<s>
Gnus	B-Operating_System
(	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
Network	I-Operating_System
User	I-Operating_System
Services	I-Operating_System
,	O
is	O
a	O
message	O
reader	O
which	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
reading	O
and	O
composing	O
both	O
e-mail	O
and	O
news	B-Application
and	O
can	O
also	O
act	O
as	O
an	O
RSS	O
reader	O
,	O
web	O
processor	O
,	O
and	O
directory	O
browser	O
for	O
both	O
local	O
and	O
remote	O
filesystems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnus	B-Operating_System
blurs	O
the	O
distinction	O
between	O
news	B-Application
and	O
e-mail	O
,	O
treating	O
them	O
both	O
as	O
"	O
articles	O
"	O
that	O
come	O
from	O
different	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
News	B-Application
articles	O
are	O
kept	O
separate	O
by	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
e-mail	O
can	O
be	O
split	O
into	O
arbitrary	O
groups	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
folders	O
in	O
other	O
mail	B-Protocol
readers	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
is	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
web-based	O
sources	O
as	O
inputs	O
for	O
its	O
groups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
searching	O
local	O
or	O
remote	O
indices	B-Application
of	O
emails	O
or	O
news	B-Application
items	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
integration	O
with	O
other	O
Emacs	B-Application
packages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
W3	O
web	O
browser	O
,	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
lookup	O
code	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
Emacs	B-Application
,	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
 '	O
features	O
can	O
be	O
extended	O
indefinitely	O
through	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
lisp	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
quote	O
the	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
Manual	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
You	O
know	O
that	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
gives	O
you	O
all	O
the	O
opportunity	O
you	O
'd	O
ever	O
want	O
for	O
shooting	O
yourself	O
in	O
the	O
foot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnus	B-Operating_System
is	O
also	O
customizable	O
to	O
a	O
great	O
extent	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
a	O
say	O
on	O
how	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
behaves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
newsreaders	B-Protocol
might	O
unconditionally	O
shoot	O
you	O
in	O
your	O
foot	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
,	O
you	O
have	O
a	O
choice	O
!	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
the	O
composition	O
of	O
HTML	O
email	O
messages	O
(	O
as	O
users	O
of	O
more	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
editors	I-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
included	O
by	O
default	O
;	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
this	O
"	O
ability	O
"	O
is	O
counted	O
as	O
a	O
feature	O
by	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
 '	O
traditional	O
user	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnus	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
rewrite	O
of	O
GNUS	B-Operating_System
by	O
Masanobu	O
Umeda	O
,	O
which	O
ceased	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
autumn	O
1994	O
,	O
Lars	O
Magne	O
Ingebrigtsen	O
started	O
the	O
rewrite	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
(	O
ding	O
)	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
recursive	O
acronym	O
for	O
ding	O
is	O
not	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
,	O
intending	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
version	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
interface	O
and	O
configuration	O
would	O
work	O
almost	O
exactly	O
the	O
same	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
internals	O
would	O
be	O
completely	O
revamped	O
and	O
improved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ingebrigtsen	O
is	O
also	O
programmer	O
of	O
eww	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
,	O
users	O
receive	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
bundled	O
with	O
their	O
copy	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
and	O
only	O
need	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
version	O
numbers	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
upgrade	O
to	O
newer	O
versions	O
themselves	O
instead	O
of	O
receiving	O
updates	O
through	O
Emacs	B-Application
or	O
their	O
operating	O
system	O
's	O
packaging	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnus	B-Operating_System
5.11	O
,	O
a	O
rebranded	O
5.10	O
bundled	O
with	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
22.1	O
(	O
June	O
2	O
,	O
2007	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
5.11	O
versions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
that	O
packaged	O
by	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
as	O
"	O
5.11	O
+	O
v0.10	O
"	O
,	O
are	O
actually	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
later	O
"	O
No	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
"	O
development	O
branch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
No	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
"	O
development	O
branch	O
began	O
January	O
4	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
wrapped	O
up	O
in	O
early	O
2012	O
,	O
with	O
version	O
0.19	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnus	B-Operating_System
5.14	O
,	O
Ma	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
(	O
or	O
真	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
current	O
development	O
version	O
,	O
v0.7	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
May	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
odd	O
minor	O
version	O
numbers	O
,	O
like	O
5.3	O
and	O
5.5	O
are	O
for	O
the	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
versions	O
bundled	O
with	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
5.5	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
5.4	O
,	O
but	O
bundled	O
with	O
Emacs	B-Application
20.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
is	O
done	O
using	O
"	O
named	O
versions	O
"	O
,	O
whose	O
first	O
letters	O
run	O
backwards	O
in	O
the	O
alphabet	O
;	O
"	O
No	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
"	O
v0.19	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
early	O
2012	O
,	O
and	O
development	O
transitioned	O
to	O
"	O
Ma	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
named	O
version	O
ever	O
reaches	O
1.0	O
,	O
instead	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
considered	O
stable	O
enough	O
for	O
general	O
release	O
,	O
it	O
sheds	O
its	O
name	O
and	O
gets	O
packaged	O
with	O
as	O
simply	O
"	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
<version number>	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Entering	O
the	O
"	O
V	O
"	O
command	O
in	O
the	O
Groups	O
buffer	O
of	O
a	O
running	O
copy	O
of	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
will	O
usually	O
cause	O
it	O
to	O
divulge	O
a	O
version	O
number	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
easy	O
way	O
for	O
an	O
end	O
user	O
to	O
know	O
if	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
"	O
No	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
0.9	O
"	O
is	O
older	O
or	O
newer	O
than	O
"	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
5.10.8	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
being	O
developed	O
separately	O
for	O
22	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
developer	O
of	O
Gnus	B-Operating_System
announced	O
that	O
further	O
development	O
would	O
take	O
place	O
inside	O
Gnu	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
 '	O
git	B-Application
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
side	O
effect	O
of	O
this	O
change	O
is	O
that	O
support	O
for	O
XEmacs	B-Language
and	O
older	O
versions	O
of	O
Gnu	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
will	O
be	O
dropped	O
.	O
</s>
