<s>
Gmail	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	B-Protocol
email	I-Protocol
service	I-Protocol
provided	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
A	O
user	O
typically	O
accesses	O
Gmail	B-Application
in	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
or	O
the	O
official	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
also	O
supports	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
email	B-Protocol
clients	I-Protocol
via	O
the	O
POP	B-Protocol
and	O
IMAP	B-Protocol
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
its	O
launch	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
provided	O
a	O
storage	O
capacity	O
of	O
one	O
gigabyte	O
per	O
user	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
its	O
competitors	O
offered	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
the	O
service	O
comes	O
with	O
15	O
gigabytes	O
of	O
storage	O
for	O
free	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
divided	O
among	O
other	O
Google	B-Application
services	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Google	B-Algorithm
Photos	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
more	O
storage	O
can	O
purchase	O
Google	B-Application
One	I-Application
to	O
increase	O
this	O
15GB	O
limit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
send	O
larger	O
files	O
,	O
users	O
can	O
insert	O
files	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
into	O
the	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
has	O
a	O
search-oriented	O
interface	O
and	O
a	O
"	O
conversation	O
view	O
"	O
similar	O
to	O
an	O
Internet	B-Application
forum	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
service	O
is	O
notable	O
among	O
website	O
developers	O
for	O
its	O
early	O
adoption	O
of	O
Ajax	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
mail	O
servers	O
automatically	O
scan	O
emails	O
for	O
multiple	O
purposes	O
,	O
including	O
to	O
filter	O
spam	O
and	O
malware	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
add	O
context-sensitive	O
advertisements	O
next	O
to	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
advertising	O
practice	O
has	O
been	O
significantly	O
criticized	O
by	O
privacy	O
advocates	O
due	O
to	O
concerns	O
over	O
unlimited	O
data	O
retention	O
,	O
ease	O
of	O
monitoring	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
,	O
users	O
of	O
other	O
email	O
providers	O
not	O
having	O
agreed	O
to	O
the	O
policy	O
upon	O
sending	O
emails	O
to	O
Gmail	B-Application
addresses	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
change	O
its	O
policies	O
to	O
further	O
decrease	O
privacy	O
by	O
combining	O
information	O
with	O
other	O
Google	B-Application
data	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
stated	O
that	O
email	O
users	O
must	O
"	O
necessarily	O
expect	O
"	O
their	O
emails	O
to	O
be	O
subject	O
to	O
automated	O
processing	O
and	O
claims	O
that	O
the	O
service	O
refrains	O
from	O
displaying	O
ads	O
next	O
to	O
potentially	O
sensitive	O
messages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
mentioning	O
race	O
,	O
religion	O
,	O
sexual	O
orientation	O
,	O
health	O
,	O
or	O
financial	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
end	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
contextual	O
Gmail	B-Application
content	O
for	O
advertising	O
purposes	O
,	O
relying	O
instead	O
on	O
data	O
gathered	O
from	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
its	O
other	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
1	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
was	O
launched	O
with	O
one	O
gigabyte	O
(	O
GB	O
)	O
of	O
storage	O
space	O
,	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
amount	O
than	O
competitors	O
offered	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
1	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
anniversary	O
of	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
the	O
limit	O
was	O
doubled	O
to	O
two	O
gigabytes	O
of	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Georges	O
Harik	O
,	O
the	O
product	O
management	O
director	O
for	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
stated	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
would	O
"	O
keep	O
giving	O
people	O
more	O
space	O
forever.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
of	O
2007	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
increased	O
storage	O
to	O
4	O
gigabytes	O
,	O
after	O
recent	O
changes	O
from	O
competitors	O
Yahoo	B-Application
&	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
24	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
storage	O
included	O
in	O
Gmail	B-Application
from	O
7.5	O
to	O
10	O
gigabytes	O
(	O
"	O
and	O
counting	O
"	O
)	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
13	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
overall	O
merge	O
of	O
storage	O
across	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Google+	B-Application
Photos	O
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
15	O
gigabytes	O
of	O
included	O
storage	O
among	O
three	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
15	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
launched	O
Google	B-Application
One	I-Application
,	O
a	O
service	O
where	O
users	O
can	O
pay	O
for	O
additional	O
storage	O
,	O
shared	O
among	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
and	O
Google	B-Algorithm
Photos	I-Algorithm
,	O
through	O
a	O
monthly	O
subscription	O
plan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
storage	O
limits	O
to	O
individual	O
Gmail	B-Application
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
send	O
larger	O
files	O
,	O
users	O
can	O
insert	O
files	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
into	O
the	O
message	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Gmail	B-Application
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
initially	O
differed	O
from	O
other	O
web-mail	O
systems	O
with	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
search	B-Application
and	O
conversation	O
threading	O
of	O
emails	O
,	O
grouping	O
several	O
messages	O
between	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
people	O
onto	O
a	O
single	O
page	O
,	O
an	O
approach	O
that	O
was	O
later	O
copied	O
by	O
its	O
competitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
designer	O
,	O
Kevin	O
Fox	O
,	O
intended	O
users	O
to	O
feel	O
as	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
always	O
on	O
one	O
page	O
and	O
just	O
changing	O
things	O
on	O
that	O
page	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
having	O
to	O
navigate	O
to	O
other	O
places	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
interface	O
also	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
'	O
labels	O
 '	O
(	O
tags	O
)	O
