<s>
Google	B-Application
LLC	I-Application
(	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
American	O
multinational	O
technology	O
company	O
focusing	O
on	O
online	O
advertising	O
,	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
technology	I-Application
,	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
computer	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
e-commerce	O
,	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
,	O
and	O
consumer	B-Architecture
electronics	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
most	O
powerful	O
company	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
"	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
valuable	O
brands	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
market	O
dominance	O
,	O
data	O
collection	O
,	O
and	O
technological	O
advantages	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Its	O
parent	O
company	O
Alphabet	O
is	O
considered	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
Big	O
Five	O
American	O
information	B-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
companies	O
,	O
alongside	O
Amazon	B-Application
,	O
Apple	O
,	O
Meta	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
was	O
founded	O
on	O
September	O
4	O
,	O
1998	O
,	O
by	O
computer	O
scientists	O
Larry	O
Page	O
and	O
Sergey	O
Brin	O
while	O
they	O
were	O
PhD	O
students	O
at	O
Stanford	O
University	O
in	O
California	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
was	O
reorganized	O
as	O
a	O
wholly	O
owned	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Alphabet	O
Inc	O
.	O
Google	B-Application
is	O
Alphabet	O
's	O
largest	O
subsidiary	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
holding	O
company	O
for	O
Alphabet	O
's	O
internet	O
properties	O
and	O
interests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sundar	O
Pichai	O
was	O
appointed	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Google	B-Application
on	O
October	O
24	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
replacing	O
Larry	O
Page	O
,	O
who	O
became	O
the	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Alphabet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
3	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Pichai	O
also	O
became	O
the	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Alphabet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
has	O
since	O
rapidly	O
grown	O
to	O
offer	O
a	B-Application
multitude	I-Application
of	I-Application
products	I-Application
and	I-Application
services	I-Application
beyond	O
Google	B-Application
Search	I-Application
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
hold	O
dominant	O
market	O
positions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
products	O
address	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
use	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
email	O
(	O
Gmail	B-Application
)	O
,	O
navigation	O
(	O
Waze	B-Application
&	O
Maps	B-Application
)	O
,	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
(	O
Cloud	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
web	O
browsing	O
(	O
Chrome	B-Application
)	O
,	O
video	O
sharing	O
(	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
productivity	O
(	O
Workspace	B-Application
)	O
,	O
operating	O
systems	O
(	O
Android	B-Application
)	O
,	O
cloud	B-Application
storage	I-Application
(	O
Drive	B-Application
)	O
,	O
language	O
translation	O
(	O
Translate	B-Application
)	O
,	O
photo	O
storage	O
(	O
Photos	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
video	O
calling	O
(	O
Meet	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
smart	O
home	O
(	O
Nest	B-Device
)	O
,	O
smartphones	O
(	O
Pixel	B-Device
)	O
,	O
wearable	O
technology	O
(	O
Pixel	B-Device
Watch	I-Device
&	O
Fitbit	B-Application
)	O
,	O
music	O
streaming	O
(	O
YouTube	B-Application
Music	I-Application
)	O
,	O
video	O
on	O
demand	O
(	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
TV	O
)	O
,	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
(	O
Google	B-Application
Assistant	I-Application
)	O
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
APIs	O
(	O
TensorFlow	B-Language
)	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
chips	O
(	O
TPU	B-Device
)	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Discontinued	O
Google	B-Application
products	I-Application
include	O
gaming	O
(	O
Stadia	B-Application
)	O
,	O
Glass	B-Application
,	O
Google+	B-Application
,	O
Reader	B-Application
,	O
Play	B-Application
Music	I-Application
,	O
Nexus	B-Device
,	O
Hangouts	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Inbox	B-Protocol
by	I-Protocol
Gmail	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
other	O
ventures	O
outside	O
of	O
Internet	O
services	O
and	O
consumer	B-Architecture
electronics	I-Architecture
include	O
quantum	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
(	O
Sycamore	B-Device
)	O
,	O
self-driving	O
cars	O
(	O
Waymo	O
,	O
formerly	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Self-Driving	O
Car	B-Application
Project	O
)	O
,	O
smart	O
cities	O
(	O
Sidewalk	O
Labs	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
transformer	O
models	O
(	O
Google	B-Application
Brain	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
and	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
are	O
the	O
two	O
most	O
visited	O
websites	O
worldwide	O
followed	O
by	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Twitter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
is	O
also	O
the	O
largest	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
,	O
mapping	O
and	O
navigation	O
application	O
,	O
email	O
provider	O
,	O
office	O
suite	O
,	O
video	O
sharing	O
platform	O
,	O
photo	O
and	O
cloud	B-Application
storage	I-Application
provider	O
,	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
,	O
web	O
browser	O
,	O
ML	O
framework	O
,	O
and	O
AI	B-Application
virtual	O
assistant	O
provider	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
market	O
share	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
most	O
valuable	O
brands	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
is	O
ranked	O
second	O
by	O
Forbes	O
and	O
fourth	O
by	O
Interbrand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
received	O
significant	O
criticism	O
involving	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
privacy	B-Application
concerns	I-Application
,	O
tax	O
avoidance	O
,	O
censorship	O
,	O
search	B-Application
neutrality	O
,	O
antitrust	O
and	O
abuse	O
of	O
its	O
monopoly	B-Application
position	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
began	O
in	O
January	O
1996	O
as	O
a	O
research	O
project	O
by	O
Larry	O
Page	O
and	O
Sergey	O
Brin	O
when	O
they	O
were	O
both	O
PhD	O
students	O
at	O
Stanford	O
University	O
in	O
California	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
initially	O
involved	O
an	O
unofficial	O
"	O
third	O
founder	O
"	O
,	O
Scott	O
Hassan	O
,	O
the	O
original	O
lead	O
programmer	O
who	O
wrote	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
original	O
Google	B-Application
Search	I-Application
engine	I-Application
,	O
but	O
he	O
left	O
before	O
Google	B-Application
was	O
officially	O
founded	O
as	O
a	O
company	O
;	O
Hassan	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
pursue	O
a	O
career	O
in	O
robotics	O
and	O
founded	O
the	O
company	O
Willow	O
Garage	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
conventional	O
search	B-Application
engines	I-Application
ranked	O
results	O
by	O
counting	O
how	O
many	O
times	O
the	O
search	B-Application
terms	O
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
page	O
,	O
they	O
theorized	O
about	O
a	O
better	O
system	O
that	O
analyzed	O
the	O
relationships	O
among	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
called	O
this	O
algorithm	O
PageRank	B-Algorithm
;	O
it	O
determined	O
a	O
website	O
's	O
relevance	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
pages	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
those	O
pages	O
that	O
linked	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Page	O
and	O
Brin	O
originally	O
nicknamed	O
the	O
new	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
"	O
BackRub	B-Application
"	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
system	O
checked	O
backlinks	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
a	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hassan	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Alan	O
Steremberg	O
were	O
cited	O
by	O
Page	O
and	O
Brin	O
as	O
being	O
critical	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Rajeev	O
Motwani	O
and	O
Terry	O
Winograd	O
later	O
co-authored	O
with	O
Page	O
and	O
Brin	O
the	O
first	O
paper	O
about	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
describing	O
PageRank	B-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
initial	O
prototype	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
,	O
published	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PageRank	B-Algorithm
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
a	O
similar	O
page-ranking	O
and	O
site-scoring	O
algorithm	O
earlier	O
used	O
for	O
RankDex	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Robin	O
Li	O
in	O
1996	O
,	O
with	O
Larry	O
Page	O
's	O
PageRank	B-Algorithm
patent	O
including	O
a	O
citation	O
to	O
Li	O
's	O
earlier	O
RankDex	O
patent	O
;	O
Li	O
later	O
went	O
on	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
Chinese	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
Baidu	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
,	O
they	O
changed	O
the	O
name	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
;	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
was	O
a	O
misspelling	O
of	O
the	O
word	O
googol	O
,	O
a	O
very	O
large	O
number	O
written	O
10100	O
(	O
1	O
followed	O
by	O
100	O
zeros	O
)	O
,	O
picked	O
to	O
signify	O
that	O
the	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
was	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
was	O
initially	O
funded	O
by	O
an	O
August	O
1998	O
investment	O
of	O
$	O
100,000	O
from	O
Andy	O
Bechtolsheim	O
,	O
co-founder	O
of	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Andy	O
briefly	O
tested	O
a	O
demo	O
of	O
the	O
website	O
,	O
liked	O
what	O
he	O
saw	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
went	O
back	O
to	O
his	O
car	B-Application
to	O
grab	O
the	O
check	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
received	O
money	O
from	O
two	O
other	O
angel	O
investors	O
in	O
1998	O
:	O
Amazon.com	B-Application
founder	O
Jeff	O
Bezos	O
,	O
and	O
entrepreneur	O
Ram	O
Shriram	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Page	O
and	O
Brin	O
had	O
first	O
