<s>
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
is	O
a	O
discontinued	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
(	O
VR	O
)	O
platform	O
developed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Named	O
for	O
its	O
fold-out	O
cardboard	O
viewer	B-Device
into	O
which	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
is	O
inserted	O
,	O
the	O
platform	O
was	O
intended	O
as	O
a	O
low-cost	O
system	O
to	O
encourage	O
interest	O
and	O
development	O
in	O
VR	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
either	O
build	O
their	O
own	O
viewer	B-Device
from	O
simple	O
,	O
low-cost	O
components	O
using	O
specifications	O
published	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
or	O
purchase	O
a	O
pre-manufactured	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
use	O
the	O
platform	O
,	O
users	O
run	O
Cardboard-compatible	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
on	O
their	O
phone	O
,	O
place	O
it	O
into	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
viewer	B-Device
,	O
and	O
view	O
content	O
through	O
the	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
David	O
Coz	O
and	O
Damien	O
Henry	O
,	O
French	O
Google	B-Application
engineers	O
at	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Cultural	O
Institute	O
in	O
Paris	O
,	O
in	O
their	O
20%	O
"	O
Innovation	O
Time	O
Off	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
introduced	O
at	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
I/O	O
2014	O
developers	O
conference	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
Cardboard	O
viewer	B-Device
was	O
given	O
away	O
to	O
all	O
attendees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cardboard	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
operating	O
systems	O
;	O
the	O
SDK	O
's	O
VR	O
View	O
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
embed	O
VR	O
content	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
their	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
November	O
2019	O
,	O
over	O
15million	O
viewer	B-Device
units	O
had	O
shipped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
Cardboard	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
developed	O
an	O
enhanced	O
VR	O
platform	O
,	O
Daydream	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
declining	O
interest	O
in	O
Cardboard	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
in	O
November	O
2019	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
open-source	B-Application
the	O
platform	O
's	O
SDK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2021	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Store	O
stopped	O
selling	O
Cardboard	O
viewers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
headsets	O
are	O
built	O
out	O
of	O
simple	O
,	O
low-cost	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
headset	O
specifications	O
were	O
designed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
which	O
made	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
parts	O
,	O
schematics	O
,	O
and	O
assembly	O
instructions	O
freely	O
available	O
on	O
their	O
website	O
,	O
allowing	O
people	O
to	O
assemble	O
Cardboard	O
themselves	O
from	O
readily	O
available	O
parts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pre-manufactured	O
viewers	O
were	O
only	O
available	O
from	O
third-party	O
vendors	O
until	O
February	O
2016	O
,	O
when	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
selling	O
their	O
own	O
through	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
parts	O
that	O
make	O
up	O
a	O
Cardboard	O
viewer	B-Device
are	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
cardboard	O
cut	O
into	O
a	O
precise	O
shape	O
,	O
45mm	O
focal	B-Algorithm
length	I-Algorithm
lenses	O
,	O
magnets	O
or	O
capacitive	B-Device
tape	O
,	O
a	O
hook	O
and	O
loop	O
fastener	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Velcro	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
rubber	O
band	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
optional	O
near	O
field	O
communication	O
(	O
NFC	O
)	O
tag	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
provides	O
extra	O
recommendations	O
for	O
large	O
scale	O
manufacturing	O
,	O
and	O
pre-assembled	O
kits	O
based	O
on	O
these	O
plans	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
less	O
than	O
from	O
multiple	O
vendors	O
,	O
who	O
have	O
also	O
created	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Cardboard	O
variations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
kit	O
is	O
assembled	O
,	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
is	O
inserted	O
in	O
the	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
and	O
held	O
in	O
place	O
by	O
the	O
selected	O
fastening	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
–	O
compatible	O
app	O
splits	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
display	O
image	O
into	O
two	O
,	O
one	O
for	O
each	O
eye	O
,	O
while	O
also	O
applying	O
barrel	O
distortion	O
to	O
each	O
image	O
to	O
counter	O
pincushion	O
distortion	O
from	O
the	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
is	O
a	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
(	O
3D	O
)	O
image	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
updated	O
design	O
released	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	O
2015	O
works	O
with	O
phones	O
up	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
replaces	O
the	O
magnet	O
switch	O
with	O
a	O
conductive	O
lever	O
that	O
triggers	O
