<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Advanced	B-Application
Technology	I-Application
and	I-Application
Projects	I-Application
group	O
(	O
ATAP	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
skunkworks	O
team	O
and	O
in-house	O
technology	O
incubator	O
,	O
created	O
by	O
former	O
DARPA	O
director	O
Regina	O
Dugan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ATAP	B-Application
is	O
similar	O
to	O
X	O
,	O
but	O
works	O
on	O
projects	O
,	O
granting	O
project	O
leaders	O
time	O
—	O
previously	O
only	O
two	O
years	O
—	O
in	O
which	O
to	O
move	O
a	O
project	O
from	O
concept	O
to	O
proven	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Dugan	O
,	O
the	O
ideal	O
ATAP	B-Application
project	O
combines	O
technology	O
and	O
science	O
,	O
requires	O
a	O
certain	O
amount	O
of	O
novel	O
research	O
,	O
and	O
creates	O
a	O
marketable	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
the	O
ATAP	B-Application
team	O
was	O
born	O
at	O
Motorola	O
Mobility	O
and	O
kept	O
when	O
Google	B-Application
sold	O
Motorola	O
Mobility	O
to	O
Lenovo	O
in	O
2014	O
;	O
for	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
ATAP	B-Application
ideas	O
have	O
tended	O
to	O
involve	O
mobile	O
hardware	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
team	O
embodies	O
principles	O
that	O
former	O
Google	B-Application
VP	O
Dugan	O
used	O
at	O
DARPA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
is	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
resources	O
outside	O
the	O
organizational	O
box	O
;	O
ATAP	B-Application
has	O
worked	O
with	O
hundreds	O
of	O
partners	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
twenty	O
countries	O
,	O
including	O
schools	O
,	O
corporations	O
,	O
startups	O
,	O
governments	O
,	O
and	O
nonprofits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
ATAP	B-Application
has	O
occasionally	O
publicized	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
projects	O
in	O
progress	O
,	O
the	O
individual	O
projects	O
are	O
kept	O
secret	O
until	O
they	O
are	O
nearing	O
maturity	O
and	O
it	O
's	O
time	O
to	O
start	O
developing	O
public	O
interest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
that	O
point	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
historically	O
been	O
announced	O
at	O
the	O
annual	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	I-Application
developer	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Project	B-Algorithm
Tango	I-Algorithm
team	O
was	O
led	O
by	O
computer	O
scientist	O
Johnny	O
Lee	O
,	O
a	O
core	O
contributor	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Kinect	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Project	B-Algorithm
Tango	I-Algorithm
was	O
a	O
computer-vision	O
technology	O
that	O
allows	O
mobile	O
devices	O
to	O
detect	O
their	O
position	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
around	O
them	O
,	O
without	O
requiring	O
GPS	O
or	O
other	O
external	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enables	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
tablets	B-Device
for	O
indoor	B-Device
navigation	I-Device
,	O
3D	O
mapping	O
,	O
measurement	O
of	O
physical	O
spaces	O
,	O
recognition	O
of	O
known	O
environments	O
,	O
augmented	B-General_Concept
reality	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
windows	O
into	O
virtual	B-Application
3D	I-Application
worlds	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
first	O
quarter	O
of	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
team	O
left	O
ATAP	B-Application
and	O
became	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
team	O
in	O
its	O
own	O
right	O
,	O
making	O
Project	B-Algorithm
Tango	I-Algorithm
the	O
first	O
product	O
to	O
emerge	O
from	O
the	O
intensive	O
two-year	O
incubator	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Project	B-Application
Ara	I-Application
is	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
creating	O
customizable	O
,	O
modular	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Project	B-Application
Ara	I-Application
,	O
consumers	O
populate	O
an	O
electronic	O
frame	O
,	O
called	O
an	O
endoskeleton	O
or	O
"	O
endo	O
"	O
,	O
with	O
rectangular	O
hardware	O
modules	O
for	O
power	O
,	O
processing	O
,	O
memory	O
,	O
screen	O
,	O
wireless	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
users	O
can	O
update	O
individual	O
modules	O
when	O
better	O
technology	O
becomes	O
available	O
,	O
Project	B-Application
Ara	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
hedge	O
against	O
cyclical	O
obsolescence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
Project	B-Application
Ara	I-Application
website	O
specifies	O
a	O
targeted	O
manufacturing	O
cost	O
for	O
an	O
entry-level	O
device	O
in	O
the	O
$	O
50-	O
$100	O
range	O
,	O
and	O
states	O
that	O
the	O
project	O
has	O
"	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
delivering	O
the	O
mobile	O
internet	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
5	O
billion	O
people	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
had	O
targeted	O
the	O
first	O
Project	B-Application
Ara	I-Application
public	O
release	O
for	O
Puerto	O
Rico	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
but	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
test	O
has	O
