<s>
The	O
following	O
are	O
common	O
definitions	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1394	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
FireWire	B-Protocol
is	O
Apple	O
Inc.	O
'	O
s	O
brand	O
name	O
for	O
the	O
IEEE	B-Protocol
1394	I-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
i.Link	B-Protocol
(	O
Sony	O
's	O
name	O
)	O
or	O
IEEE	B-Protocol
1394	I-Protocol
(	O
although	O
the	O
1394	B-Protocol
standard	O
also	O
defines	O
a	O
backplane	O
interface	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
these	O
differences	O
,	O
3D	O
computer	O
graphics	O
rely	O
on	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
algorithms	O
as	O
2D	O
computer	O
vector	O
graphics	O
in	O
the	O
wire	B-Algorithm
frame	I-Algorithm
model	I-Algorithm
and	O
2D	O
computer	O
raster	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
final	O
rendered	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3D	B-Algorithm
scanner	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
term	O
is	O
mainly	O
used	O
in	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aperture	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
context	O
of	O
photography	O
or	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
,	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
refers	O
to	O
the	O
diameter	O
of	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
stop	O
of	O
a	O
photographic	O
lens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
stop	O
can	O
be	O
adjusted	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
light	O
reaching	O
the	O
film	O
or	O
image	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blob	B-General_Concept
discovery	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inspecting	O
an	O
image	O
for	O
discrete	O
blobs	O
of	O
connected	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
raster	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
image	O
,	O
digital	O
image	O
,	O
or	O
bitmap	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
data	O
file	O
or	O
structure	O
representing	O
a	O
generally	O
rectangular	O
grid	O
of	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
points	O
of	O
color	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
monitor	O
,	O
paper	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
display	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Camera	B-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Camera	B-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
is	O
a	O
serial	O
communication	O
protocol	O
designed	O
for	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
applications	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
National	O
Semiconductor	O
interface	O
Channel-link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
standardizing	O
scientific	O
and	O
industrial	O
video	O
products	O
including	O
cameras	O
,	O
cables	O
and	O
frame	B-Device
grabbers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standard	O
is	O
maintained	O
and	O
administered	O
by	O
the	O
Automated	O
Imaging	O
Association	O
,	O
or	O
AIA	O
,	O
the	O
global	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
industry	O
's	O
trade	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Charge-coupled	B-Algorithm
device	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
charge-coupled	B-Algorithm
device	I-Algorithm
(	O
CCD	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
sensor	O
for	O
recording	O
images	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
an	O
integrated	O
circuit	O
containing	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
linked	O
,	O
or	O
coupled	O
,	O
capacitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CCD	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
and	O
cameras	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
sensitive	O
,	O
less	O
noisy	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
expensive	O
than	O
CMOS	B-Device
sensors	O
and	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CIE	O
1931	O
Color	B-Algorithm
Space	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
perception	O
of	O
color	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
mathematically	O
defined	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
was	O
the	O
CIE	O
XYZ	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
CIE	O
1931	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
International	O
Commission	O
on	O
Illumination	O
(	O
CIE	O
)	O
in	O
1931	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CMOS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
CMOS	B-Device
(	O
"	O
see-moss	O
"	O
)	O
stands	O
for	O
complementary	O
metal-oxide	O
semiconductor	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
class	O
of	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CMOS	B-Device
imaging	O
sensors	O
for	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
are	O
cheaper	O
than	O
CCD	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
but	O
more	O
noisy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CoaXPress	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
CoaXPress	B-Device
(	O
CXP	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
asymmetric	O
high	O
speed	O
serial	O
communication	O
standard	O
over	O
coaxial	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CoaXPress	B-Device
combines	O
high	O
speed	O
image	O
data	O
,	O
low	O
speed	O
camera	O
control	O
and	O
power	O
over	O
a	O
single	O
coaxial	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
C-Mount	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
C-Mount	B-Algorithm
lenses	O
have	O
a	O
back	O
focal	O
distance	O
17.5mm	O
vs.	O
12.5mm	O
for	O
"	O
CS-mount	O
"	O
lenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
C-Mount	B-Algorithm
lens	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
a	O
CS-Mount	O
camera	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
5mm	O
extension	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C-mount	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
1	O
"	O
diameter	O
,	O
32	O
threads	O
per	O
inch	O
mounting	O
thread	O
(	O
1	O
"	O
-32UN-2A	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Same	O
as	O
C-Mount	B-Algorithm
but	O
the	O
focal	O
point	O
is	O
5mm	O
shorter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
CS-Mount	O
lens	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
on	O
a	O
C-Mount	B-Algorithm
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
optics	B-Algorithm