–	O
that	O
replace	O
the	O
conventional	O
folders	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
more	O
flexible	O
method	O
of	O
organizing	O
emails	O
;	O
filters	O
for	O
automatically	O
organizing	O
,	O
deleting	O
or	O
forwarding	O
incoming	O
emails	O
to	O
other	O
addresses	O
;	O
and	O
importance	O
markers	O
for	O
automatically	O
marking	O
messages	O
as	O
'	O
important	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2011	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
rolling	O
out	O
a	O
redesign	O
of	O
its	O
interface	O
that	O
"	O
simplified	O
"	O
the	O
look	O
of	O
Gmail	B-Application
into	O
a	O
more	O
minimalist	B-Device
design	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
more	O
consistent	O
look	O
throughout	O
its	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
overall	O
Google	B-Application
design	O
change	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Majorly	O
redesigned	O
elements	O
included	O
a	O
streamlined	O
conversation	O
view	O
,	O
configurable	O
density	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
new	O
higher-quality	O
themes	O
,	O
a	O
resizable	O
navigation	O
bar	O
with	O
always-visible	O
labels	O
and	O
contacts	O
,	O
and	O
better	O
search	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
preview	O
the	O
new	O
interface	O
design	O
for	O
months	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
official	O
release	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
revert	O
to	O
the	O
old	O
interface	O
,	O
until	O
March	O
2012	O
,	O
when	O
Google	B-Application
discontinued	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
revert	O
and	O
completed	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
design	O
for	O
all	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
updated	O
the	O
Gmail	B-Application
inbox	O
with	O
tabs	O
which	O
allow	O
the	O
application	O
to	O
categorize	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
web	O
UI	O
for	O
Gmail	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
redesign	O
follows	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Material	B-Application
Design	I-Application
,	O
and	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
include	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Product	O
Sans	O
font	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
16	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
new	O
settings	O
for	O
smart	O
features	O
and	O
personalization	O
in	O
Gmail	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
new	O
settings	O
users	O
were	O
given	O
control	O
of	O
their	O
data	O
in	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
Chat	O
,	O
and	O
Meet	O
,	O
offering	O
smart	O
features	O
like	O
Smart	O
Compose	O
and	O
Smart	O
Reply	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
6	O
April	O
2021	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
rolled	O
out	O
Google	B-Application
Chat	I-Application
and	O
Room	O
(	O
early	O
access	O
)	O
feature	O
to	O
all	O
Gmail	B-Application
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
28	O
July	O
2022	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
rolled	O
out	O
Material	O
You	O
to	O
all	O
Gmail	B-Application
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
spam	O
filtering	O
features	O
a	O
community-driven	O
system	O
:	O
when	O
any	O
user	O
marks	O
an	O
email	O
as	O
spam	O
,	O
this	O
provides	O
information	O
to	O
help	O
the	O
system	O
identify	O
similar	O
future	O
messages	O
for	O
all	O
Gmail	B-Application
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Gmail	B-Application
Labs	O
feature	O
,	O
introduced	O
on	O
June	O
5	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
test	O
new	O
or	O
experimental	O
features	B-Application
of	I-Application
Gmail	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
Gmail	B-Application
engineers	O
to	O
obtain	O
user	O
input	O
about	O
new	O
features	O
to	O
improve	O
them	O
and	O
also	O
to	O
assess	O
their	O
popularity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Popular	O
features	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
"	O
Undo	O
Send	O
"	O
option	O
,	O
often	O
"	O
graduate	O
"	O
from	O
Gmail	B-Application
Labs	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
formal	O
setting	O
in	O
Gmail	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
incorporates	O
a	O
search	B-Application
bar	O
for	O
searching	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
search	B-Application
bar	O
can	O
also	O
search	B-Application
contacts	O
,	O
files	O
stored	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
,	O
events	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Calendar	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Google	B-Application
Sites	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2012	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
improved	O
the	O
search	B-Application
functionality	O
to	O
include	O
auto-complete	O
predictions	O
from	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
search	B-Application
functionality	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
searching	O
for	O
word	O
fragments	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
'	O
substring	O
search	B-Application
 '	O
or	O
partial	O
word	O
search	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
Gmail	B-Application
interface	O
supports	O
72	O
languages	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
Arabic	O
,	O
Basque	O
,	O
Bulgarian	O
,	O
Catalan	O
,	O
Chinese	O
(	O
simplified	O
)	O
,	O
Chinese	O
(	O
traditional	O
)	O
,	O
Croatian	O
,	O
Czech	O
,	O
Danish	O
,	O
Dutch	O
,	O
English	O
(	O
UK	O
)	O
,	O
English	O
(	O
US	O
)	O
,	O
Estonian	O
,	O
Finnish	O
,	O
French	O
,	O
German	O
,	O
Greek	O
,	O
Gujarati	O
,	O
Hebrew	O
,	O
Hindi	O
,	O
Hungarian	O
,	O
Icelandic	O
,	O
Indonesian	O
,	O
Italian	O
,	O
Japanese	O
,	O
Kannada	O
,	O
Korean	O
,	O
Latvian	O
,	O
Lithuanian	O
,	O
Malay	O
,	O
Malayalam	O
,	O
Marathi	O
,	O
Norwegian	O
(	O
Bokmål	O
)	O
,	O
Odia	O
,	O
Polish	O
,	O
Punjabi	O
,	O
Portuguese	O
(	O
Brazil	O
)	O
,	O
Portuguese	O
(	O
Portugal	O
)	O
,	O
Romanian	O
,	O
Russian	O
,	O
Serbian	O
,	O
Sinhala	O
,	O
Slovak	O
,	O
Slovenian	O
,	O
Spanish	O
,	O
Swedish	O
,	O
Tagalog	O
(	O
Filipino	O
)	O
,	O
Tamil	O
,	O
Telugu	O
,	O
Thai	O
,	O
Turkish	O
,	O
Ukrainian	O
,	O
Urdu	O
,	O
Vietnamese	O
,	O
Welsh	O
and	O
Zulu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
added	O
handwriting	O
input	O
support	O
to	O
Gmail	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2014	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
became	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
email	O
provider	O
to	O
let	O
users	O
send	O
and	O
receive	O
emails	O
from	O
addresses	O
with	O
accent	O
marks	O
and	O
letters	O
from	O
outside	O
the	O
Latin	O