been	O
delayed	O
until	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Project	B-Application
Ara	I-Application
Module	O
Development	O
Kit	O
(	O
MDK	O
)	O
will	O
enable	O
manufacturers	O
to	O
create	O
Project	O
Ara-compatible	O
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
early	O
pre-release	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
MDK	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
Project	B-Application
Ara	I-Application
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ATAP	B-Application
sponsored	O
Project	B-Application
Ara	I-Application
Developer	O
's	O
Conferences	O
in	O
2014	O
and	O
2015	O
to	O
begin	O
stimulating	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
emerging	O
hardware	O
ecosystem	O
and	O
solicit	O
input	O
from	O
potential	O
designers	O
and	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ara	O
is	O
an	O
exception	O
in	O
that	O
the	O
usual	O
ATAP	B-Application
two-year	O
timeframe	O
was	O
extended	O
to	O
give	O
more	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
completion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Project	O
Soli	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
gesture-recognition	B-General_Concept
technology	O
based	O
on	O
radar	B-Application
,	O
unlike	O
established	O
approaches	O
based	O
on	O
visual	O
or	O
infrared	O
light	O
such	O
as	O
stereo	B-Algorithm
cameras	I-Algorithm
,	O
structured	B-General_Concept
light	I-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
time-of-flight	O
sensors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
novel	O
approach	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
small	O
,	O
high-speed	O
sensors	O
and	O
data-analysis	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
Doppler	B-Algorithm
,	O
can	O
detect	O
fine	O
motions	O
with	O
sub-millimeter	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Project	O
Soli	O
was	O
announced	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	I-Application
2015	O
and	O
generated	O
considerable	O
media	O
interest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	I-Application
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
demoed	O
a	O
newer	O
Project	O
Soli	O
chip	O
redesigned	O
for	O
smartwatches	O
and	O
speakers	O
with	O
Infineon	O
Technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pixel	B-Device
4	I-Device
,	O
released	O
in	O
2019	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
commercial	O
smartphone	B-Application
to	O
feature	O
Soli	O
chip	O
for	O
motion	O
sensing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pixel	B-Device
4	I-Device
's	O
Soli	O
radar	B-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
a	O
single	O
5.0	O
mm	O
x	O
6.5	O
mm	O
RFIC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rubayet	O
Hossain	O
(	O
Omi	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
intelligent	O
systems	O
researcher	O
of	O
DARPA	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
the	O
researchers	O
of	O
QuAIL	B-Application
develop	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
user-interactive	O
operating	O
system	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
commercial	O
quantum	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
Jacquard	O
"	O
is	O
borrowed	O
from	O
the	O
Jacquard	O
loom	O
,	O
invented	O
in	O
1801	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
controlled	O
with	O
punched	B-Architecture
cards	I-Architecture
and	O
inspired	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
punched	B-Architecture
cards	I-Architecture
in	O
computing	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
century	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
loom	O
,	O
ATAP	B-Application
's	O
Project	O
Jacquard	O
is	O
a	O
platform	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
consumer	O
product	O
;	O
it	O
enables	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
products	O
for	O
uses	O
such	O
as	O
communication	O
,	O
personal	O
assistance	O
,	O
navigation	O
,	O
health	O
and	O
fitness	O
,	O
fashion	O
,	O
and	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Project	O
Jacquard	O
was	O
announced	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
I/O	I-Application
2015	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
related	O
partnership	O
with	O
clothing	O
manufacturer	O
Levi	O
Strauss	O
&	O
Co	O
.	O
to	O
create	O
Jacquard-enabled	O
jackets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
ATAP	B-Application
website	O
,	O
designers	O
can	O
use	O
Jacquard	O
"	O
as	O
they	O
would	O
any	O
fabric	O
,	O
adding	O
new	O
layers	O
of	O
functionality	O
to	O
their	O
designs	O
,	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
learn	O
about	O
electronics.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
new	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Levi	O
Strauss	O
&	O
Co	O
.	O
to	O
release	O
a	O
new	O
edition	O
of	O
its	O
Jacquard-enabled	O
jackets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Jacquard	O
Tag	O
uses	O
machine	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
to	O
recognize	O
kicks	O
,	O
shot	O
power	O
,	O
distance	O
and	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
connects	O
with	O
FIFA	B-Application
Mobile	I-Application
for	O
challenges	O
and	O
leaderboards	O
.	O
</s>
