<s>
Gnash	B-Language
is	O
a	O
media	O
player	O
for	O
playing	O
SWF	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
is	O
available	O
both	O
as	O
a	O
standalone	O
player	O
for	O
desktop	O
computers	O
and	O
embedded	B-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
plugin	B-Protocol
for	O
the	O
browsers	B-Application
still	O
supporting	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
and	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
alternative	O
to	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
from	O
the	O
gameswf	B-Language
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
was	O
first	O
announced	O
in	O
late	O
2005	O
by	O
software	O
developer	O
John	O
Gilmore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
developer	O
's	O
web	O
site	O
for	O
Gnash	B-Language
is	O
located	O
on	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
's	O
GNU	B-Protocol
Savannah	I-Protocol
project	O
support	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
supports	O
most	O
SWF	O
v7	O
features	O
and	O
some	O
SWF	O
v8	O
and	O
v9	O
,	O
however	O
SWF	O
v10	O
is	O
not	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Writing	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
Flash	B-Operating_System
player	I-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
a	O
priority	O
of	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
for	O
some	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
Gnash	B-Language
,	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
had	O
asked	O
for	O
people	O
to	O
assist	O
the	O
GPLFlash	B-Language
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
GPLFlash	B-Language
developers	O
have	O
now	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
Gnash	B-Language
project	O
and	O
the	O
existing	O
GPLFlash	B-Language
codebase	O
will	O
be	O
refocused	O
towards	O
supporting	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
distribution	O
terms	O
for	O
Gnash	B-Language
are	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
GPL	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
since	O
Gnash	B-Language
was	O
started	O
using	O
the	O
codebase	O
of	O
the	O
gameswf	B-Language
project	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
domain	O
,	O
code	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Gnash	B-Language
project	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
gameswf	B-Language
is	O
placed	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
only	O
provides	O
an	O
outdated	O
version	O
(	O
11.2	O
)	O
of	O
its	O
official	O
player	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
on	O
IA-32	B-Device
and	O
an	O
AMD64	B-Device
developer	O
preview	O
release	O
in	O
a	O
binary-only	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
,	O
however	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
compiled	O
and	O
executed	O
on	O
many	O
architectures	O
,	O
including	O
x86	B-Operating_System
,	O
ARM	B-Architecture
,	O
MIPS	B-Device
,	O
and	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
supports	O
BSD-based	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
early	O
port	O
for	O
RISC	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
has	O
never	O
had	O
Macromedia/Adobe	O
Flash	O
support	O
beyond	O
Flash	O
3	O
,	O
does	O
exist	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
early	O
port	O
for	O
BeOS	B-Application
,	O
where	O
Flash	O
support	O
terminated	O
at	O
Version	O
4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
port	O
to	O
the	O
Haiku	B-Language
Operating	I-Language
System	I-Language
also	O
exists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
requires	O
one	O
of	O
AGG	B-Algorithm
,	O
Cairo	B-Language
,	O
or	O
OpenGL	B-Application
for	O
rendering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
most	O
GNU	B-Application
projects	I-Application
,	O
which	O
are	O
typically	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
Gnash	B-Language
is	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
C++	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
because	O
of	O
its	O
gameswf	B-Language
heritage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
can	O
play	O
SWF	O
files	O
up	O
to	O
version	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
80%	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
Gnash	B-Language
developers	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
compatible	O
as	O
possible	O
with	O
the	O
proprietary	O
player	O
(	O
including	O
behavior	O
on	O
bad	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
code	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Gnash	B-Language
offers	O
some	O
special	O
features	O
not	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
Adobe	O
player	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
possibility	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
classes	O
via	O
shared	O
libraries	O
:	O
sample	O
extensions	O
include	O
MySQL	O
support	O
,	O
file	O
system	O
access	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
supports	O
playback	O
of	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
videos	O
and	O
allows	O
playing	O
some	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
files	I-Operating_System
from	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
,	O
Myspace	B-Application
,	O
ShowMeDo	O
and	O
other	O
similar	O
websites	O
(	O
older	O
files	O
with	O
sound	O
–	O
newer	O
files	O
without	O
playing	O
sound	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLV	B-Operating_System
support	O
requires	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
or	O
GStreamer	B-Language
to	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
other	O
free-software	B-Application
