	O
Apple	O
's	O
own	O
mobile	O
rendering	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
and	O
components	O
,	O
developed	O
for	O
their	O
Safari	B-Application
browser	I-Application
therefore	O
it	O
is	O
restricted	O
from	O
using	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
own	O
V8	B-Language
JavaScript	I-Language
engine	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
default	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
for	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
Gmail	B-Application
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
review	O
by	O
Chitika	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
noted	O
as	O
having	O
1.5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
had	O
3%	O
of	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
browser	B-Application
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
,	O
support	O
for	O
32-bit	O
Intel	B-Device
processors	I-Device
ended	O
in	O
March	O
2016	O
although	O
Chromium	B-Language
is	O
still	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
version	O
26	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
installations	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
may	O
be	O
updated	O
only	O
on	O
systems	O
that	O
support	O
GCC	B-Application
v4.6	O
and	O
GTK	B-Application
v2.24	O
or	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
on	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
ended	O
in	O
April	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
release	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
that	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
Vista	I-Application
was	O
version	O
49.0.2623.112	O
,	O
released	O
on	O
April	O
7	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
then	O
re-released	O
on	O
April	O
11	B-Application
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
on	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
end	O
upon	O
the	O
announcement	O
on	O
July	O
15	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
and	O
suddenly	O
moved	O
to	O
January	O
15	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
however	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
ongoing	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
and	O
enterprises	O
are	O
taking	O
more	O
time	O
to	O
migrate	O
to	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
or	O
11	B-Application
,	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
support	O
date	O
was	O
pushed	O
at	O
least	O
until	O
January	O
15	O
,	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
,	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Device
8.1	I-Device
ended	O
in	O
February	O
2023	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
110	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
mode	O
"	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
has	O
since	O
been	O
discontinued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
provided	O
to	O
the	O
developer	O
channel	O
,	O
which	O
enabled	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Device
8.1	I-Device
users	O
to	O
run	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
full-screen	O
,	O
tablet-optimized	O
interface	O
,	O
with	O
access	O
to	O
snapping	O
,	O
sharing	O
,	O
and	O
search	O
functionalities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
8	I-Application
mode	O
on	O
the	O
developer	O
channel	O
changed	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
desktop	O
environment	O
mimicking	O
the	O
interface	O
of	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
dedicated	O
windowing	O
system	O
and	O
taskbar	O
for	O
web	B-Application
apps	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
removed	O
on	O
version	O
49	O
and	O
users	O
that	O
have	O
upgraded	O
to	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
will	O
lose	O
this	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
dropped	O
support	O
for	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Leopard	I-Application
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
22	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
32-bit	O
versions	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
ended	O
in	O
November	O
2014	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
39	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
Snow	I-Device
Leopard	I-Device
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Lion	I-Application
,	O
and	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
ended	O
in	O
April	O
2016	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
50	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mavericks	I-Operating_System
ended	O
in	O
April	O
2018	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
66	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
OS	B-Device
X	I-Device
Yosemite	I-Device
ended	O
in	O
January	O
2021	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
88	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
El	I-Operating_System
Capitan	I-Operating_System
and	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Sierra	I-Operating_System
ended	O
in	O
August	O
2022	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
104	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
is	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
operating	O
system	O
that	O
ships	O
on	O
specific	O
hardware	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
manufacturing	O
partners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
has	O
a	O
minimalist	B-Device
design	I-Device
resembling	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Chrome	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
users	O
who	O
spend	O
most	O
of	O
their	O
computer	O
time	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
;	O
the	O
only	O
applications	O
on	O
the	O
devices	O
are	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
incorporating	O
a	O
media	O
player	O
and	O
a	O
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
announced	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
on	O
July	O
7	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
was	O
met	O
with	O
acclaim	O
upon	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Matthew	O
Moore	O
of	O
The	O
Daily	O
Telegraph	O
summarized	O
the	O
verdict	O
of	O
early	O
reviewers	O
:	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
is	O
attractive	O
,	O
fast	O
and	O
has	O
some	O
impressive	O
new	O
features	O
...	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
reportedly	O
played	O
down	O
the	O
threat	O
from	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
and	O
predicted	O
that	O
most	O
people	O
would	O
embrace	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
8	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	B-Application
Software	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
will	O
strengthen	O
the	O
Web	O
as	O
the	O
biggest	O
application	O
platform	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
by	O
February	O
25	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
BusinessWeek	O
had	O
reported	O
that	O
"	O
For	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
years	O
,	O
energy	O
and	O
resources	O
are	O
being	O
poured	O
into	O