alphabet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
"	O
basic	O
HTML	O
"	O
version	O
works	O
on	O
almost	O
all	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modern	O
AJAX	B-General_Concept
version	O
is	O
officially	O
supported	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
and	O
previous	O
major	O
releases	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
and	O
Safari	B-Application
web	I-Application
browsers	I-Application
on	O
a	O
rolling	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2011	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
Gmail	B-Application
Offline	O
,	O
an	O
HTML5-powered	O
app	O
for	O
providing	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
service	O
while	O
offline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
Offline	O
runs	O
on	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Chrome	B-Application
browser	I-Application
and	O
can	O
be	O
downloaded	O
from	O
the	O
Chrome	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
native	O
apps	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
users	O
can	O
access	O
Gmail	B-Application
through	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
on	O
a	O
mobile	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
has	O
native	O
applications	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
(	O
including	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
iPad	B-Device
,	O
and	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
)	O
and	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2014	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
functionality	O
in	O
the	O
Gmail	B-Application
Android	B-Application
app	O
that	O
enabled	O
sending	O
and	O
receiving	O
emails	O
from	O
non-Gmail	O
addresses	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Yahoo	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Mail	O
and	O
Outlook.com	B-Operating_System
)	O
through	O
POP	B-Protocol
or	O
IMAP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
redesigned	O
the	O
Gmail	B-Application
app	O
for	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
platform	O
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
first	O
complete	O
visual	O
overhaul	O
in	O
"	O
nearly	O
four	O
years	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
update	O
added	O
much	O
more	O
use	O
of	O
colors	O
,	O
sleeker	O
transitions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
several	O
"	O
highly-requested	O
"	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
Undo	O
Send	O
,	O
faster	O
search	B-Application
with	O
instant	O
results	O
and	O
spelling	O
suggestions	O
,	O
and	O
Swipe	O
to	O
Archive/Delete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
updated	O
Gmail	B-Application
on	O
Android	B-Application
to	O
feature	O
protection	O
from	O
phishing	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Media	O
outlets	O
noticed	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
protection	O
was	O
announced	O
amid	O
a	O
widespread	O
phishing	O
attack	O
on	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
Gmail	B-Application
and	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Docs	O
document	O
service	O
that	O
occurred	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
in	O
May	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
"	O
Smart	O
Reply	O
"	O
to	O
Gmail	B-Application
on	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Smart	O
Reply	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
feature	O
originally	O
launched	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Inbox	B-Protocol
by	I-Protocol
Gmail	I-Protocol
service	O
,	O
scans	O
a	O
message	O
for	O
information	O
and	O
uses	O
machine	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
to	O
offer	O
three	O
responses	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
optionally	O
edit	O
and	O
send	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inbox	B-Protocol
by	I-Protocol
Gmail	I-Protocol
,	O
another	O
app	O
from	O
the	O
Gmail	B-Application
team	O
,	O
was	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
programs	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
access	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
using	O
the	O
POP	B-Protocol
or	O
IMAP	B-Protocol
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
rolled	O
out	O
dark	O
mode	O
for	O
its	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
in	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2014	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
Inbox	B-Protocol
by	I-Protocol
Gmail	I-Protocol
on	O
an	O
invitation-only	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
by	O
the	O
Gmail	B-Application
team	O
,	O
but	O
serving	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
completely	O
different	O
type	O
of	O
inbox	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
service	O
is	O
made	O
to	O
help	O
users	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
challenges	O
of	O
an	O
active	O
email	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Citing	O
issues	O
such	O
as	O
distractions	O
,	O
difficulty	O
in	O
finding	O
important	O
information	O
buried	O
in	O
messages	O
,	O
and	O
receiving	O
more	O
emails	O
than	O
ever	O
,	O
Inbox	B-Protocol
by	I-Protocol
Gmail	I-Protocol
has	O
several	O
important	O
differences	O
from	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
including	O
bundles	O
that	O
automatically	O
sort	O
emails	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
topic	O
together	O
,	O
highlights	O
that	O
surface	O
key	O
information	O
from	O
messages	O
,	O
and	O
reminders	O
,	O
assists	O
,	O
and	O
snooze	O
,	O
that	O
help	O
the	O
user	O
in	O
handling	O
incoming	O
emails	O
at	O
appropriate	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inbox	B-Protocol
by	I-Protocol
Gmail	I-Protocol
became	O
publicly	O
available	O
in	O
May	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
it	O
would	O
end	O
the	O
service	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
March	O
2019	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
key	O
features	O
having	O
been	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
standard	O
Gmail	B-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
a	O
plugin	O
that	O
provides	O
integrated	O
telephone	O
service	O
within	O
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
Google	B-Application
Chat	I-Application
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
feature	O
initially	O
lacked	O
an	O
official	O
name	O
,	O
with	O
Google	B-Application
referring	O
to	O
it	O
as	O
both	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
Voice	O
in	O
Gmail	B-Application
chat	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Call	O
Phones	O
in	O
Gmail	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2014	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Voice	O