programs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
MPlayer	B-Application
,	O
VLC	B-Application
media	I-Application
player	I-Application
or	O
players	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
ffdshow	B-Language
DirectShow	B-Library
codecs	O
can	O
play	O
back	O
the	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
format	O
if	O
the	O
file	O
is	O
specially	O
downloaded	O
or	O
piped	B-Operating_System
to	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rob	O
Savoye	O
announced	O
that	O
Gnash	B-Language
should	O
now	O
work	O
with	O
all	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
videos	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
0.8.8	O
has	O
GPU	O
support	O
,	O
which	O
pushed	O
it	O
ahead	O
of	O
the	O
proprietary	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
in	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
until	O
Flash	O
10.2	O
came	O
out	O
with	O
hardware	O
acceleration	O
built	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
still	O
suffers	O
from	O
high	O
CPU	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Flashblock	O
plugin	B-Protocol
can	O
be	O
installed	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
turning	O
on	O
the	O
Flash	O
support	O
on	O
a	O
case-by-case	O
,	O
as	O
needed	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
YouTube	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
controls	O
and	O
full	O
screen	O
mode	O
is	O
functioning	O
,	O
although	O
version	O
0.8.8	O
has	O
a	O
bug	O
that	O
can	O
cause	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
to	O
display	O
"	O
Invalid	O
parameters	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
popular	O
Flash	O
games	O
do	O
not	O
work	O
with	O
Gnash	B-Language
0.8.8	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cygnal	O
is	O
the	O
Gnash	B-Language
Project	O
's	O
Flash	O
Media	O
Server-compatible	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
handle	O
many	O
thousands	O
of	O
simultaneous	O
network	O
connection	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
running	O
on	O
large	O
Linux	B-Application
clusters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
patent	O
issues	O
surrounding	O
MP3	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
and	O
ON2	O
are	O
closed	O
formats	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
goals	O
of	O
this	O
project	O
is	O
to	O
support	O
free	O
codes	O
and	O
free	O
protocols	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
way	O
of	O
doing	O
things	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
an	O
optional	O
support	O
for	O
MP3	O
,	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
ON2	O
(	O
VP6	B-Algorithm
and	O
VP7	O
)	O
when	O
playing	O
existing	O
Flash	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
VP6	B-Algorithm
&	O
VP7	O
codecs	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
ffmpeg	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
ffmpeg	B-Library
plugin	B-Protocol
for	O
GStreamer	B-Language
0.10	O
to	O
use	O
these	O
proprietary	O
codecs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
has	O
successfully	O
run	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
Darwin	O
(	O
OS	O
X	O
)	O
,	O
Irix	O
,	O
Solaris	O
,	O
BeOs	B-Application
,	O
OS/2	O
,	O
and	O
Haiku	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
has	O
also	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
following	O
64-bit	B-Device
systems	I-Device
:	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
Itanium	O
,	O
UltraSparc	O
and	O
AMD64	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
has	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
the	O
plugin	B-Protocol
works	O
best	O
with	O
Firefox	B-Application
1.0.4	O
or	O
newer	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
work	O
in	O
any	O
Mozilla-based	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
newer	O
browsers	B-Application
the	O
plugin	B-Protocol
may	O
become	O
unstable	O
or	O
inoperative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
Gnash	B-Language
binaries	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
do	O
not	O
include	O
a	O
plugin	B-Protocol
and	O
currently	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
newer	O
working	O
Gnash	B-Language
plugin	B-Protocol
on	O
Windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
developers	O
have	O
never	O
installed	O
Adobe	O
's	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
player	I-Operating_System
,	O
because	O
they	O
fear	O
that	O
anyone	O
who	O
has	O
ever	O
installed	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
has	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
accepted	O
an	O
agreement	O
not	O
to	O
modify	O
or	O
reverse	O
engineer	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
Gnash	B-Language
project	O
has	O
only	O
about	O
6	O
active	O
developers	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
November	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
2	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Court	O
of	O
Justice	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
ruled	O
in	O
case	O
C-406/10	O
of	O
SAS	O
Institute	O
Inc	O
v	O
World	O
Programming	O
Ltd	O
that	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
a	O
computer	O
program	O
is	O
not	O
covered	O
by	O
copyright	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
and	O
that	O
contractual	O
provisions	O
are	O
null	O
and	O
void	O
if	O
they	O
forbid	O
observing	O
,	O
studying	O
and	O
testing	O
a	O
computer	O
program	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
reproduce	O
its	O
behavior	O
in	O
a	O
second	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