approached	O
Shriram	O
,	O
who	O
was	O
a	O
venture	O
capitalist	O
,	O
for	O
funding	O
and	O
counsel	O
,	O
and	O
Shriram	O
invested	O
$	O
250,000	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
in	O
February	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shriram	O
knew	O
Bezos	O
because	O
Amazon	B-Application
had	O
acquired	O
Junglee	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
Shriram	O
was	O
the	O
president	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
Shriram	O
who	O
told	O
Bezos	O
about	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Bezos	O
asked	O
Shriram	O
to	O
meet	B-Protocol
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
founders	O
and	O
they	O
met	O
6	O
months	O
after	O
Shriram	O
had	O
made	O
his	O
investment	O
when	O
Bezos	O
and	O
his	O
wife	O
were	O
in	O
a	O
vacation	O
trip	O
to	O
the	O
Bay	O
Area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
initial	O
funding	O
round	O
had	O
already	O
formally	O
closed	O
but	O
Bezos	O
 '	O
status	O
as	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Amazon	B-Application
was	O
enough	O
to	O
persuade	O
Page	O
and	O
Brin	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
round	O
and	O
accept	O
his	O
investment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
these	O
initial	O
investors	O
,	O
friends	O
,	O
and	O
family	O
Google	B-Application
raised	O
around	O
$1	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
what	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
their	O
original	O
shop	O
in	O
Menlo	O
Park	O
,	O
California	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
firms	O
were	O
initially	O
reticent	O
about	O
investing	O
jointly	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
as	O
each	O
wanted	O
to	O
retain	O
a	O
larger	O
percentage	O
of	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
themselves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
venture	O
companies	O
finally	O
agreed	O
to	O
investing	O
jointly	O
$12.5	O
million	O
each	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
belief	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
great	O
potential	O
and	O
through	O
mediation	O
of	O
earlier	O
angel	O
investors	O
Ron	O
Conway	O
and	O
Ram	O
Shriram	O
who	O
had	O
contacts	O
in	O
the	O
venture	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
year	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
selling	O
advertisements	O
associated	O
with	O
search	B-Application
keywords	O
against	O
Page	O
and	O
Brin	O
's	O
initial	O
opposition	O
toward	O
an	O
advertising-funded	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2000	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
would	O
become	O
the	O
default	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
provider	O
for	O
Yahoo	O
!,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
websites	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
replacing	O
Inktomi	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Three	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
bought	O
the	O
property	O
from	O
SGI	O
for	O
$319million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
"	O
had	O
found	O
its	O
way	O
into	O
everyday	O
language	O
,	O
causing	O
the	O
verb	O
"	O
google	B-Application
"	O
to	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
Merriam-Webster	O
Collegiate	O
Dictionary	O
and	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
,	O
denoted	O
as	O
:	O
"	O
to	O
use	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
to	O
obtain	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
verb	O
on	O
television	B-Application
appeared	O
in	O
an	O
October	O
2002	O
episode	O
of	O
Buffy	B-Application
the	I-Application
Vampire	I-Application
Slayer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
in	O
2001	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
investors	O
felt	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
strong	O
internal	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
agreed	O
to	O
hire	O
Eric	O
Schmidt	O
as	O
the	O
chairman	O
and	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
He	O
had	O
been	O
trying	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
CEO	B-Application
that	O
Sergey	O
and	O
Larry	O
would	O
accept	O
for	O
several	O
months	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
rejected	O
several	O
candidates	O
because	O
they	O
wanted	O
to	O
retain	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Michael	O
Moritz	O
from	O
Sequoia	O
Capital	O
at	O
one	O
point	O
even	O
menaced	O
requesting	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
immediately	O
pay	O
back	O
Sequoia	O
's	O
$12.5	O
m	O
investment	O
if	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
fulfill	O
their	O
promise	O
to	O
hire	O
a	O
chief	O
executive	O
officer	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
made	O
verbally	O
during	O
investment	O
negotiations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eric	O
was	O
n't	O
initially	O
enthusiastic	O
about	O
joining	O
Google	B-Application
either	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
full	O
potential	O
had	O
n't	O
yet	O
been	O
widely	O
recognized	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
he	O
was	O
occupied	O
with	O
his	O
responsibilities	O
at	O
Novell	O
where	O
he	O
was	O
CEO	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
him	O
joining	O
,	O
Eric	O
agreed	O
to	O
buy	O
$1	O
million	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
preferred	O
stocks	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
show	O
his	O
commitment	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
funds	O
Google	B-Application
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
19	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
became	O
a	O
public	O
company	O
via	O
an	O
initial	O
public	O
offering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
that	O
time	O
Larry	O
Page	O
,	O
Sergey	O
Brin	O
,	O
and	O
Eric	O
Schmidt	O
agreed	O
to	O
work	O
together	O
at	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
20	O
years	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
year	O
2024	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sale	O
of	O
$1.67	O
billion	O
gave	O
Google	B-Application
a	O
market	O
capitalization	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
$23	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
13	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
acquired	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
for	O
$1.65	O
billion	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
stock	O
,	O
On	O
March	O
11	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
acquired	O
DoubleClick	O
for	O
$3.1	O
billion	O
,	O
transferring	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
valuable	O
relationships	O
that	O
DoubleClick	O
had	O
with	O
Web	O
publishers	O
and	O
advertising	O
agencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2011	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
was	O
handling	O
approximately	O
3	O
billion	O
searches	O
per	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
handle	O
this	O
workload	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
built	O
11	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
around	O
the	O
world	O
with	O
several	O
thousand	O
servers	B-Application
in	O
each	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
allowed	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
handle	O
the	O
ever-changing	O
workload	O
more	O
efficiently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
monthly	O
unique	O
visitors	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
surpassed	O
one	O
billion	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
acquired	O
Motorola	O
Mobility	O
for	O
$12.5	O
billion	O
,	O
in	O
its	O
largest	O
acquisition	O
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
purchase	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
help	O
Google	B-Application
gain	O
Motorola	O
's	O
considerable	O
patent	O
portfolio	O
on	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
wireless	O
technologies	O
,	O
to	O
help	O
protect	O
Google	B-Application
in	O
its	O
ongoing	O
patent	O
disputes	O
with	O
other	O
companies	O
,	O
mainly	O
Apple	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
allow	O
it	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
freely	O
offer	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
acquired	O
Waze	B-Application
,	O
a	O
$966	O
million	O
deal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Waze	B-Application
would	O
remain	O
an	O
independent	O
entity	O
,	O
its	O
social	O
features	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
its	O
crowdsourced	O
location	O
platform	O
,	O
were	O
reportedly	O
valuable	O
integrations	O
between	O
Waze	B-Application
and	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
own	O
mapping	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
company	O
,	O
called	O
Calico	O
,	O
on	O
September	O
19	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
led	O
by	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
chairman	O
Arthur	O
Levinson	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
26	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
had	O
agreed	O
to	O
acquire	O
DeepMind	B-Application
Technologies	I-Application
,	O
a	O
privately	O
held	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
company	O
from	O
London	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Google	B-Application
spokesperson	O
declined	O
to	O
comment	O
on	O
the	O
price	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purchase	O
of	O
DeepMind	B-Application
aids	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
recent	O
growth	O
in	O
the	B-Application
artificial	I-Application
intelligence	I-Application
and	O
robotics	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Interbrand	O
's	O
annual	O
Best	O
Global	O
Brands	O
report	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
has	O
been	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
valuable	O
brand	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
(	O
behind	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
)	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
2016	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
valuation	O
of	O
$133	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
10	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
reorganize	O
its	O
various	O
interests	O
as	O
a	O
conglomerate	O
named	O
Alphabet	O
Inc	O
.	O
Google	B-Application
became	O
Alphabet	O
's	O
largest	O
subsidiary	O
and	O
the	O
umbrella	O
company	O
for	O
Alphabet	O
's	O
Internet	O
interests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