was	O
discontinued	O
,	O
and	O
replaced	O
with	O
functionality	O
from	O
Google	B-Protocol
Hangouts	I-Protocol
,	O
another	O
communication	O
platform	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
9	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
commenced	O
its	O
new	O
social	O
networking	O
tool	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Buzz	I-Application
,	O
which	O
integrated	O
with	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
share	O
links	O
and	O
media	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
status	O
updates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Buzz	I-Application
was	O
discontinued	O
in	O
October	O
2011	O
,	O
replaced	O
with	O
new	O
functionality	O
in	O
Google+	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
then-new	O
social	O
networking	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
was	O
integrated	O
with	O
Google+	B-Application
in	O
December	O
2011	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
have	O
all	O
Google	B-Application
information	O
across	O
one	O
Google	B-Application
account	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
centralized	O
Google+	B-Application
user	O
profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backlash	O
from	O
the	O
move	O
caused	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
step	O
back	O
and	O
remove	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
a	O
Google+	B-Application
user	O
account	O
,	O
keeping	O
only	O
a	O
private	O
Google	B-Application
account	O
without	O
a	O
public-facing	O
profile	O
,	O
starting	O
in	O
July	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
integration	O
between	O
Google	B-Application
Wallet	I-Application
and	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
which	O
would	O
allow	O
Gmail	B-Application
users	O
to	O
send	O
money	O
as	O
email	O
attachments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
sender	O
must	O
use	O
a	O
Gmail	B-Application
account	O
,	O
the	O
recipient	O
does	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
using	O
a	O
Gmail	B-Application
address	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
only	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
,	O
the	O
feature	O
was	O
expanded	O
to	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
app	O
in	O
March	O
2017	O
,	O
for	O
people	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
Google	B-Application
Trips	O
,	O
an	O
app	O
that	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
information	O
from	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
Gmail	B-Application
messages	O
,	O
automatically	O
generates	O
travel	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
Trips	O
received	O
an	O
update	O
adding	O
several	O
significant	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
now	O
also	O
scans	O
Gmail	B-Application
for	O
bus	O
and	O
train	O
tickets	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
manually	O
input	O
trip	O
reservations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
send	O
trip	O
details	O
to	O
other	O
users	O
 '	O
email	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
the	O
recipient	O
also	O
has	O
Google	B-Application
Trips	O
,	O
the	O
information	O
will	O
be	O
automatically	O
available	O
in	O
their	O
apps	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
supported	O
the	O
secure	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
since	O
the	O
day	O
it	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
beginning	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
default	O
on	O
the	O
login	O
page	O
,	O
a	O
reason	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
engineer	O
Ariel	O
Rideout	O
stated	O
was	O
because	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
made	O
"	O
your	O
mail	O
slower	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
users	O
could	O
manually	O
switch	O
to	O
secure	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
mode	O
inside	O
the	O
inbox	O
after	O
logging	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2008	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
simplified	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
manually	O
enable	O
secure	O
mode	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
toggle	O
in	O
the	O
settings	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
fixed	O
a	O
cross-site	O
scripting	O
security	O
issue	O
that	O
could	O
let	O
attackers	O
collect	O
information	O
from	O
Gmail	B-Application
contact	O
lists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
rolling	O
out	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
as	O
the	O
default	O
for	O
all	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2014	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
an	O
encrypted	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
connection	O
would	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
sending	O
and	O
receiving	O
of	O
all	O
Gmail	B-Application
emails	I-Application
,	O
and	O
"	O
every	O
single	O
email	O
message	O
you	O
send	O
or	O
receive	O
—	O
100%	O
of	O
them	O
—	O
is	O
encrypted	O
while	O
moving	O
internally	O
"	O
through	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whenever	O
possible	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
uses	O
transport	B-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
security	I-Protocol
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
to	O
automatically	O
encrypt	O
emails	O
sent	O
and	O
received	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
web	O
and	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
,	O
users	O
can	O
check	O
if	O
a	O
message	O
is	O
encrypted	O
by	O
checking	O
if	O
the	O
message	O
has	O
a	O
closed	O
or	O
open	O
red	O
padlock	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
automatically	O
scans	O
all	O
incoming	O
and	O
outgoing	O
e-mails	O
for	O
viruses	O
in	O
email	O
attachments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
had	O
applied	O
machine	O
learning	O
technology	O
to	O
identify	O
emails	O
with	O
phishing	O
and	O
spam	O
,	O
having	O
a	O
99.9	O
%	O
detection	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
also	O
announced	O
that	O
Gmail	B-Application
would	O
selectively	O
delay	O
some	O
messages	O
,	O
approximately	O
0.05	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
,	O
to	O
perform	O
more	O
detailed	O
analysis	O
and	O
aggregate	O
details	O
to	O
improve	O
its	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
started	O
adding	O
click-time	O
link	O
protection	O
by	O
redirecting	O
clicked	O
links	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
in	O
official	O
Gmail	B-Application
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Transparency	O
