<s>
Glitching	B-Error_Name
is	O
an	O
activity	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
person	O
finds	O
and	O
exploits	O
flaws	O
or	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
in	O
video	O
games	O
to	O
achieve	O
something	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
intended	O
by	O
the	O
game	O
designers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
can	O
be	O
easily	O
achieved	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
either	O
very	O
difficult	O
or	O
unperformable	O
by	O
humans	O
and	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
achieved	O
with	O
tool-assisted	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glitches	B-Error_Name
can	O
vary	O
greatly	O
in	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
game	O
manipulation	O
,	O
from	O
setting	O
a	O
flag	O
to	O
writing	O
and	O
executing	O
custom	O
code	O
from	O
within	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glitches	B-Error_Name
may	O
be	O
found	O
by	O
accident	O
or	O
actively	O
searched	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
in	O
many	O
different	O
ways	O
,	O
most	O
often	O
through	O
user	O
input	O
from	O
a	O
game	B-Device
controller	I-Device
,	O
but	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
assisted	O
through	O
hardware	O
manipulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mechanics	O
of	O
some	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
are	O
well-understood	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
having	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
code	O
or	O
knowing	O
the	O
properties	O
being	O
manipulated	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
are	O
performable	O
but	O
the	O
mechanic	O
to	O
it	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
are	O
not	O
consistently	O
performable	O
due	O
to	O
uncontrollable	O
factors	O
,	O
usually	O
broadly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
random	O
number	O
generation	O
(	O
frequently	O
called	O
RNG	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glitching	B-Error_Name
is	O
used	O
in	O
speedrunning	O
and	O
competitive	O
gaming	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
gain	O
insight	O
on	O
a	O
game	O
's	O
underlying	O
technical	O
mechanics	O
and	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
contexts	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
cheating	O
,	O
and	O
competitions	O
may	O
disallow	O
certain	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
to	O
allow	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
fair	O
or	O
entertaining	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
speedrunning	O
communities	O
create	O
separate	O
categories	O
of	O
runs	O
that	O
either	O
restrict	O
or	O
allow	O
use	O
of	O
certain	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
,	O
giving	O
speedrunners	O
the	O
freedom	O
to	O
choose	O
the	O
category	O
that	O
suits	O
their	O
interests	O
or	O
goals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
in	O
video	O
games	O
is	O
clipping	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
pass	O
though	O
a	O
wall	O
or	O
barrier	O
to	O
access	O
certain	O
areas	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
inaccessible	O
in	O
normal	O
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glitches	B-Error_Name
that	O
go	O
out	O
of	O
bounds	O
are	O
mostly	O
performed	O
by	O
either	O
moving	O
through	O
walls	O
or	O
corners	O
or	O
jumping	O
to	O
places	O
in	O
the	O
map	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
invisible	O
walls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
Tony	B-Application
Hawk	I-Application
's	I-Application
Underground	I-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
in	O
the	O
L.A.	O
level	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
glitch	B-Error_Name
that	O
can	O
allow	O
players	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
provided	O
play	O
area	O
and	O
pass	O
through	O
the	O
background	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
massively	B-Application
multiplayer	I-Application
online	I-Application
game	I-Application
Need	B-Protocol
for	I-Protocol
Speed	I-Protocol
:	I-Protocol
World	I-Protocol
also	O
had	O
a	O
bug	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
Rockport	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
player	O
can	O
glitch	B-Error_Name
into	O
point	O
Camden	O
near	O
the	O
Bay	O
Bridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clipping	O
is	O
exploited	O
by	O
speedrunners	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
sequence	O
breaking	O
in	O
games	O
like	O
Metroid	B-Device
Prime	I-Device
,	O
which	O
can	O
cause	O
them	O
to	O
behave	O
abnormally	O
especially	O
if	O
they	O
have	O
no	O
code	O
to	O
address	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Players	O
may	O
fall	O
into	O
a	O
bottomless	O
pit	O
by	O
glitching	B-Error_Name
through	O
a	O
wall	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
ground	O
collision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
can	O
also	O
allow	O
players	O
to	O
go	O
to	O
areas	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
supposed	O
to	O
go	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
entering	O
beta	O
areas	O
in	O
Grand	B-Application
Theft	I-Application