restructuring	O
,	O
Sundar	O
Pichai	O
became	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
replacing	O
Larry	O
Page	O
,	O
who	O
became	O
CEO	B-Application
of	O
Alphabet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
8	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
fired	O
employee	O
James	O
Damore	O
after	O
he	O
distributed	O
a	O
memo	O
throughout	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
argued	O
bias	O
and	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Ideological	O
Echo	O
Chamber	O
"	O
clouded	O
their	O
thinking	O
about	O
diversity	O
and	O
inclusion	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
biological	O
factors	O
,	O
not	O
discrimination	O
alone	O
,	O
that	O
cause	O
the	O
average	O
woman	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
interested	O
than	O
men	O
in	O
technical	O
positions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
CEO	B-Application
Sundar	O
Pichai	O
accused	O
Damore	O
of	O
violating	O
company	O
policy	O
by	O
"	O
advancing	O
harmful	O
gender	O
stereotypes	O
in	O
our	O
workplace	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
fired	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
2018	O
and	O
2019	O
,	O
tensions	O
between	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
leadership	O
and	O
its	O
workers	O
escalated	O
as	O
staff	O
protested	O
company	O
decisions	O
on	O
internal	O
sexual	O
harassment	O
,	O
Dragonfly	B-Application
,	O
a	O
censored	O
Chinese	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Project	O
Maven	O
,	O
a	O
military	O
drone	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
,	O
which	O
had	O
been	O
seen	O
as	O
areas	O
of	O
revenue	O
growth	O
for	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
published	O
the	O
exposé	O
,	O
"	O
How	O
Google	B-Application
Protected	O
Andy	O
Rubin	O
,	O
the	O
'	O
Father	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
 '	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
November	O
1	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
20,000	O
Google	B-Application
employees	O
and	O
contractors	O
staged	O
a	O
global	O
walk-out	O
to	O
protest	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
handling	O
of	O
sexual	O
harassment	O
complaints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CEO	B-Application
Sundar	O
Pichai	O
was	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
the	O
protests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
19	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
enter	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
market	O
,	O
launching	O
a	O
cloud	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
platform	O
called	O
Google	B-Application
Stadia	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
3	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Department	O
of	O
Justice	O
reported	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
investigate	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
antitrust	O
violations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
filing	O
of	O
an	O
antitrust	O
lawsuit	O
in	O
October	O
2020	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
grounds	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
abused	O
a	O
monopoly	B-Application
position	O
in	O
the	O
search	B-Application
and	O
search	B-Application
advertising	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
former	O
PayPal	O
chief	O
operating	O
officer	O
Bill	O
Ready	O
became	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
new	O
commerce	O
chief	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ready	O
's	O
role	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
directly	O
involved	O
with	O
Google	B-Application
Pay	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
several	O
cost-cutting	O
measures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
measures	O
included	O
slowing	O
down	O
hiring	O
for	O
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
2020	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
strategic	O
areas	O
,	O
recalibrating	O
the	O
focus	O
and	O
pace	O
of	O
investments	O
in	O
areas	O
like	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
and	O
machines	O
,	O
and	O
non-business	O
essential	O
marketing	O
and	O
travel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2020	O
Google	B-Application
services	I-Application
outages	O
disrupted	O
Google	B-Application
services	I-Application
:	O
one	O
in	O
August	O
that	O
affected	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
among	O
others	O
,	O
another	O
in	O
November	O
affecting	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
a	O
third	O
in	O
December	O
affecting	O
the	O
entire	O
suite	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
Alphabet	O
Workers	O
Union	O
was	O
founded	O
,	O
composed	O
mostly	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
Australian	O
Government	O
proposed	O
legislation	O
that	O
would	O
require	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
to	O
pay	O
media	O
companies	O
for	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
threatened	O
to	O
close	O
off	O
access	O
to	O
its	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
in	O
Australia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2021	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
reportedly	O
paid	O
$20	O
million	O
for	O
Ubisoft	O
ports	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
Stadia	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
spent	O
"	O
tens	O
of	O
millions	O
of	O
dollars	O
"	O
on	O
getting	O
major	O
publishers	O
such	O
as	O
Ubisoft	O
and	O
Take-Two	O
to	O
bring	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
biggest	O
games	O
to	O
Stadia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2021	O
,	O
The	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
reported	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
ran	O
a	O
years-long	O
program	O
called	O
"	O
Project	O
Bernanke	O
"	O
that	O
used	O
data	O
from	O
past	O
advertising	O
bids	O
to	O
gain	O
an	O
advantage	O
over	O
competing	O
for	O
ad	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
revealed	O
in	O
documents	O
concerning	O
the	O
antitrust	O
lawsuit	O
filed	O
by	O
ten	O
US	O
states	O
against	O
Google	B-Application
in	O
December	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
Australian	O
government	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
curb	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
capability	O
to	O
sell	O
targeted	O
ads	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
a	O
monopoly	B-Application
on	O
the	O
market	O
harming	O
publishers	O
,	O
advertisers	O
,	O
and	O
consumers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
accepting	O
requests	O
for	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
phone	O
numbers	O
,	O
physical	O
addresses	O
and	O
email	O
addresses	O
from	O
its	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
policy	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
may	O
remove	O
information	O
from	O
only	O
certain	O
but	O
not	O
all	O
search	B-Application
queries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2022	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
acquired	O
California	O
based	O
,	O
MicroLED	O
display	O
technology	O
development	O
and	O
manufacturing	O
Start-up	O
Raxium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Raxium	O
is	O
set	O
to	O
join	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Devices	O
and	O
Services	O
team	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
micro-optics	O
,	O
monolithic	O
integration	O
,	O
and	O
system	O
integration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2023	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
ChatGPT	B-General_Concept
and	O
concerns	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
was	O
falling	O
behind	O
in	O
the	O
AI	B-Application
race	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
senior	O
management	O
issued	O
a	O
"	O
code	O
red	O
"	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
directive	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
most	O
important	O
products	O
—	O
those	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
billion	O
users	O
—	O
must	O
incorporate	O
generative	O
AI	B-Application
within	O
months	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
indexes	B-Application
billions	O
of	O
web	O
pages	O
to	O
allow	O
users	O
to	O
search	B-Application
for	O
the	O
information	O
they	O
desire	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
keywords	O
and	O
operators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
comScore	O
market	O
research	O
from	O
November	O
2009	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Search	I-Application
is	O
the	O
dominant	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
market	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
market	O
share	O
of	O
65.6	O
%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
enabled	O
a	O
new	O
"	O
Personal	O
"	O
tab	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
Search	I-Application
,	O
letting	O
users	O
search	B-Application
for	O
content	O
in	O
their	O
Google	B-Application
accounts	O
 '	O
various	O
services	O
,	O
including	O
email	O
messages	O
from	O
Gmail	B-Application
and	O
photos	B-Algorithm
from	O
Google	B-Algorithm
Photos	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
launched	O
its	O
Google	B-Application
News	I-Application
service	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
an	O
automated	O
service	O
which	O
summarizes	O
news	O
articles	O
from	O
various	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
also	O
hosts	O
Google	B-Application
Books	I-Application
,	O
a	O
service	O
which	O
searches	O
the	O
text	O
found	O
in	O
books	O
in	O
its	O
database	O
and	O
shows	O
limited	O
previews	O
or	O
and	O
the	O
full	O
book	O
where	O
allowed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
added	O
several	O
features	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
generates	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
revenues	O
from	O
advertising	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
sales	O
of	O
apps	O
,	O
purchases	O
made	O
in-app	O
,	O
digital	O
content	O
products	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
,	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
licensing	O
and	O
service	O
fees	O
,	O
including	O
fees	O
received	O
for	O
Google	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
offerings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
three	O
principal	O
methods	O
,	O
namely	O
AdMob	B-Application
,	O
AdSense	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
AdSense	O