browsers	B-Application
,	O
the	O
ubiquitous	O
programs	O
for	O
accessing	O
content	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
is	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
whose	O
big	O
plans	O
for	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Application
browser	I-Application
have	O
shaken	O
Microsoft	O
out	O
of	O
its	O
competitive	O
torpor	O
and	O
forced	O
the	O
software	O
giant	O
to	O
pay	O
fresh	O
attention	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
all	O
but	O
ceased	O
efforts	O
to	O
enhance	O
IE	O
after	O
it	O
triumphed	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
browser	B-Application
war	I-Application
,	O
sending	O
Netscape	O
to	O
its	O
doom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
said	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
introduction	O
into	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
market	O
comes	O
as	O
"	O
no	O
real	O
surprise	O
"	O
,	O
that	O
"	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
not	O
aimed	O
at	O
competing	O
with	O
Firefox	B-Application
"	O
,	O
and	O
furthermore	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
affect	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
revenue	O
relationship	O
with	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
its	O
dominance	O
in	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
market	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
has	O
been	O
accused	O
of	O
using	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
and	O
Blink	B-Language
development	O
to	O
push	O
new	O
web	O
standards	O
that	O
are	O
proposed	O
in-house	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
subsequently	O
implemented	O
by	O
its	O
services	O
first	O
and	O
foremost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
performance	O
disadvantages	O
and	O
compatibility	O
issues	O
with	O
competing	O
browsers	B-Application
,	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
developers	O
intentionally	O
refusing	O
to	O
test	O
their	O
websites	O
on	O
any	O
other	O
browser	B-Application
than	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tom	O
Warren	O
of	O
The	O
Verge	O
went	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
comparing	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
to	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
6	I-Application
,	O
the	O
default	O
browser	B-Application
of	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
that	O
was	O
often	O
targeted	O
by	O
competitors	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
similar	O
ubiquity	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
similarly	O
faced	O
criticism	O
over	O
planned	O
changes	O
to	O
its	O
extensions	B-Protocol
API	B-Application
for	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
(	O
dubbed	O
"	O
Manifest	O
V3	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
inhibit	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
certain	O
forms	O
of	O
ad	O
blocking	O
software	O
by	O
preventing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
WebRequest	O
API	B-Application
to	O
block	O
and	O
modify	O
network	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
intends	O
extensions	B-Protocol
to	O
transition	O
to	O
another	O
API	B-Application
known	O
as	O
DeclarativeWebRequest	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
extension	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
pre-configured	O
rules	O
that	O
are	O
processed	O
by	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
itself	O
rather	O
than	O
through	O
the	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
concerns	O
over	O
how	O
well	O
the	O
API	B-Application
would	O
perform	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
concerns	O
over	O
a	O
cap	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
entries	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
blacklisted	O
,	O
led	O
to	O
criticism	O
that	O
these	O
changes	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
inhibit	O
ad	O
blocking	O
(	O
citing	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
vested	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
online	O
advertising	O
industry	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
cited	O
performance	O
issues	O
associated	O
with	O
WebRequest	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
requires	O
all	O
network	O
traffic	O
to	O
go	O
through	O
the	O
extension	O
before	O
the	O
page	O
is	O
loaded	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
malicious	O
extensions	B-Protocol
,	O
as	O
justification	O
for	O
these	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
overtook	O
Firefox	B-Application
in	O
November	O
2011	O
,	O
in	O
worldwide	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
according	O
to	O
StatCounter	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
had	O
67%	O
worldwide	O
desktop	O
usage	B-Application
share	I-Application
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
Safari	B-Application
and	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
receives	O
a	O
weekend	O
"	O
bump	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
boosts	O
its	O
market	O
share	O
by	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
three	O
percentage	O
points	O
on	O
weekends	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
reported	O
by	O
StatCounter	O
,	O
a	O
web	O
analytics	O
company	O
,	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
single	O
day	O
of	O
Sunday	O
,	O
March	O
18	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
most	O
used	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
in	O
the	O
world	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
secured	O
32.7	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
web	O
browsing	O
on	O
that	O
day	O
,	O
while	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
followed	O
closely	O
behind	O
with	O
32.5	O
%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
May	O
14	O
–	O
21	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
was	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
responsible	O
for	O
more	O
Internet	O
traffic	O
than	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
which	O
long	O
had	O
held	O
its	O
spot	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
used	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
StatCounter	O
,	O
31.88	O
%	O
of	O
web	O
traffic	O
was	O
generated	O
by	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
for	O
a	O
sustained	O
period	O
of	O
one	O
week	O
and	O
31.47	O
%	O
by	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
had	O
topped	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
for	O
a	O
single	O
day	O
's	O
usage	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
it	O
had	O
led	O
for	O
one	O
full	O
week	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
2012	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	O
developers	O
 '	O
conference	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
claimed	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
310	O
million	O
active	O
users	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
almost	O
double	O
the	O