a	O
touch	O
event	O
on	O
the	O
phone	O
's	O
screen	O
for	O
better	O
compatibility	O
across	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
provides	O
three	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kits	I-Application
for	O
developing	O
Cardboard	O
applications	O
:	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
using	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
game	O
engine	O
Unity	B-Application
using	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
and	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
initially	O
supporting	O
only	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
iOS	B-Application
support	O
for	O
the	O
Unity	B-Application
plugin	O
in	O
May	O
2015	O
at	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
I/O	O
2015	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
apps	O
with	O
Cardboard	O
support	O
are	O
available	O
on	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Play	O
store	O
and	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
for	I-Application
iOS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
native	O
Cardboard	O
apps	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	O
VR	O
Experiments	O
implemented	O
using	O
WebGL	B-Library
;	O
phones	O
,	O
including	O
Apple	O
's	O
,	O
that	O
support	O
WebGL	B-Library
can	O
run	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
web	O
experiments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
port	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Cardboard	O
demonstration	O
app	O
to	O
iOS	B-Application
was	O
released	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
the	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kits	I-Application
would	O
support	O
spatial	B-Application
audio	I-Application
,	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
effect	O
intended	O
to	O
simulate	O
audio	O
coming	O
from	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
listener	O
's	O
head	O
located	O
anywhere	O
in	O
3D	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
VR	O
View	O
,	O
an	O
expansion	O
of	O
the	O
Cardboard	O
SDK	O
allowing	O
developers	O
to	O
embed	O
360-degree	O
VR	O
content	O
on	O
a	O
web	O
page	O
or	O
in	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
,	O
across	O
desktop	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
and	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
HTML	B-Language
code	I-Language
for	O
web	O
publishing	O
VR	O
content	O
is	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
and	O
available	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
,	O
allowing	O
developers	O
to	O
self-host	O
their	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
demonstrations	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
Earth	O
option	O
that	O
allowed	O
interaction	O
with	O
a	O
3-D	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
real	O
terrain	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
removed	O
as	O
of	O
late	O
May	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
declining	O
interest	O
in	O
Cardboard	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
on	O
November	O
6	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
open-source	B-Application
the	O
platform	O
's	O
SDK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jump	O
is	O
an	O
ecosystem	O
for	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
film-making	O
developed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
announced	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	O
on	O
May	O
28	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
did	O
with	O
the	O
Cardboard	O
viewer	B-Device
,	O
for	O
Jump	O
the	O
company	O
developed	O
specifications	O
for	O
a	O
circular	O
camera	O
array	O
made	O
from	O
16	O
cameras	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
release	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GoPro	B-Device
partnered	O
with	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
build	O
an	O
array	O
using	O
their	O
own	O
cameras	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
Jump	O
rig	O
will	O
theoretically	O
support	O
any	O
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
assembler	O
uses	O
computational	B-Algorithm
photography	I-Algorithm
and	O
"	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
"	O
to	O
recreate	O
the	O
scene	O
while	O
generating	O
thousands	O
of	O
in-between	O
viewpoints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finalized	O
video	O
shot	O
through	O
Jump	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
viewed	O
through	O
a	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
VR	O
mode	O
of	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
with	O
a	O
Cardboard	O
viewer	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Expeditions	B-Application
is	O
a	O
program	O
for	O
providing	O
VR	O
experiences	O
to	O
school	O
classrooms	O
through	O
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
viewers	O
,	O
allowing	O
educators	O
to	O
take	O
their	O
students	O
on	O
virtual	O
field	B-Application
trips	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
announced	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	O
2015	O
,	O
with	O
plans	O
to	O
launch	O
in	O
fall	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
classroom	O
kit	O
would	O
include	O
30	O
synchronized	O
Cardboard	O
viewers	O
and	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
tablet	O
for	O
the	O
teacher	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