Report	O
under	O
the	O
Safer	O
email	O
section	O
,	O
it	O
provides	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
emails	O
encrypted	O
in	O
transit	O
between	O
Gmail	B-Application
and	O
third-party	O
email	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
supports	O
two-step	O
verification	O
,	O
an	O
optional	O
additional	O
measure	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
protect	O
their	O
accounts	O
when	O
logging	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Common	O
methods	O
include	O
entering	O
a	O
code	O
sent	O
to	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
mobile	O
phone	O
through	O
a	O
text	O
message	O
,	O
entering	O
a	O
code	O
using	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Authenticator	O
smartphone	B-Application
app	I-Application
,	O
responding	O
to	O
a	O
prompt	O
on	O
an	O
Android/iOS	O
device	O
or	O
by	O
inserting	O
a	O
physical	O
security	O
key	O
into	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
USB	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
an	O
algorithm	O
detects	O
what	O
Google	B-Application
calls	O
"	O
abnormal	O
usage	O
that	O
may	O
indicate	O
that	O
your	O
account	O
has	O
been	O
compromised	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
account	O
can	O
be	O
automatically	O
locked	O
down	O
for	O
between	O
one	O
minute	O
and	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
activity	O
detected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Receiving	O
,	O
deleting	O
,	O
or	O
downloading	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
mail	O
via	O
POP	B-Protocol
or	O
IMAP	B-Protocol
in	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
you	O
're	O
getting	O
the	O
error	O
message	O
,	O
'	O
Lockdown	O
in	O
Sector	O
4	O
,	O
'	O
you	O
should	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
access	O
Gmail	B-Application
again	O
after	O
waiting	O
24	O
hours.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Using	O
file-sharing	O
or	O
file-storage	O
software	O
,	O
browser	B-Application
extensions	O
,	O
or	O
third-party	O
software	O
that	O
automatically	O
logs	O
into	O
your	O
account.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Leaving	O
multiple	O
instances	O
of	O
Gmail	B-Application
open.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Browser-related	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Please	O
note	O
that	O
if	O
you	O
find	O
your	O
browser	B-Application
continually	O
reloading	O
while	O
attempting	O
to	O
access	O
your	O
Inbox	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
probably	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
issue	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
necessary	O
to	O
clear	O
your	O
browser	B-Application
's	O
cache	O
and	O
cookies.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
combats	O
child	O
pornography	O
through	O
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
servers	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
National	O
Center	O
for	O
Missing	O
&	O
Exploited	O
Children	O
(	O
NCMEC	O
)	O
to	O
find	O
children	O
suffering	O
abuse	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
collaboration	O
with	O
the	O
NCMEC	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
creates	O
a	O
database	O
of	O
child	O
pornography	O
pictures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
images	O
is	O
given	O
a	O
unique	O
numerical	O
number	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
hash	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
then	O
scans	O
Gmail	B-Application
looking	O
for	O
the	O
unique	O
hashes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
suspicious	O
images	O
are	O
located	O
Google	B-Application
reports	O
the	O
incident	O
to	O
the	O
appropriate	O
national	O
authorities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
for	O
Gmail	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Paul	O
Buchheit	O
several	O
years	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
early	O
development	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
kept	O
secret	O
from	O
most	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
own	O
engineers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
was	O
announced	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
on	O
April	O
1	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
limited	O
beta	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
offering	O
a	O
Java-based	O
application	O
of	O
Gmail	B-Application
for	O
mobile	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2007	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
began	O
a	O
process	O
of	O
rewriting	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
that	O
Gmail	B-Application
used	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
make	O
the	O
service	O
faster	O
and	O
add	O
new	O
features	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
custom	O
keyboard	O
shortcuts	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
bookmark	O
specific	O
messages	O
and	O
email	O
searches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
also	O
added	O
IMAP	B-Protocol
support	O
in	O
October	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
update	O
around	O
January	O
2008	O
changed	O
elements	O
of	O
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
use	O
of	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
a	O
third-party	O
script	O
some	O
users	O
had	O
been	O
using	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
acknowledged	O
the	O
issue	O
and	O
helped	O
users	O
with	O
workarounds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
exited	O
the	O
beta	O
status	O
on	O
July	O
7	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
changed	O
in	O
December	O
2013	O
,	O
when	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
citing	O
improved	O
image	O
handling	O
,	O
enabled	O
images	O
to	O
be	O
visible	O
without	O
user	O
approval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Images	O
are	O
now	O
routed	O
through	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
secure	O
proxy	O
servers	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
external	O
host	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MarketingLand	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
change	O
to	O
image	O
handling	O
means	O
email	O
marketers	O
will	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
track	O
the	O
recipient	O
's	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
or	O
information	O
about	O
what	O
kind	O
of	O
device	O
the	O
recipient	O
is	O
using	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
Gmail	B-Application
had	O
425	O
million	O
active	O
users	O
globally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
Gmail	B-Application
had	O
900	O