for	O
Content	O
,	O
AdSense	O
for	O
Search	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
algorithms	O
for	O
understanding	O
search	B-Application
requests	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
uses	O
technology	O
its	O
acquisition	O
of	O
DoubleClick	O
,	O
to	O
project	O
user	O
interest	O
and	O
target	O
advertising	O
to	O
the	O
search	B-Application
context	O
and	O
the	O
user	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
launched	O
"	O
AdSense	O
for	O
Mobile	O
"	O
,	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
mobile	O
advertising	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Analytics	I-Application
allows	O
website	O
owners	O
to	O
track	O
where	O
and	O
how	O
people	O
use	O
their	O
website	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
by	O
examining	O
click	O
rates	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
links	O
on	O
a	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
advertisements	O
can	O
be	O
placed	O
on	O
third-party	O
websites	O
in	O
a	O
two-part	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Ads	I-Application
allows	O
advertisers	O
to	O
display	O
their	O
advertisements	O
in	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
content	O
network	O
,	O
through	O
a	O
cost-per-click	O
scheme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sister	O
service	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
AdSense	O
,	O
allows	O
website	O
owners	O
to	O
display	O
these	O
advertisements	O
on	O
their	O
website	O
and	O
earn	O
money	O
every	O
time	O
ads	O
are	O
clicked	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
criticisms	O
of	O
this	O
program	O
is	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
click	O
fraud	O
,	O
which	O
occurs	O
when	O
a	O
person	O
or	O
automated	O
script	O
clicks	O
on	O
advertisements	O
without	O
being	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
product	O
,	O
causing	O
the	O
advertiser	O
to	O
pay	O
money	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
unduly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Search	I-Application
Console	I-Application
(	O
rebranded	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Webmaster	I-Application
Tools	I-Application
in	O
May	O
2015	O
)	O
allows	O
webmasters	O
to	O
check	O
the	O
sitemap	O
,	O
crawl	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
security	O
issues	O
of	O
their	O
websites	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
optimize	O
their	O
website	O
's	O
visibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
offers	O
Gmail	B-Application
for	O
email	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Calendar	I-Application
for	O
time-management	O
and	O
scheduling	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
for	O
mapping	O
,	O
navigation	O
and	O
satellite	O
imagery	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
for	O
cloud	B-Application
storage	I-Application
of	O
files	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Docs	I-Application
,	O
Sheets	B-Language
and	O
Slides	B-Application
for	O
productivity	O
,	O
Google	B-Algorithm
Photos	I-Algorithm
for	O
photo	O
storage	O
and	O
sharing	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Keep	I-Application
for	O
note-taking	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Translate	I-Application
for	O
language	O
translation	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
for	O
video	O
viewing	O
and	O
sharing	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
My	O
Business	O
for	O
managing	O
public	O
business	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
Duo	B-Application
for	O
social	O
interaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
unveiled	O
a	O
cloud	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
service	I-Application
named	O
Stadia	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
job	O
search	B-Application
product	O
has	O
also	O
existed	O
since	O
before	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
Jobs	O
is	O
an	O
enhanced	O
search	B-Application
feature	I-Application
that	O
aggregates	O
listings	O
from	O
job	B-Application
boards	I-Application
and	O
career	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Google	B-Application
services	I-Application
are	O
not	O
web-based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Earth	I-Application
,	O
launched	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
see	O
high-definition	O
satellite	O
pictures	O
from	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
for	O
free	O
through	O
a	O
client	O
software	O
downloaded	O
to	O
their	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
develops	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
mobile	I-Application
operating	O
system	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
smartwatch	B-Application
,	O
television	B-Application
,	O
car	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Internet	O
of	O
things-enabled	O
smart	B-Device
devices	I-Device
variations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
develops	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Chrome	B-Application
web	I-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
and	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
an	O
operating	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
Chrome	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
Nexus	B-Application
One	I-Application
,	O
the	O
first	O
Android	B-Application
phone	I-Application
under	O
its	O
own	O
brand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
spawned	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
phones	O
and	O
tablets	O
under	O
the	O
"	O
Nexus	B-Device
"	O
branding	O
until	O
its	O
eventual	O
discontinuation	O
in	O
2016	O
,	O
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
brand	O
called	O
Pixel	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Chromebook	B-Operating_System
was	O
introduced	O
,	O
which	O
runs	O
on	O
ChromeOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
the	O
Chromecast	B-Device
dongle	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
stream	O
content	O
from	O
their	O
smartphones	O
to	O
televisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
Google	B-Device
Cardboard	I-Device
,	O
a	O
simple	O
cardboard	O
viewer	O
that	O
lets	O
the	O
user	O
place	O
their	O
smartphone	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
front	O
compartment	O
to	O
view	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
(	O
VR	O
)	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
hardware	B-Architecture
products	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Nest	B-Device
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
voice	O
assistant	O
smart	O
speakers	O
that	O
can	O
answer	O
voice	O
queries	O
,	O
play	B-Application
music	I-Application
,	O
find	O
information	O
from	O
apps	O
(	O
calendar	O
,	O
weather	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Nest	B-Device
line	O
includes	O
the	O
original	O
Google	B-Device
Home	I-Device
(	O
later	O
succeeded	O
by	O
the	O
Nest	B-Device
Audio	O
)	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Google	B-Device
Home	I-Device
Mini	O
(	O
later	O
succeeded	O
by	O
the	O
Nest	B-Device
Mini	O
)	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Google	B-Device
Home	I-Device
Max	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Google	B-Device
Home	I-Device
Hub	O
(	O
later	O
rebranded	O
as	O
the	O
Nest	B-Device
Hub	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Nest	B-Device
Hub	O
Max	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nest	B-Device
Wifi	I-Device
(	O
originally	O
Google	B-Device
Wifi	I-Device
)	O
,	O
a	O
connected	O
set	O
of	O
Wi-Fi	O
routers	O
to	O
simplify	O
and	O
extend	O
coverage	O
of	O
home	O
Wi-Fi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Workspace	I-Application
(	O
formerly	O
G	B-Application
Suite	I-Application
until	O
October	O
2020	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
monthly	O
subscription	O
offering	O
for	O
organizations	O
and	O
businesses	O
to	O
get	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
services	O
,	O
including	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
and	O
Google	B-Application
Docs	I-Application
,	O
Google	B-Language
Sheets	I-Language
and	O
Google	B-Application
Slides	I-Application
,	O
with	O
additional	O
administrative	O
tools	O
,	O
unique	O
domain	O
names	O
,	O
and	O
24/7	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
24	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
launched	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
Entrepreneurs	O
,	O
a	O
largely	O
not-for-profit	O
business	O
incubator	O
providing	O
startups	O
with	O
co-working	O
spaces	O
known	O
as	O
Campuses	O
,	O
with	O
assistance	O
to	O
startup	O
founders	O
that	O
may	O
include	O
workshops	O
,	O
conferences	O
,	O
and	O
mentorships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Presently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
seven	O
Campus	O
locations	O
:	O
Berlin	O
,	O
London	O
,	O
Madrid	O
,	O
Seoul	O
,	O
São	O
Paulo	O
,	O
Tel	O
Aviv	O
,	O
and	O
Warsaw	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
15	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Analytics	I-Application
360	I-Application
Suite	I-Application
,	O
"	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
integrated	O
data	O
and	O
marketing	O
analytics	O
products	O
,	O
designed	O
specifically	O
for	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
enterprise-class	O
marketers	O
"	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
integrated	O
with	O
BigQuery	B-Application
on	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Cloud	B-General_Concept
Platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jack	O
Marshall	O
of	O
The	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
wrote	O
that	O
the	O
suite	O
competes	O
with	O
existing	O
marketing	O
cloud	B-General_Concept
offerings	O
by	O
companies	O
including	O
Adobe	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
,	O
Salesforce	B-Application
,	O
and	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Fiber	O
project	O
,	O
with	O
experimental	O
plans	O
to	O
build	O
an	O
ultra-high-speed	O
broadband	O
network	O
for	O
50,000	O
to	O
500,000	O
customers	O
in	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
American	O
cities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
corporate	O
restructure	O
to	O
make	O
Alphabet	O
Inc	O
.	O
its	O
parent	O
company	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Fiber	I-Application
was	O
moved	O
to	O
Alphabet	O
's	O
Access	O
division	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
Project	B-Application
Fi	I-Application
,	O
a	O
mobile	O