,	O
particularly	O
photography	O
and	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
depth	O
of	O
field	O
(	O
DOF	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
distance	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
and	O
behind	O
the	O
subject	O
which	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
focus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
optics	B-Algorithm
,	O
a	O
diaphragm	O
is	O
a	O
thin	O
opaque	O
structure	O
with	O
an	O
opening	O
(	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
)	O
at	O
its	O
centre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
diaphragm	O
is	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
passage	O
of	O
light	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
light	O
passing	O
through	O
the	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Edge	B-Algorithm
detection	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
FireWire	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
FireWire	B-Protocol
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
i	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Link	O
or	O
IEEE	B-Protocol
1394	I-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
personal	O
computer	O
(	O
and	O
digital	O
audio/video	O
)	O
serial	O
bus	O
interface	O
standard	O
,	O
offering	O
high-speed	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fixed-pattern	B-Algorithm
noise	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frame	B-Device
grabber	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fringe	B-Algorithm
Projection	I-Algorithm
Technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
(	O
FOV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
part	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
by	O
the	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
system	O
at	O
one	O
moment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
grayscale	O
digital	O
image	O
is	O
an	O
image	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
single	O
sample	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GUI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
or	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
sometimes	O
pronounced	O
"	O
gooey	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
interacting	O
with	O
a	O
computer	O
through	O
a	O
metaphor	O
of	O
direct	O
manipulation	O
of	O
graphical	O
images	O
and	O
widgets	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Histogram	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
statistics	O
,	O
a	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
graphical	O
display	O
of	O
tabulated	O
frequencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
graphical	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
table	O
which	O
shows	O
what	O
proportion	O
of	O
cases	O
fall	O
into	O
each	O
of	O
several	O
or	O
many	O
specified	O
categories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
differs	O
from	O
a	O
bar	B-Application
chart	I-Application
in	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
bar	O
that	O
denotes	O
the	O
value	O
,	O
not	O
the	O
height	O
,	O
a	O
crucial	O
distinction	O
when	O
the	O
categories	O
are	O
not	O
of	O
uniform	O
width	O
(	O
Lancaster	O
,	O
1974	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Histogram	B-Algorithm
(	O
Color	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
computer	O
graphics	O
and	O
photography	O
,	O
a	O
color	B-General_Concept
histogram	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
representation	O
of	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
colors	O
in	O
an	O
image	O
,	O
derived	O
by	O
counting	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
of	O
each	O
of	O
given	O
set	O
of	O
color	O
ranges	O
in	O
a	O
typically	O
two-dimensional	O
(	O
2D	O
)	O
or	O
three-dimensional	O
(	O
3D	O
)	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
standard	O
statistical	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
distribution	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
occurrence	O
frequencies	O
of	O
different	O
event	O
classes	O
;	O
for	O
color	O
,	O
the	O
event	O
classes	O
are	O
regions	O
in	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
HSV	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HSV	O
(	O
Hue	O
,	O
Saturation	O
,	O
Value	O
)	O
model	O
,	O
also	O
called	O
HSB	O
(	O
Hue	O
,	O
Saturation	O
,	O
Brightness	O
)	O
,	O
defines	O
a	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
in	O
terms	O
of	O
three	O
constituent	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Image	O
files	O
are	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
either	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
or	O
vector	O
(	O
geometric	O
)	O
data	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
rasterized	O
to	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
display	O
process	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
exceptions	O
in	O
vector	O
graphic	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
that	O
make	O
up	O
an	O
image	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
grid	O
of	O
columns	O
and	O
rows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
of	O
the	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
in	O
an	O
image	O
stores	O
digital	O
numbers	O
representing	O
brightness	O
and	O
color	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	B-Algorithm
segmentation	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
JPEG	O
(	O
pronounced	O
jay-peg	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
standard	O
method	O
of	O
lossy	B-Algorithm
compression	I-Algorithm
for	O
photographic	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lens	B-Algorithm
Controller	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
lens	B-Algorithm
controller	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
device	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
a	O
motorized	O
(	O
ZFI	O
)	O
lens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lens	B-Algorithm
controllers	I-Algorithm
may	O
be	O
internal	O
to	O
a	O
camera	O
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
switches	O
used	O
manually	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
sophisticated	O
device	O
that	O
allows	O
control	O
of	O
a	O
lens	O
with	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
applications	O
for	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
in	O