million	O
active	O
users	O
,	O
75%	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
using	O
the	O
service	O
on	O
mobile	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
Gmail	B-Application
had	O
passed	O
1	O
billion	O
active	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
Gmail	B-Application
had	O
passed	O
1.2	O
billion	O
active	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
business	O
sector	O
,	O
Quartz	O
reported	O
in	O
August	O
2014	O
that	O
,	O
among	O
150	O
companies	O
checked	O
in	O
three	O
major	O
categories	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
Fortune	O
50	O
largest	O
companies	O
,	O
mid-size	O
tech	O
and	O
media	O
companies	O
,	O
and	O
startup	O
companies	O
from	O
the	O
last	O
Y	O
Combinator	O
incubator	O
class	O
)	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
Fortune	O
50	O
company	O
used	O
Gmail	B-Application
–	O
Google	B-Application
itself	O
–	O
while	O
60%	O
of	O
mid-sized	O
companies	O
and	O
92%	O
of	O
startup	O
companies	O
were	O
using	O
Gmail	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2014	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
became	O
the	O
first	O
app	O
on	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Play	O
Store	O
to	O
hit	O
one	O
billion	O
installations	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
the	O
website	O
of	O
product	O
and	O
graphic	O
design	O
from	O
Gamil	O
Design	O
in	O
Raleigh	O
,	O
North	O
Carolina	O
,	O
received	O
3,000	O
hits	O
per	O
month	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Google	B-Application
engineer	O
who	O
had	O
accidentally	O
gone	O
to	O
the	O
Gamil	O
site	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
times	O
contacted	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
asked	O
if	O
the	O
site	O
had	O
experienced	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
traffic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
with	O
600,000	O
hits	O
per	O
month	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	O
service	O
provider	O
wanted	O
to	O
charge	O
more	O
,	O
and	O
Gamil	O
posted	O
the	O
message	O
on	O
its	O
site	O
"	O
You	O
may	O
have	O
arrived	O
here	O
by	O
misspelling	O
Gmail	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
part	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Workspace	I-Application
(	O
formerly	O
G	B-Application
Suite	I-Application
)	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
business-focused	O
offering	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
comes	O
with	O
additional	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
is	O
noted	O
by	O
web	O
developers	O
for	O
its	O
early	O
adoption	O
of	O
Ajax	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
was	O
ranked	O
second	O
in	O
PC	O
World'''s	O
"	O
100	O
Best	O
Products	O
of	O
2005	O
"	O
,	O
behind	O
Firefox	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
also	O
won	O
'	O
Honorable	O
Mention	O
 '	O
in	O
the	O
Bottom	O
Line	O
Design	O
Awards	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2006	O
,	O
Forbes	O
declared	O
Gmail	B-Application
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
webmail	B-Protocol
application	O
for	O
small	O
businesses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
received	O
PC	O
World	O
's	O
4-star	O
rating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
one	O
privacy	O
policy	O
that	O
covers	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
claims	O
that	O
they	O
"	O
will	O
not	O
target	O
ads	O
based	O
on	O
sensitive	O
information	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
race	O
,	O
religion	O
,	O
sexual	O
orientation	O
,	O
health	O
,	O
or	O
sensitive	O
financial	O
categories.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
mail	O
servers	O
automatically	O
scan	O
emails	O
for	O
multiple	O
purposes	O
,	O
including	O
filtering	O
spam	O
and	O
malware	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
until	O
2017	O
)	O
adding	O
context-sensitive	O
advertisements	O
next	O
to	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Privacy	O
advocates	O
raised	O
concerns	O
about	O
this	O
practice	O
;	O
concerns	O
included	O
that	O
allowing	O
email	O
content	O
to	O
be	O
read	O
by	O
a	O
machine	O
(	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
a	O
person	O
)	O
can	O
allow	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
keep	O
unlimited	O
amounts	O
of	O
information	O
forever	O
;	O
the	O
automated	O
background	O
scanning	O
of	O
data	O
raises	O
the	O
risk	O
that	O
the	O
expectation	O
of	O
privacy	O
in	O
email	O
usage	O
will	O
be	O
reduced	O
or	O
eroded	O
;	O
information	O
collected	O
from	O
emails	O
could	O
be	O
retained	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
years	O
after	O
its	O
current	O
relevancy	O
to	O
build	O
complete	O
profiles	O
on	O
users	O
;	O
emails	O
sent	O
by	O
users	O
from	O
other	O
email	O
providers	O
get	O
scanned	O
despite	O
never	O
having	O
agreed	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
privacy	O
policy	O
or	O
terms	O
of	O
service	O
;	O
Google	B-Application
can	O
change	O
its	O
privacy	O
policy	O
unilaterally	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
minor	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
policy	O
it	O
can	O
do	O
so	O
without	O
informing	O
users	O
;	O
in	O
court	O
cases	O
,	O
governments	O
and	O
organizations	O
can	O
potentially	O
find	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
legally	O
monitor	O
email	O
communications	O
;	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
can	O
change	O
its	O
current	O
company	O
policies	O
to	O
allow	O
combining	O
information	O
from	O
emails	O
with	O
data	O
gathered	O
from	O
use	O
of	O
its	O
other	O
services	O
;	O
and	O
any	O
internal	O
security	O
problem	O
on	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
systems	O
can	O
potentially	O
expose	O
many	O
–	O
or	O
all	O
–	O
of	O
its	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
thirty-one	O
privacy	O
and	O
civil	O
liberties	O
organizations	O
wrote	O
a	O
letter	O
calling	O
upon	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
suspend	O
its	O
Gmail	B-Application
service	O
until	O
the	O
privacy	O
issues	O
were	O
adequately	O
addressed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
letter	O
also	O
called	O
upon	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
clarify	O
its	O
written	O
information	O
policies	O
regarding	O
data	O
retention	O
and	O
data	O
sharing	O
among	O
its	O
business	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
organizations	O
also	O
voiced	O
their	O
concerns	O
about	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
plan	O
to	O
scan	O
the	O
text	O
of	O
all	O
incoming	O
messages	O
for	O
the	O
purposes	O
of	O
ad	O
placement	O
,	O
noting	O
that	O
the	O
scanning	O
of	O
confidential	O