virtual	O
network	O
operator	O
,	O
that	O
combines	O
Wi-Fi	O
and	O
cellular	O
networks	O
from	O
different	O
telecommunication	O
providers	O
in	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
enable	O
seamless	O
connectivity	O
and	O
fast	O
Internet	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
initial	O
public	O
offering	O
(	O
IPO	O
)	O
took	O
place	O
on	O
August	O
19	O
,	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sale	O
of	O
$1.67	O
billion	O
gave	O
Google	B-Application
a	O
market	O
capitalization	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
$23	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GOOG	O
shares	O
split	O
into	O
GOOG	O
class	O
C	O
shares	O
and	O
GOOGL	B-Application
class	O
A	O
shares	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
is	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
NASDAQ	O
stock	O
exchange	O
under	O
the	O
ticker	O
symbols	O
GOOGL	B-Application
and	O
GOOG	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
Frankfurt	O
Stock	O
Exchange	O
under	O
the	O
ticker	O
symbol	O
GGQ1	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
ticker	O
symbols	O
now	O
refer	O
to	O
Alphabet	O
Inc.	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
holding	O
company	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
third	O
quarter	O
of	O
2005	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
reported	O
a	O
700%	O
increase	O
in	O
profit	O
,	O
largely	O
due	O
to	O
large	O
companies	O
shifting	O
their	O
advertising	O
strategies	O
from	O
newspapers	O
,	O
magazines	O
,	O
and	O
television	B-Application
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
96%	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
revenue	O
was	O
derived	O
from	O
its	O
advertising	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
generated	O
$50	O
billion	O
in	O
annual	O
revenue	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
generating	O
$38	O
billion	O
the	O
previous	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2013	O
,	O
then-CEO	O
Larry	O
Page	O
commented	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
ended	O
2012	O
with	O
a	O
strong	O
quarter	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
consolidated	O
revenue	O
for	O
the	O
third	O
quarter	O
of	O
2013	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
mid-October	O
2013	O
as	O
$14.89	O
billion	O
,	O
a	O
12	O
percent	O
increase	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
quarter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Internet	O
business	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
$10.8	O
billion	O
of	O
this	O
total	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
users	O
 '	O
clicks	O
on	O
advertisements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
January	O
2014	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
market	O
capitalization	O
had	O
grown	O
to	O
$397	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
uses	O
various	O
tax	O
avoidance	O
strategies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
between	O
2007	O
and	O
2010	O
saved	O
$3.1	O
billion	O
in	O
taxes	O
by	O
shuttling	O
non-U.S.	O
profits	O
through	O
Ireland	O
and	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
Bermuda	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
reportedly	O
sparked	O
a	O
French	O
investigation	O
into	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
transfer	O
pricing	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
said	O
it	O
had	O
overhauled	O
its	O
controversial	O
global	O
tax	O
structure	O
and	O
consolidated	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
intellectual	O
property	O
holdings	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Vice-president	O
Matt	O
Brittin	O
testified	O
to	O
the	O
Public	O
Accounts	O
Committee	O
of	O
the	O
UK	O
House	O
of	O
Commons	O
that	O
his	O
UK	O
sales	O
team	O
made	O
no	O
sales	O
and	O
hence	O
owed	O
no	O
sales	O
taxes	O
to	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
reached	O
a	O
settlement	O
with	O
the	O
UK	O
to	O
pay	O
£130m	O
in	O
back	O
taxes	O
plus	O
higher	O
taxes	O
in	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
channeled	O
$22.7	O
billion	O
from	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
to	O
Bermuda	O
to	O
reduce	O
its	O
tax	O
bill	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
ranked	O
5th	O
in	O
lobbying	O
spending	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
213th	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
"	O
originated	O
from	O
a	O
misspelling	O
of	O
"	O
googol	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
represented	O
by	O
a	O
1	O
followed	O
by	O
one-hundred	O
zeros	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Page	O
and	O
Brin	O
write	O
in	O
their	O
original	O
paper	O
on	O
PageRank	B-Algorithm
:	O
"	O
We	O
chose	O
our	O
systems	O
name	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
spelling	O
of	O
googol	O
,	O
or	O
10100	O
and	O
fits	O
well	O
with	O
our	O
goal	O
of	O
building	O
very	O
large-scale	O
search	O
engines.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Having	O
found	O
its	O
way	O
increasingly	O
into	O
everyday	O
language	O
,	O
the	O
verb	O
"	O
google	B-Application
"	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
Merriam	O
Webster	O
Collegiate	O
Dictionary	O
and	O
the	B-Application
Oxford	I-Application
English	I-Application
Dictionary	I-Application
in	O
2006	O
,	O
meaning	O
"	O
to	O
use	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
to	O
obtain	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
Internet.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
mission	O
statement	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
outset	O
,	O
was	O
"	O
to	O
organize	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
information	O
and	O
make	O
it	O
universally	O
accessible	O
and	O
useful	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
unofficial	O
slogan	O
is	O
"	O
Do	O
n't	O
be	O
evil	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
motto	O
was	O
retained	O
in	O
the	O
code	O
of	O
conduct	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
now	O
a	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
Alphabet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Google	B-Application
logo	O
was	O
designed	O
by	O
Sergey	O
Brin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
been	O
designing	O
special	O
,	O
temporary	O
alternate	O
logos	O
to	O
place	O
on	O
their	O
homepage	O
intended	O
to	O
celebrate	O
holidays	O
,	O
events	O
,	O
achievements	O
and	O
people	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Google	B-Application
Doodle	O
was	O
in	O
honor	O
of	O
the	O
Burning	O
Man	O
Festival	O
of	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
doodle	O
was	O
designed	O
by	O
Larry	O
Page	O
and	O
Sergey	O
Brin	O
to	O
notify	O
users	O
of	O
their	O
absence	O
in	O
case	O
the	O
servers	B-Application
crashed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequent	O
Google	B-Application
Doodles	O
were	O
designed	O
by	O
an	O
outside	O
contractor	O
,	O
until	O
Larry	O
and	O
Sergey	O
asked	O
then-intern	O
Dennis	O
Hwang	O
to	O
design	O
a	O
logo	O
for	O
Bastille	O
Day	O
in	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
a	O
tradition	O
of	O
creating	O
April	O
Fools	O
 '	O
Day	O
jokes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
first	O
on	O
April	O
1	O
,	O
2000	O
,	O
was	O
Google	B-Application
MentalPlex	O
which	O
allegedly	O
featured	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
mental	O
power	O
to	O
search	B-Application
the	I-Application
web	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
free	O
Internet	O
service	O
called	O
TiSP	O
,	O
or	O
Toilet	O
Internet	O
Service	O
Provider	O
,	O
where	O
one	O
obtained	O
a	O
connection	O
by	O
flushing	O
one	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
fiber-optic	B-Architecture
cable	I-Architecture
down	O
their	O
toilet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
services	O
contain	O
easter	O
eggs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Swedish	O
Chef	O
's	O
"	O
Bork	O
bork	O
bork	O
,	O
"	O
Pig	B-Language
Latin	I-Language
,	O
"	O
Hacker	O
"	O
or	O
leetspeak	O
,	O
Elmer	O
Fudd	O
,	O
Pirate	O
,	O
and	O
Klingon	O
as	O
language	O
selections	O
for	O
its	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
searching	O
for	O
the	O
word	O
"	O
anagram	O
,	O
"	O
meaning	O
a	O
rearrangement	O
of	O
letters	O
from	O
one	O
word	O
to	O
form	O
other	O
valid	O
words	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
suggestion	O
feature	O
displays	O
"	O
Did	O
you	O
mean	O
:	O
nag	O
a	O
ram	O
?	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
runs	O
free	O
online	O
courses	O
to	O
help	O
engineers	O
learn	O
how	O
to	O
plan	O
and	O
author	O
technical	O
documentation	O
better	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Fortune	O
magazine	O
's	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
companies	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
ranked	O
first	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
2008	O
and	O
2012	O
,	O
and	O
fourth	O
in	O
2009	O
and	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
was	O
also	O
nominated	O
in	O
2010	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
most	O
attractive	O
employer	O
to	O
graduating	O
students	O
in	O
the	O
Universum	O
Communications	O
talent	O
attraction	O
index	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
corporate	O
philosophy	O
includes	O
principles	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
you	O
can	O
make	O
money	O
without	O
doing	O
evil	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
you	O
can	O
be	O
serious	O
without	O
a	O
suit	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
work	O
should	O
be	O
challenging	O
and	O
the	O
challenge	O
should	O
be	O
fun.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Alphabet	O
Inc	O
.	O
had	O
132,121	O
employees	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
more	O
than	O
100,000	O
worked	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
diversity	O
report	O
states	O
that	O
32	O
percent	O
of	O
its	O
workforce	O
are	O
women	O
and	O
68	O
percent	O
are	O
men	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
ethnicity	O
of	O
its	O
workforce	O
being	O
predominantly	O
white	O
(	O
51.7	O
%	O
)	O
and	O
Asian	O
(	O
41.9	O
%	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
100,000	O
+	O
full-time	O
employees	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
used	O
about	O
121,000	O
temporary	O
workers	O
and	O
contractors	O
,	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
employees	O
are	O
hired	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