tour	O
guide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNET	O
called	O
Cardboard	O
"	O
the	O
first	O
Virtual	B-Application
Reality	I-Application
platform	O
targeted	O
at	O
children.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
May	O
2016	O
,	O
over	O
one	O
million	O
students	O
had	O
taken	O
a	O
VR	O
field	B-Application
trip	I-Application
through	O
the	O
Expeditions	B-Application
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
a	O
standalone	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Expedition	O
app	O
,	O
separating	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
platform	O
's	O
education	O
initiative	O
and	O
making	O
it	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2014	O
,	O
Volvo	O
released	O
Volvo-branded	O
Cardboard	O
goggles	O
and	O
an	O
Android	B-Application
app	O
,	O
Volvo	O
Reality	O
,	O
to	O
let	O
the	O
user	O
explore	O
the	O
XC90	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
toy	O
manufacturer	O
Mattel	O
,	O
in	O
cooperation	O
with	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
announced	O
a	O
VR	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
viewer	B-Device
View-Master	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
support	O
was	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
viewer	B-Device
's	O
release	O
in	O
fall	O
2015	O
,	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Windows	O
smartphones	B-Application
available	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
also	O
collaborated	O
with	O
LG	O
Electronics	O
to	O
release	O
a	O
Cardboard-based	O
headset	O
for	O
the	O
LG	B-Application
G3	I-Application
known	O
as	O
VR	O
for	O
G3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
distributed	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
accessory	O
with	O
new	O
G3	O
models	O
sold	O
in	O
certain	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
competitor	O
to	O
the	O
Samsung	B-Device
Gear	I-Device
VR	I-Device
accessory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
8	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
included	O
a	O
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
viewer	B-Device
manufactured	O
by	O
with	O
all	O
home	O
newspaper	O
deliveries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Readers	O
can	O
download	O
the	O
NYT	O
VR	O
app	O
on	O
their	O
smartphone	B-Application
,	O
which	O
displays	O
journalism-focused	O
immersive	O
VR	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
newspaper	O
,	O
The	O
Guardian	O
,	O
offered	O
a	O
similar	O
promotion	O
,	O
giving	O
away	O
97,000	O
Cardboard	O
headsets	O
to	O
readers	O
on	O
October	O
7	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
while	O
releasing	O
a	O
Guardian	O
VR	O
app	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
offered	O
free	O
Star	O
Wars-themed	O
Cardboard	O
viewers	O
through	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Store	O
and	O
Verizon	B-Application
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
promotional	O
tie-in	O
for	O
the	O
film	O
Star	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
:	O
The	O
Force	O
Awakens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ticket	O
holders	O
for	O
the	O
2016	O
Coachella	O
Valley	O
Music	O
and	O
Arts	O
Festival	O
received	O
a	O
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
–	O
inspired	O
cardboard	O
VR	O
viewer	B-Device
in	O
their	O
welcome	O
package	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
Coachella	O
VR	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
27	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
platform	O
's	O
first	O
19	O
months	O
,	O
over	O
5	O
million	O
Cardboard	O
viewers	O
had	O
shipped	O
,	O
over	O
1,000	O
compatible	O
applications	O
had	O
been	O
published	O
,	O
and	O
over	O
25	O
million	O
application	O
installs	O
had	O
been	O
made	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
users	O
viewed	O
over	O
350,000	O
hours	O
of	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
in	O
VR	O
during	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
500,000	O
students	O
took	O
a	O
VR	O
field	B-Application
trip	I-Application
through	O
the	O
Expeditions	B-Application
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
November	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
claimed	O
that	O
over	O
15million	O
viewer	B-Device
units	O
had	O
shipped	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
success	O
of	O
Cardboard	O
convinced	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
develop	O
more	O
advanced	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
hardware	O
and	O
appoint	O
a	O
new	O
chief	O
of	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
announced	O
an	O
enhanced	O
VR	O
platform	O
called	O
Daydream	B-Application
at	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	O
on	O
May	O
18	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
's	O
first	O
headset	O
,	O
the	O
Daydream	B-Application
View	I-Application
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
10	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Daydream	I-Application
was	O
not	O
widely	O
adopted	O
by	O
consumers	O
or	O
developers	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
October	O
2019	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Daydream	B-Application
View	I-Application
headset	O
had	O
been	O
discontinued	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
certify	O
new	O
devices	O
for	O
Daydream	B-Application
.	O
</s>