email	O
for	O
inserting	O
third-party	O
ad	O
content	O
violates	O
the	O
implicit	O
trust	O
of	O
an	O
email	O
service	O
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
23	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
,	O
later	O
in	O
2017	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
phase	O
out	O
the	O
scanning	O
of	O
email	O
content	O
to	O
generate	O
contextual	O
advertising	O
,	O
relying	O
on	O
personal	O
data	O
collected	O
through	O
other	O
Google	B-Application
services	I-Application
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
stated	O
that	O
this	O
change	O
was	O
meant	O
to	O
clarify	O
its	O
practices	O
and	O
quell	O
concerns	O
among	O
enterprise	O
G	B-Application
Suite	I-Application
(	O
now	O
Google	B-Application
Workspace	I-Application
)	O
customers	O
who	O
felt	O
an	O
ambiguous	O
distinction	O
between	O
the	O
free	O
consumer	O
and	O
paid	O
professional	O
variants	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
being	O
advertising-free	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2011	O
,	O
a	O
former	O
Gmail	B-Application
user	O
in	O
Texas	O
sued	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
its	O
Gmail	B-Application
service	O
violates	O
users	O
 '	O
privacy	O
by	O
scanning	O
e-mail	O
messages	O
to	O
serve	O
relevant	O
ads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2012	O
,	O
some	O
California	O
residents	O
filed	O
two	O
class	O
action	O
lawsuits	O
against	O
Google	B-Application
and	O
Yahoo	O
!,	O
claiming	O
that	O
they	O
illegally	O
intercept	O
emails	O
sent	O
by	O
individual	O
non-Gmail	O
or	O
non-Yahoo	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
email	O
users	O
to	O
Gmail	B-Application
and	O
Yahoo	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
A	O
motion	O
filed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
attorneys	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
concedes	O
that	O
Gmail	B-Application
users	O
have	O
"	O
no	O
expectation	O
of	O
privacy	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
court	O
filing	O
uncovered	O
by	O
advocacy	O
group	O
Consumer	O
Watchdog	O
in	O
August	O
2013	O
revealed	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
stated	O
in	O
a	O
court	O
filing	O
that	O
no	O
"	O
reasonable	O
expectation	O
"	O
exists	O
among	O
Gmail	B-Application
users	O
in	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
assured	O
confidentiality	O
of	O
their	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
filed	O
in	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
explained	O
:	O
"	O
...	O
all	O
users	O
of	O
email	O
must	O
necessarily	O
expect	O
that	O
their	O
emails	O
will	O
be	O
subject	O
to	O
automated	O
processing	O
...	O
Just	O
as	O
a	O
sender	O
of	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
a	O
business	O
colleague	O
cannot	O
be	O
surprised	O
that	O
the	O
recipient	O
's	O
assistant	O
opens	O
the	O
letter	O
,	O
people	O
who	O
use	O
web-based	B-Protocol
email	I-Protocol
today	O
cannot	O
be	O
surprised	O
if	O
their	O
communications	O
are	O
processed	O
by	O
the	O
recipient	O
's	O
ECS	O
[	O
electronic	O
communications	O
service ]	O
provider	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
delivery.A	O
Google	B-Application
spokesperson	O
stated	O
to	O
the	O
media	O
on	O
August	O
15	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
that	O
the	O
corporation	O
takes	O
the	O
privacy	O
and	O
security	O
concerns	O
of	O
Gmail	B-Application
users	O
"	O
very	O
seriously.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
updated	O
its	O
terms	O
of	O
service	O
for	O
Gmail	B-Application
in	O
April	O
2014	O
to	O
create	O
full	O
transparency	O
for	O
its	O
users	O
in	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
scanning	O
of	O
email	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
relevant	O
revision	O
states	O
:	O
"	O
Our	O
automated	O
systems	O
analyse	O
your	O
content	O
(	O
including	O
emails	O
)	O
to	O
provide	O
you	O
personally	O
relevant	O
product	O
features	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
customised	O
search	B-Application
results	I-Application
,	O
tailored	O
advertising	O
,	O
and	O
spam	O
and	O
malware	O
detection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Google	B-Application
spokesperson	O
explained	O
that	O
the	O
corporation	O
wishes	O
for	O
its	O
policies	O
"	O
to	O
be	O
simple	O
and	O
easy	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
understand.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
update	O
,	O
Jim	O
Killock	O
,	O
executive	O
director	O
of	O
the	O
Open	O
Rights	O
Group	O
,	O
stated	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
really	O
dangerous	O
things	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
is	O
doing	O
are	O
things	O
like	O
the	O
information	O
held	O
in	O
Analytics	O
,	O
cookies	O
in	O
advertising	O
and	O
the	O
profiling	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
do	O
on	O
individual	O
accounts	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
launched	O
an	O
advertising	O
campaign	O
to	O
attack	O
Google	B-Application
for	O
scanning	O
email	O
messages	O
,	O
arguing	O
that	O
most	O
consumers	O
are	O
not	O
aware	O
that	O
Google	B-Application
monitors	O
their	O
personal	O
messages	O
to	O
deliver	O
targeted	O
ads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
claims	O
that	O
its	O
email	O
service	O
Outlook	O
does	O
not	O
scan	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
messages	O
and	O
a	O
Microsoft	O
spokesperson	O
called	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
privacy	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
kryptonite.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
stated	O
;	O
"	O
We	O
work	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
ads	O
are	O
safe	O
,	O
unobtrusive	O
and	O
relevant	O
...	O
No	O
humans	O
read	O
your	O
e-mail	O
or	O
Google	B-Application
Account	O
information	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
show	O
you	O
advertisements	O
or	O
related	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
automated	O
algorithm	O
—	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
used	O
for	O
features	O
like	O
Priority	O
Inbox	O
or	O
spam	O
filtering	O
—	O
determines	O
which	O
ads	O
are	O
shown.	O
”	O
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
cites	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
supporters	O
"	O
,	O
who	O
say	O
that	O
"	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
ads	O
are	O
distasteful	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
resort	O
of	O
a	O
company	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
unsuccessful	O
at	O
competing	O
against	O
Google	B-Application
on	O
the	O
more	O
noble	O
battleground	O
of	O