hierarchical	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Employees	O
are	O
split	O
into	O
six	O
hierarchies	O
based	O
on	O
experience	O
and	O
can	O
range	O
"	O
from	O
entry-level	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
workers	O
at	O
level	O
one	O
to	O
managers	O
and	O
experienced	O
engineers	O
at	O
level	O
six.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
motivation	O
technique	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
policy	O
known	O
as	O
Innovation	O
Time	O
Off	O
,	O
where	O
Google	B-Application
engineers	O
are	O
encouraged	O
to	O
spend	O
20%	O
of	O
their	O
work	O
time	O
on	O
projects	O
that	O
interest	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
services	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
News	I-Application
,	O
Orkut	B-Application
,	O
and	O
AdSense	O
originated	O
from	O
these	O
independent	O
endeavors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
talk	O
at	O
Stanford	O
University	O
,	O
Marissa	O
Mayer	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
vice-president	O
of	O
Search	B-Application
Products	O
and	O
User	O
Experience	O
until	O
July	O
2012	O
,	O
showed	O
that	O
half	O
of	O
all	O
new	O
product	O
launches	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
half	O
of	O
2005	O
had	O
originated	O
from	O
the	O
Innovation	O
Time	O
Off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
articles	O
in	O
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
and	O
other	O
sources	O
began	O
suggesting	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
had	O
lost	O
its	O
anti-corporate	O
,	O
no	O
evil	O
philosophy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
unique	O
culture	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
designated	O
a	O
Chief	O
Culture	O
Officer	O
whose	O
purpose	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
maintain	O
the	O
culture	O
and	O
work	O
on	O
ways	O
to	O
keep	O
true	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
values	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
founded	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
also	O
faced	O
allegations	O
of	O
sexism	O
and	O
ageism	O
from	O
former	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
class	O
action	O
against	O
several	O
Silicon	O
Valley	O
companies	O
,	O
including	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
was	O
filed	O
for	O
alleged	O
"	O
no	O
cold	O
call	O
"	O
agreements	O
which	O
restrained	O
the	O
recruitment	O
of	O
high-tech	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
filed	O
January	O
8	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
multiple	O
employees	O
and	O
job	O
applicants	O
alleged	O
Google	B-Application
discriminated	O
against	O
a	O
class	O
defined	O
by	O
their	O
"	O
conservative	O
political	O
views[,]	O
male	O
gender[,]	O
and/or	O
 [ ... ] 	O
Caucasian	O
or	O
Asian	O
race	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
25	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
an	O
international	O
workers	O
union	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
employees	O
,	O
Alpha	O
Global	O
,	O
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
formation	O
of	O
the	O
union	O
is	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
persistent	O
allegations	O
of	O
mistreatment	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
employees	O
and	O
a	O
toxic	O
workplace	O
culture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
had	O
previously	O
been	O
accused	O
of	O
surveilling	O
and	O
firing	O
employees	O
who	O
were	O
suspected	O
of	O
organizing	O
a	O
workers	O
union	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
court	O
documents	O
revealed	O
that	O
between	O
2018	O
and	O
2020	O
Google	B-Application
ran	O
an	O
anti-union	O
campaign	O
called	O
Project	O
Vivian	O
to	O
"	O
convince	O
them	O
(	O
employees	O
)	O
that	O
unions	O
suck	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
headquarters	O
in	O
Mountain	O
View	O
,	O
California	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
Googleplex	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
play	O
on	O
words	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
googolplex	O
and	O
the	O
headquarters	O
itself	O
being	O
a	O
complex	O
of	O
buildings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internationally	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
has	O
over	O
78	O
offices	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
moved	O
into	O
about	O
of	O
office	O
space	O
at	O
111	O
Eighth	O
Avenue	O
in	O
Manhattan	O
,	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
office	O
was	O
designed	O
and	O
built	O
specially	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
and	O
houses	O
its	O
largest	O
advertising	O
sales	O
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
bought	O
the	O
building	O
housing	O
the	O
headquarter	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
deal	O
that	O
valued	O
the	O
property	O
at	O
around	O
$1.9	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
parent	O
company	O
Alphabet	O
bought	O
the	O
nearby	O
Chelsea	O
Market	O
building	O
for	O
$2.4	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
its	O
plan	O
to	O
expand	O
its	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
office	O
to	O
a	O
capacity	O
of	O
12,000	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
December	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
a	O
$1	O
billion	O
,	O
headquarters	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
would	O
be	O
built	O
in	O
Manhattan	O
's	O
Hudson	O
Square	O
neighborhood	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Called	O
Google	B-Application
Hudson	O
Square	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
campus	O
is	O
projected	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
double	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
employees	O
working	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
late	O
2006	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
established	O
a	O
new	O
headquarters	O
for	O
its	O
AdWords	B-Application
division	O
in	O
Ann	O
Arbor	O
,	O
Michigan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
opened	O
offices	O
on	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
's	O
campus	O
in	O
Pittsburgh	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
shopping-related	O
advertisement	O
coding	O
and	O
smartphone	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
has	O
product	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
operations	O
in	O
cities	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
namely	O
Sydney	O
(	O
birthplace	O
location	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
)	O
and	O
London	O
(	O
part	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
development	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
plans	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
London	O
headquarter	O
,	O
a	O
1	O
million	O
square	O
foot	O
office	O
able	O
to	O
accommodate	O
4,500	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recognized	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
ever	O
commercial	O
property	O
acquisitions	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
deal	O
's	O
announcement	O
in	O
January	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
submitted	O
plans	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
headquarter	O
to	O
the	O
Camden	O
Council	O
in	O
June	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
its	O
intention	O
to	O
create	O
its	O
own	O
campus	O
in	O
Hyderabad	O
,	O
India	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Global	O
Offices	O
sum	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
85	O
Locations	O
worldwide	O
,	O
with	O
32	O
offices	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
3	O
of	O
them	O
in	O
Canada	O
and	O
29	O
in	O
United	O
States	O
Territory	O
,	O
California	O
being	O
the	O
state	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
offices	O
with	O
9	O
in	O
total	O
including	O
the	O
Googleplex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Latin	O
America	O
Region	O
Google	B-Application
counts	O
with	O
6	O
offices	O
,	O
in	O
Europe	O
24	O
(	O
3	O
of	O
them	O
in	O
UK	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
region	O
counts	O
with	O
18	O
offices	O
principally	O
4	O
in	O
India	O
and	O
3	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Africa	O
Middle	O
East	O
region	O
counts	O
5	O
offices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Detroit	B-Application
12	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Warsaw	B-Application
23	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shanghai	B-Device
9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Taipei	B-Application
17	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Haifa	B-Algorithm
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
are	O
located	O
in	O
North	O
and	O
South	O
America	O
,	O
Asia	O
,	O
and	O
Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
official	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
servers	B-Application
in	O
Google	B-Application
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
;	O
however	O
,	O
research	O
and	O
advisory	O
firm	O
Gartner	O
estimated	O
in	O
a	O
July	O
2016	O
report	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
at	O
the	O
time	O
had	O
2.5	O
million	O
servers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traditionally	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
relied	O
on	O
parallel	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
on	O
commodity	O
hardware	B-Architecture
like	O
mainstream	O
x86	B-Operating_System
computers	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
home	O
PCs	O
)	O
to	O
keep	O
costs	O
per	O
query	O
low	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
built	O
its	O
own	O
private	O
submarine	O
communications	O
cables	O
;	O
the	O
first	O
,	O
named	O
Curie	O
,	O
connects	O
California	O
with	O
Chile	O
and	O
was	O
completed	O
on	O
November	O
15	O
,	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
fully	O
Google-owned	O
undersea	O
cable	O
,	O
named	O
Dunant	O
,	O
connects	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
with	O
France	O
and	O
is	O
planned	O
to	O
begin	O
operation	O
in	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
third	O
subsea	O
cable	O
,	O
Equiano	O
,	O
will	O
connect	O
Lisbon	O
,	O
Portugal	O
with	O
Lagos	O
,	O
Nigeria	O
and	O
Cape	O
Town	O
,	O
South	O
Africa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
aimed	O
for	O
carbon	O
neutrality	O
in	O
regard	O
to	O
its	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
disclosed	O
in	O
September	O
2011	O
that	O
it	O
"	O
continuously	O