metrology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
MV	O
is	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
to	O
industry	O
and	O
manufacturing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neural	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
a	O
normal	O
or	O
entrocentric	O
lens	O
is	O
a	O
lens	O
that	O
generates	O
images	O
that	O
are	O
generally	O
held	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
"	O
natural	O
"	O
perspective	O
compared	O
with	O
lenses	O
with	O
longer	O
or	O
shorter	O
focal	O
lengths	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optical	B-Application
character	I-Application
recognition	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pixel	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
tiny	O
dots	O
that	O
make	O
up	O
the	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
picture	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
's	O
memory	O
or	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pixelation	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
computer	O
graphics	O
,	O
pixelation	B-Algorithm
is	O
an	O
effect	O
caused	O
by	O
displaying	O
a	O
bitmap	O
or	O
a	O
section	O
of	O
a	O
bitmap	O
at	O
such	O
a	O
large	O
size	O
that	O
individual	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
,	O
small	O
single-colored	O
square	O
display	O
elements	O
that	O
comprise	O
the	O
bitmap	O
,	O
are	O
visible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Q-Factor	O
(	O
Optics	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
average	O
lifetime	O
of	O
a	O
resonant	O
photon	B-Application
in	O
the	O
cavity	O
is	O
proportional	O
to	O
the	O
cavity	O
's	O
Q	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Region	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
interest	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Region	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
Interest	I-Algorithm
,	O
often	O
abbreviated	O
ROI	B-Algorithm
,	O
is	O
a	O
selected	O
subset	O
of	O
samples	O
within	O
a	O
dataset	O
identified	O
for	O
a	O
particular	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ROI	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
Region	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
Interest	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
standard-definition	B-Device
video	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
the	O
shutter	O
speed	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
shutter	O
is	O
held	O
open	O
during	O
the	O
taking	O
an	O
image	O
to	O
allow	O
light	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
imaging	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
combination	O
with	O
variation	O
of	O
the	O
lens	O
aperture	B-General_Concept
,	O
this	O
regulates	O
how	O
much	O
light	O
the	O
imaging	O
sensor	O
in	O
a	O
digital	O
camera	O
will	O
receive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smart	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
smart	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
integrated	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
system	O
which	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
image	O
capture	O
circuitry	O
,	O
includes	O
a	O
processor	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
extract	O
information	O
from	O
images	O
without	O
need	O
for	O
an	O
external	O
processing	O
unit	O
,	O
and	O
interface	O
devices	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
results	O
available	O
to	O
other	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spatial-taxons	O
are	O
information	O
granules	O
,	O
composed	O
of	O
non-mutually	O
exclusive	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
regions	O
,	O
within	O
scene	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Structured-light	B-Algorithm
3D	I-Algorithm
scanner	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Super	O
Video	B-Protocol
Graphics	I-Protocol
Array	I-Protocol
,	O
almost	O
always	O
abbreviated	O
to	O
Super	O
VGA	B-Protocol
or	O
just	O
SVGA	O
is	O
a	O
broad	O
term	O
that	O
covers	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
computer	O
display	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
systems	O
telecentric	O
lenses	O
are	O
usually	O
employed	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
dimensional	O
and	O
geometric	O
invariance	O
of	O
images	O
within	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
different	O
distances	O
from	O
the	O
lens	O
and	O
across	O
the	O
whole	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thermography	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Universal	O
Serial	O
Bus	O
(	O
USB	B-Protocol
)	O
provides	O
a	O
serial	O
bus	O
standard	O
for	O
connecting	O
devices	O
,	O
usually	O
to	O
computers	O
such	O
as	O
PCs	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
also	O
becoming	O
commonplace	O
on	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
VESA	O
has	O
issued	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
standards	O
,	O
mostly	O
relating	O
to	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
video	O
peripherals	O
in	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
compatible	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VGA	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	B-Protocol
Graphics	I-Protocol
Array	I-Protocol
(	O
VGA	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
computer	O
display	O
standard	O
first	O
marketed	O
in	O
1987	O
by	O
IBM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vision	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
class	O
of	O
microprocessors	O
aimed	O
at	O
accelerating	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X-rays	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
X-rays	B-Library
are	O
primarily	O
used	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
medical	O
and	O
industrial	O
imaging	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
crystallography	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
X-rays	B-Library
are	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
ionizing	O
radiation	O
and	O
as	O
such	O
can	O
be	O
dangerous	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uses	O
may	O
be	O
as	O
simple	O
as	O
splitting	O
one	O
audio	O
or	O
video	O
channel	O
into	O
two	O
,	O
to	O
more	O
complex	O
uses	O
such	O
as	O
splicing	O
signals	O
from	O
a	O
high	O
density	O
computer	O
connector	B-Protocol
to	O
its	O
appropriate	O
peripheral	O
.	O
</s>