products	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2010	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
detected	O
a	O
"	O
highly	O
sophisticated	O
"	O
cyberattack	O
on	O
its	O
infrastructure	O
that	O
originated	O
from	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
targets	O
of	O
the	O
attack	O
were	O
Chinese	O
human	O
rights	O
activists	O
,	O
but	O
Google	B-Application
discovered	O
that	O
accounts	O
belonging	O
to	O
European	O
,	O
American	O
and	O
Chinese	O
activists	O
for	O
human	O
rights	O
in	O
China	O
had	O
been	O
"	O
routinely	O
accessed	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
stated	O
that	O
their	O
investigation	O
revealed	O
that	O
"	O
at	O
least	O
"	O
20	O
other	O
large	O
companies	O
from	O
a	O
"	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
businesses	O
"	O
-	O
including	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
finance	O
,	O
technology	O
,	O
media	O
and	O
chemical	O
sectors	O
–	O
had	O
been	O
similarly	O
targeted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
was	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
notifying	O
those	O
companies	O
and	O
it	O
had	O
also	O
worked	O
with	O
relevant	O
US	O
authorities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
attacks	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
enhanced	O
the	O
security	O
and	O
architecture	O
of	O
its	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
and	O
advised	O
individual	O
users	O
to	O
install	O
anti-virus	O
and	O
anti-spyware	O
on	O
their	O
computers	O
,	O
update	O
their	O
operating	O
systems	O
and	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
and	O
be	O
cautious	O
when	O
clicking	O
on	O
Internet	O
links	O
or	O
when	O
sharing	O
personal	O
information	O
in	O
instant	O
messages	O
and	O
emails	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
February	O
2010	O
launch	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Buzz	I-Application
,	O
a	O
former	O
social	O
network	O
that	O
was	O
linked	O
to	O
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
immediately	O
drew	O
criticism	O
for	O
publicly	O
sharing	O
details	O
of	O
users	O
 '	O
contacts	O
unless	O
the	O
default	O
settings	O
were	O
changed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
Gmail	B-Application
feature	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
January	O
2014	O
,	O
whereby	O
users	O
can	O
email	O
people	O
with	O
Google+	B-Application
accounts	O
even	O
though	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
know	O
the	O
email	O
address	O
of	O
the	O
recipient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marc	O
Rotenberg	O
,	O
President	O
of	O
the	O
Electronic	O
Privacy	O
Information	O
Center	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
feature	O
"	O
troubling	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
it	O
to	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Buzz	O
initial	O
launch	O
privacy	O
flaw	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2016	O
,	O
Julia	O
Angwin	O
of	O
ProPublica	O
wrote	O
about	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
updated	O
privacy	O
policy	O
,	O
which	O
deleted	O
a	O
clause	O
that	O
had	O
stated	O
Google	B-Application
would	O
not	O
combine	O
DoubleClick	O
web	O
browsing	O
cookie	O
information	O
with	O
personally	O
identifiable	O
information	O
from	O
its	O
other	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
change	O
has	O
allowed	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
merge	O
users	O
 '	O
personally	O
identifiable	O
information	O
from	O
different	O
Google	B-Application
services	I-Application
to	O
create	O
one	O
unified	O
ad	O
profile	O
for	O
each	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
publication	O
of	O
the	O
article	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
reached	O
out	O
to	O
ProPublica	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
merge	O
would	O
not	O
include	O
Gmail	B-Application
keywords	O
in	O
ad	O
targeting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
suffered	O
at	O
least	O
seven	O
outages	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
causing	O
doubts	O
about	O
the	O
reliability	O
of	O
its	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
suffered	O
a	O
new	O
outage	O
on	O
February	O
28	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
bug	O
caused	O
Gmail	B-Application
accounts	O
to	O
seem	O
empty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
stated	O
in	O
a	O
blog	O
post	O
that	O
"	O
email	O
was	O
never	O
lost	O
"	O
and	O
restoration	O
was	O
in	O
progress	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
has	O
stated	O
that	O
"	O
Gmail	B-Application
remains	O
more	O
than	O
99.9	O
%	O
available	O
to	O
all	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
committed	O
to	O
keeping	O
events	O
like	O
[	O
the	O
2009	O
outage ]	O
notable	O
for	O
their	O
rarity.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2009	O
,	O
Farhad	O
Manjoo	O
wrote	O
on	O
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times''	O
blog	O
about	O
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
"	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
"	O
tag	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manjoo	O
explained	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
problems	O
is	O
,	O
when	O
you	O
try	O
to	O
send	O
outbound	O
mail	O
from	O
your	O
Gmail	B-Application
universal	O
inbox	O
,	O
Gmail	B-Application
adds	O
a	O
tag	O
telling	O
your	O
recipients	O
that	O
you	O
're	O
actually	O
using	O
Gmail	B-Application
and	O
not	O
your	O
office	O
e-mail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
your	O
recipient	O
is	O
using	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Outlook	I-Application
,	O
he	O
'll	O
see	O
a	O
message	O
like	O
,	O
'	O
From	O
youroffice@domain.com	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
yourgmail@gmail.com	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manjoo	O
further	O
wrote	O
that	O
"	O
Google	B-Application
explains	O
that	O
it	O
adds	O
the	O
tag	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
prevent	O
your	O
e-mail	O
from	O
being	O
considered	O
spam	O
by	O
your	O
recipient	O
;	O
the	O
theory	O
is	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
e-mail	O
is	O
honest	O
about	O
its	O
origins	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
n't	O
arouse	O
suspicion	O
by	O
spam	O
checking	O
software	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
July	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
a	O
new	O
option	O
that	O
would	O
remove	O
the	O
"	O
On	O
behalf	O
of	O
"	O
tag	O
,	O
by	O
sending	O
the	O
email	O
from	O
the	O
server	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
email	O
address	O
instead	O
of	O
using	O
Gmail	B-Application
's	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