uses	O
enough	O
electricity	O
to	O
power	O
200,000	O
homes	O
"	O
,	O
almost	O
260	O
million	O
watts	O
or	O
about	O
a	O
quarter	O
of	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
a	O
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Total	O
carbon	O
emissions	O
for	O
2010	O
were	O
just	O
under	O
1.5	O
million	O
metric	O
tons	O
,	O
mostly	O
due	O
to	O
fossil	O
fuels	O
that	O
provide	O
electricity	O
for	O
the	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
said	O
that	O
25	O
percent	O
of	O
its	O
energy	O
was	O
supplied	O
by	O
renewable	O
fuels	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
average	O
search	B-Application
uses	O
only	O
0.3	O
watt-hours	O
of	O
electricity	O
,	O
so	O
all	O
global	O
searches	O
are	O
only	O
12.5	O
million	O
watts	O
or	O
5%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
electricity	O
consumption	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Energy	O
made	O
its	O
first	O
investment	O
in	O
a	O
renewable	O
energy	O
project	O
,	O
putting	O
$38.8	O
million	O
into	O
two	O
wind	O
farms	O
in	O
North	O
Dakota	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Federal	O
Energy	O
Regulatory	O
Commission	O
granted	O
Google	B-Application
an	O
authorization	O
to	O
buy	O
and	O
sell	O
energy	O
at	O
market	O
rates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
with	O
an	O
Iowa	O
wind	O
farm	O
to	O
buy	O
114	O
megawatts	O
of	O
power	O
for	O
20	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
—	O
starting	O
in	O
2017	O
—	O
it	O
would	O
purchase	O
enough	O
renewable	O
energy	O
to	O
match	O
100%	O
of	O
the	O
energy	O
usage	O
of	O
its	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
and	O
offices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
commitment	O
will	O
make	O
Google	B-Application
"	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
corporate	O
buyer	O
of	O
renewable	O
power	O
,	O
with	O
commitments	O
reaching	O
2.6	O
gigawatts	O
(	O
2,600	O
megawatts	O
)	O
of	O
wind	O
and	O
solar	O
energy	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
bought	O
536	O
megawatts	O
of	O
wind	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
chief	O
executive	O
announced	O
plans	O
for	O
a	O
$2	O
billion	O
wind	O
and	O
solar	O
investment	O
,	O
the	O
biggest	O
renewable	O
energy	O
deal	O
in	O
corporate	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2020	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
had	O
retroactively	O
offset	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
carbon	O
emissions	O
since	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
foundation	O
in	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
committed	O
to	O
operating	O
its	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
and	O
offices	O
using	O
only	O
carbon-free	O
energy	O
by	O
2030	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
pledged	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
packaging	O
for	O
its	O
hardware	B-Architecture
products	O
100%	O
plastic-free	O
and	O
100%	O
recyclable	O
by	O
2025	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
donates	O
to	O
climate	O
change	O
denial	O
political	O
groups	O
including	O
the	O
State	O
Policy	O
Network	O
and	O
the	O
Competitive	O
Enterprise	O
Institute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
continued	O
to	O
monetize	O
and	O
profit	O
from	O
sites	O
propagating	O
climate	O
disinformation	O
even	O
after	O
the	O
company	O
updated	O
their	O
policy	O
to	O
prohibit	O
placing	O
their	O
ads	O
on	O
similar	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
formed	O
the	O
not-for-profit	O
philanthropic	O
Google.org,	O
with	O
a	O
start-up	O
fund	O
of	O
$1billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
hired	O
Larry	O
Brilliant	O
as	O
the	O
program	O
's	O
executive	O
director	O
in	O
2004	O
and	O
Megan	O
Smith	O
has	O
replaced	O
him	O
as	O
director	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2007	O
,	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
the	O
Mathematical	O
Sciences	O
Research	O
Institute	O
(	O
MSRI	O
)	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
hosted	O
the	O
first	O
Julia	O
Robinson	O
Mathematics	O
Festival	O
at	O
its	O
headquarters	O
in	O
Mountain	O
View	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
donated	O
1million	O
euros	O
to	O
International	O
Mathematical	O
Olympiad	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
next	O
five	O
annual	O
International	O
Mathematical	O
Olympiads	O
(	O
2011	O
–	O
2015	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
launched	O
a	O
"	O
Legalize	O
Love	O
"	O
campaign	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
gay	O
rights	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
its	O
"	O
project	O
10100	O
"	O
which	O
accepted	O
ideas	O
for	O
how	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
community	O
and	O
then	O
allowed	O
Google	B-Application
users	O
to	O
vote	O
on	O
their	O
favorites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
two	O
years	O
of	O
silence	O
,	O
during	O
which	O
many	O
wondered	O
what	O
had	O
happened	O
to	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
revealed	O
the	O
winners	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
giving	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
ten	O
million	O
dollars	O
to	O
various	O
ideas	O
ranging	O
from	O
non-profit	O
organizations	O
that	O
promote	O
education	O
to	O
a	O
website	O
that	O
intends	O
to	O
make	O
all	O
legal	O
documents	O
public	O
and	O
online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Responding	O
to	O
the	O
humanitarian	O
crisis	O
after	O
the	O
Russian	O
invasion	O
of	O
Ukraine	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
$15	O
million	O
donation	O
to	O
support	O
Ukrainian	O
citizens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
also	O
decided	O
to	O
transform	O
its	O
office	O
in	O
Warsaw	B-Application
into	O
a	O
help	O
center	O
for	O
refugees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
had	O
criticism	O
over	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
aggressive	O
tax	O
avoidance	O
,	O
search	B-Application
neutrality	O
,	O
copyright	O
,	O
censorship	O
of	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
and	O
content	O
,	O
and	O
privacy	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
criticisms	O
are	O
alleged	O
misuse	O
and	O
manipulation	O
of	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
,	O
its	O
use	O
of	O
other	O
people	O
's	O
intellectual	O
property	O
,	O
concerns	O
that	O
its	O
compilation	O
of	O
data	O
may	O
violate	O
people	O
's	O
privacy	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
energy	O
consumption	O
of	O
its	O
servers	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
concerns	O
over	O
traditional	O
business	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
monopoly	B-Application
,	O
restraint	O
of	O
trade	O
,	O
anti-competitive	O
practices	O
,	O
and	O
patent	O
infringement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
formerly	O
complied	O
with	O
Internet	O
censorship	O
policies	O
of	O
the	O
People	O
's	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
enforced	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
filters	O
colloquially	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
The	B-Application
Great	I-Application
Firewall	I-Application
of	I-Application
China	I-Application
"	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
longer	O
does	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
all	O
Google	B-Application
services	I-Application
except	O
for	O
Chinese	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
are	O
blocked	O
from	O
access	O
within	O
mainland	O
China	O
without	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
virtual	B-Application
private	I-Application
networks	I-Application
,	O
proxy	B-Application
servers	I-Application
,	O
or	O
other	O
similar	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2018	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
program	O
manager	O
Chris	O
Peterson	O
accused	O
Google	B-Application
of	O
intentionally	O
slowing	O
down	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
performance	O
on	O
Firefox	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2019	O
,	O
former	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
executive	O
Jonathan	O
Nightingale	O
accused	O
Google	B-Application
of	O
intentionally	O
and	O
systematically	O
sabotaging	O
the	O
Firefox	B-Application
browser	I-Application
over	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
boost	O
adoption	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2018	O
,	O
The	O
Intercept	O
reported	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
is	O
developing	O
for	O
the	O
People	O
's	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
a	O
censored	O
version	O
of	O
its	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
(	O
known	O
as	O
Dragonfly	B-Application
)	O
"	O
that	O
will	O
blacklist	O
websites	O
and	O
search	B-Application
terms	O
about	O
human	O
rights	O
,	O
democracy	O
,	O
religion	O
,	O
and	O
peaceful	O
protest	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
had	O
been	O
withheld	O
due	O
to	O
privacy	B-Application
concerns	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
hub	O
for	O
critics	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
dedicated	O
to	O
abstaining	O
from	O
using	O
Google	B-Application
products	I-Application
coalesced	O
in	O
the	O
Reddit	B-Application
online	O
community	O
/r/degoogle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DeGoogle	B-Application
grassroots	O
campaign	O
continues	O
to	O
grow	O
as	O
privacy	B-Application
activists	O
highlight	O
information	O
about	O
Google	B-Application
products	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
incursion	O
on	O
personal	O
privacy	B-Application
rights	O
by	O
the	O
company	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
The	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
secretively	O
began	O
the	O
project	O
in	O
2018	O
,	O
with	O
St.	O
Louis-based	O
healthcare	O
company	O
Ascension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
2022	O
National	O
Labor	O
Relations	O
Board	O
ruling	O
,	O
court	O
documents	O
suggested	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
sponsored	O
a	O
secretive	O
project	O
--	O
Project	O
Vivian	O
to	O
counsel	O
its	O
employees	O
and	O
to	O
discourage	O
them	O
from	O
forming	O
unions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
aided	O
controversial	O
governments	O
in	O
mass	O
surveillance	O
projects	O
,	O
sharing	O
with	O
police	O
and	O
military	O
the	O
identities	O
of	O
those	O
protesting	O
racial	O
injustice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