number	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
stated	O
as	O
160	O
million	O
active	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2013	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
StatCounter	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
overtook	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2013	O
,	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
used	O
by	O
43%	O
of	O
internet	O
users	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
study	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
Statista	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
noted	O
that	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
36%	O
of	O
people	O
use	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
lowest	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
businesses	O
to	O
use	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
they	O
would	O
provide	O
an	O
official	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
MSI	B-Application
package	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
business	O
use	O
it	O
is	O
helpful	O
to	O
have	O
full-fledged	O
MSI	O
packages	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
customized	O
via	O
transform	O
files	O
(	O
.mst	B-Application
)	O
but	O
the	O
MSI	O
provided	O
with	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
is	O
only	O
a	O
very	O
limited	O
MSI	B-Application
wrapper	I-Application
fitted	O
around	O
the	O
normal	O
installer	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
businesses	O
find	O
that	O
this	O
arrangement	O
does	O
not	O
meet	O
their	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
normal	O
downloaded	B-Application
Chrome	B-Operating_System
installer	O
puts	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
in	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
local	O
app	O
data	O
directory	O
and	O
provides	O
invisible	O
background	O
updates	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
MSI	B-Application
package	I-Application
will	O
allow	O
installation	O
at	O
the	O
system	O
level	O
,	O
providing	O
system	O
administrators	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
update	O
processit	O
was	O
formerly	O
possible	O
only	O
when	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
was	O
installed	O
using	O
Google	B-Application
Pack	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
also	O
created	O
group	O
policy	O
objects	O
to	O
fine-tune	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
business	O
environment	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
by	O
setting	O
automatic	O
updates	O
intervals	O
,	O
disabling	O
auto-updates	O
,	O
and	O
configuring	O
a	O
home	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
first	O
started	O
supporting	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
in	O
enterprise	O
environments	O
by	O
providing	O
an	O
MSI	B-Application
wrapper	I-Application
around	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
installer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
starting	O
providing	O
group	O
policy	O
objects	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
added	O
each	O
release	O
,	O
and	O
today	O
there	O
are	O
more	O
than	O
500	O
policies	O
available	O
to	O
control	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
behavior	O
in	O
enterprise	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
launched	O
Chrome	B-Application
Browser	I-Application
Enterprise	O
Support	O
,	O
a	O
paid	O
service	O
enabling	O
IT	O
admins	O
access	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
experts	O
to	O
support	O
their	O
browser	B-Application
deployment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
launched	O
Chrome	B-Application
Browser	I-Application
Cloud	O
Management	O
,	O
a	O
dashboard	O
that	O
gives	O
business	O
IT	O
managers	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
control	O
content	O
accessibility	O
,	O
app	O
usage	O
and	O
browser	B-Protocol
extensions	I-Protocol
installed	O
on	O
its	O
deployed	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2008	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
a	O
large	O
portion	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
's	O
source	O
code	O
as	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
project	O
called	O
Chromium	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
move	O
enabled	O
third-party	O
developers	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
underlying	O
source	O
code	O
and	O
to	O
help	O
port	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
to	O
the	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Google-authored	O
portion	O
of	O
Chromium	B-Language
is	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
permissive	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
portions	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
open-source	B-Application
licenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chromium	B-Language
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
lacks	O
built-in	O
automatic	O
updates	O
and	O
a	O
built-in	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
player	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
branding	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
blue-colored	O
logo	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
multicolored	O
Google	B-Application
logo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chromium	B-Language
does	O
not	O
implement	O
user	O
RLZ	O
tracking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Chrome	B-Operating_System
PDF	O
viewer	O
,	O
PDFium	O
,	O
was	O
excluded	O
from	O
Chromium	B-Language
,	O
but	O
was	O
later	O
made	O
open-source	B-Application
in	O
May	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
develop	O
applications	O
,	O
extensions	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
themes	O
for	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
files	O
for	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
icons	O
,	O
popups	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
an	O
official	O
developer	O
's	O
guide	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
create	O
,	O
develop	O
,	O
and	O
publish	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chrome	B-Operating_System
has	O
its	O
own	O
web	O
store	O
where	O
users	O
and	O
developers	O
can	O
upload	O
and	O
download	B-Application
these	O
applications	O
and	O
extensions	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Internet	I-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
the	O
popularity	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
malware	O
abusing	O
its	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
adware	O
replica	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Operating_System
named	O
"	O
eFast	O
"	O
appeared	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
usurp	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Chrome	B-Operating_System
installation	O
and	O
hijack	O
file	O
type	O
associations	O
to	O
make	O
shortcuts	O
for	O
common	O
file	O
types	O
and	O
communication	O
protocols	O
link	O
to	O
itself	O
,	O
and	O
inject	O
advertisements	O
into	O
web	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