they	O
shared	O
with	O
the	O
FBI	O
information	O
collected	O
from	O
all	O
Android	B-Application
users	O
at	O
a	O
Black	O
Lives	O
Matter	O
protest	O
in	O
Seattle	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
opted	O
out	O
of	O
location	B-Application
data	I-Application
collection	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
is	O
also	O
part	O
of	O
Project	O
Nimbus	O
,	O
a	O
$1.2	O
billion	O
deal	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
technology	O
companies	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Amazon	B-Application
will	O
provide	O
Israel	O
and	O
its	O
military	O
with	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
services	O
,	O
including	O
building	O
local	O
cloud	B-Operating_System
sites	I-Operating_System
that	O
will	O
"	O
keep	O
information	O
within	O
Israel	O
's	O
borders	O
under	O
strict	O
security	O
guidelines.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Ariel	O
Koren	O
,	O
a	O
former	O
marketing	O
manager	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
educational	O
products	O
and	O
an	O
outspoken	O
critic	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
wrote	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
"	O
systematically	O
silences	O
Palestinian	O
,	O
Jewish	O
,	O
Arab	O
and	O
Muslim	O
voices	O
concerned	O
about	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
complicity	O
in	O
violations	O
of	O
Palestinian	O
human	O
rights	O
—	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
formally	O
retaliating	O
against	O
workers	O
and	O
creating	O
an	O
environment	O
of	O
fear	O
,	O
"	O
reflecting	O
her	O
view	O
that	O
the	O
ultimatum	O
came	O
in	O
retaliation	O
for	O
her	O
opposition	O
to	O
and	O
organization	O
against	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
18	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
Commission	O
fined	O
Google	B-Application
€4.34	O
billion	O
for	O
breaching	O
EU	O
antitrust	O
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
abuse	O
of	O
dominant	O
position	O
has	O
been	O
referred	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
constraint	O
applied	O
to	O
Android	B-Application
device	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
network	O
operators	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
traffic	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
goes	O
to	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
9	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
confirmed	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
appealed	O
the	O
fine	O
to	O
the	O
General	O
Court	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
8	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
a	O
class	O
action	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
filed	O
against	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Alphabet	O
due	O
to	O
"	O
non-public	O
"	O
Google+	B-Application
account	O
data	O
being	O
exposed	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
bug	O
that	O
allowed	O
app	O
developers	O
to	O
gain	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
private	O
information	O
of	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
20	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
Commission	O
imposed	O
a	O
€1.49	O
billion	O
(	O
$1.69	O
billion	O
)	O
fine	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
preventing	O
rivals	O
from	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
"	O
compete	O
and	O
innovate	O
fairly	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
online	O
advertising	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
European	O
Union	O
competition	O
commissioner	O
Margrethe	O
Vestager	O
said	O
Google	B-Application
had	O
violated	O
EU	O
antitrust	O
rules	O
by	O
"	O
imposing	O
anti-competitive	O
contractual	O
restrictions	O
on	O
third-party	O
websites	O
"	O
that	O
required	O
them	O
to	O
exclude	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
from	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
rivals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
14	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
lost	O
the	O
appeal	O
over	O
€4.125	O
bn	O
(	O
£3.5	O
bn	O
)	O
fine	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
ruled	O
to	O
be	O
paid	O
after	O
it	O
was	O
proved	O
by	O
the	O
European	O
Commission	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
forced	O
Android	O
phone-makers	O
to	O
carry	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
search	B-Application
and	O
web	O
browser	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
initial	O
accusations	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
changed	O
its	O
policy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
21	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
French	O
data	O
regulator	O
CNIL	O
imposed	O
a	O
record	O
€50	O
million	O
fine	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
breaching	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
's	O
General	O
Data	O
Protection	O
Regulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
judgment	O
claimed	O
Google	B-Application
had	O
failed	O
to	O
sufficiently	O
inform	O
users	O
of	O
its	O
methods	O
for	O
collecting	O
data	O
to	O
personalize	O
advertising	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
issued	O
a	O
statement	O
saying	O
it	O
was	O
"	O
deeply	O
committed	O
"	O
to	O
transparency	O
and	O
was	O
"	O
studying	O
the	O
decision	O
"	O
before	O
determining	O
its	O
response	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
6	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
France	O
's	O
data	O
privacy	B-Application
regulatory	O
body	O
CNIL	O
fined	O
Alphabet	O
's	O
Google	B-Application
150	O
million	O
euros	O
(	O
US$169	O
million	O
)	O
for	O
not	O
allowing	O
its	O
Internet	O
users	O
an	O
easy	O
refusal	O
of	O
Cookies	B-Application
along	O
with	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
After	O
U.S.	O
Congressional	O
hearings	O
in	O
July	O
2020	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
report	O
from	O
the	O
U.S.	O
House	O
of	O
Representatives	O
 '	O
Antitrust	O
Subcommittee	O
released	O
in	O
early	O
October	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Department	O
of	O
Justice	O
filed	O
an	O
antitrust	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
Google	B-Application
on	O
October	O
20	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
asserting	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
illegally	O
maintained	O
its	O
monopoly	B-Application
position	O
in	O
web	B-Application
search	I-Application
and	O
search	B-Application
advertising	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lawsuit	O
alleged	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
engaged	O
in	O
anticompetitive	O
behavior	O
by	O
paying	O
Apple	O
between	O
$8	O
billion-	O
$12	O
billion	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
default	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
on	O
iPhones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
that	O
month	O
,	O
both	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Alphabet	O
agreed	O
to	O
"	O
cooperate	O
and	O
assist	O
one	O
another	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
investigation	O
into	O
their	O
online	O
advertising	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
June	O
2020	O
,	O
a	O
$5	O
billion	O
class-action	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
filed	O
against	O
Google	B-Application
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
consumers	O
,	O
alleging	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Application
's	O
Incognito	O
browsing	O
mode	O
still	O
collects	O
their	O
user	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lawsuit	O
became	O
known	O
in	O
March	O
2021	O
when	O
a	O
federal	O
judge	O
denied	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
request	O
to	O
dismiss	O
the	O
case	O
,	O
ruling	O
that	O
they	O
must	O
face	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
charges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reuters	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
alleged	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
CEO	B-Application
Sundar	O
Pichai	O
sought	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
users	O
unaware	O
of	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
three	O
women	O
sued	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
accusing	O
the	O
company	O
of	O
violating	O
California	O
's	O
Equal	O
Pay	O
Act	O
by	O
underpaying	O
its	O
female	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lawsuit	O
cited	O
the	O
wage	O
gap	O
was	O
around	O
$	O
17,000	O
and	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
locked	O
women	O
into	O
lower	O
career	O
tracks	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
smaller	O
salaries	O
and	O
bonuses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2022	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
agreed	O
to	O
pay	O
a	O
$118	O
million	O
settlement	O
to	O
15,550	O
female	O
employees	O
working	O
in	O
California	O
since	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
settlement	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
also	O
agreed	O
to	O
hire	O
a	O
third	O
party	O
to	O
analyze	O
its	O
hiring	O
and	O
compensation	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
media	O
reports	O
about	O
PRISM	O
,	O
the	O
NSA	O
's	O
massive	O
electronic	O
surveillance	O
program	O
,	O
in	O
June	O
2013	O
,	O
several	O
technology	O
companies	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
participants	O
,	O
including	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
unnamed	O
sources	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
joined	O
the	O
PRISM	O
program	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
as	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
worked	O
with	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Department	O
of	O
Defense	O
on	O
drone	O
software	O
through	O
the	O
2017	O
Project	O
Maven	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
drone	O
strikes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
thousands	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
employees	O
,	O
including	O
senior	O
engineers	O
,	O
signed	O
a	O
letter	O
urging	O
Google	B-Application
CEO	B-Application
Sundar	O
Pichai	O
to	O
end	O
this	O
controversial	O
contract	O
with	O
the	O
Pentagon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
ultimately	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
renew	O
this	O
DoD	O
contract	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
set	O
to	O
expire	O
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