Auto	I-Application
IV	I-Application
by	O
using	O
a	O
helicopter	O
to	O
clip	O
through	O
the	O
ground	O
and	O
under	O
the	O
map	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
common	O
type	O
of	O
glitch	B-Error_Name
is	O
item	O
manipulation	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
player	O
can	O
manipulate	O
their	O
inventory	O
to	O
get	O
certain	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
bug	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
PlayStation	O
3	O
and	O
Xbox	O
360	O
versions	O
of	O
FIFA	B-Application
11	I-Application
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
game	O
does	O
not	O
check	O
for	O
negative	O
values	O
for	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
currency	O
counter	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
if	O
a	O
player	O
cancels	O
a	O
loan	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
not	O
enough	O
currency	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
transfer	O
budget	O
,	O
the	O
currency	O
counter	O
will	O
roll	B-Error_Name
over	I-Error_Name
back	O
to	O
the	O
highest	O
number	O
,	O
granting	O
the	O
player	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
wealth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glitches	B-Error_Name
can	O
also	O
affect	O
the	O
physics	O
of	O
particular	O
games	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
alter	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
gravity	O
,	O
movement	O
speed	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
allow	O
teleportation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
famous	O
physics	O
bug	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
Grand	B-Application
Theft	I-Application
Auto	I-Application
IV	I-Application
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
particular	O
swingset	O
can	O
violently	O
catapult	O
anyone	O
and	O
anything	O
that	O
touches	O
its	O
chains	O
or	O
approaches	O
its	O
top	O
bar	O
for	O
a	O
great	O
distance	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
coding	O
flaws	O
concerning	O
the	O
physics	O
of	O
the	O
swing	O
chains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Grand	B-Application
Theft	I-Application
Auto	I-Application
III	I-Application
and	O
Grand	B-Application
Theft	I-Application
Auto	I-Application
V	I-Application
also	O
have	O
a	O
similar	O
physics	O
bug	O
where	O
approaching	O
certain	O
closed	O
gates	O
would	O
cause	O
the	O
player	O
character	O
or	O
vehicle	O
to	O
be	O
launched	O
into	O
the	O
sky	O
for	O
a	O
great	O
distance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
require	O
any	O
action	O
on	O
the	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
player	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
glitch	B-Error_Name
in	O
NCAA	B-Application
Football	I-Application
11	I-Application
which	O
will	O
cause	O
the	O
football	O
game	O
to	O
run	O
longer	O
than	O
the	O
time	O
indicated	O
on	O
the	O
clock	O
and	O
,	O
most	O
often	O
,	O
indefinitely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
can	O
hurt	O
the	O
competitive	O
atmosphere	O
of	O
online	O
multiplayer	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
reports	O
that	O
the	O
online	O
multiplayer	O
mode	O
of	O
Transformers	B-Application
:	I-Application
War	I-Application
for	I-Application
Cybertron	I-Application
suffered	O
from	O
hacking	O
and	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
that	O
allow	O
players	O
to	O
manipulate	O
classes	O
and	O
stats	O
through	O
methods	O
not	O
normally	O
available	O
to	O
regular	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
advanced	O
form	O
of	O
glitching	B-Error_Name
allows	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
access	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
memory	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
possible	O
in	O
Super	B-Application
Mario	I-Application
World	I-Application
,	O
where	O
if	O
the	O
player	O
causes	O
entities	O
such	O
as	O
Koopa	O
shells	O
,	O
brick	O
particles	O
,	O
and	O
fireballs	O
to	O
despawn	O
at	O
certain	O
coordinates	O
,	O
the	O
memory	O
will	O
be	O
read	O
and	O
executed	O
as	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
example	O
of	O
altering	O
code	O
is	O
in	O
The	B-Application
Legend	I-Application
of	I-Application
Zelda	I-Application
:	I-Application
Ocarina	I-Application
of	I-Application
Time	I-Application
,	O
where	O
if	O
the	O
player	O
locks	O
the	O
states	O
of	O
certain	O
actors	O
in	O
memory	O
by	O
unloading	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
order	O
,	O
Link	O
can	O
pick	O
up	O
an	O
item	O
and	O
his	O
angle	O
of	O
rotation	O
will	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
memory	O
address	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
value	O
that	O
determine	O
which	O
boots	O
he	O
is	O
wearing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
instances	O
,	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
are	O
physically	O
impossible	O
for	O
a	O
human	O
as	O
they	O
require	O
inputs	O
with	O
frame-perfect	O
accuracy	O
and	O
precision	O
,	O
or	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
simply	O
impossible	O
on	O
a	O
physical	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glitches	B-Error_Name
like	O
these	O
often	O
require	O
pressing	O
several	O
buttons	O
at	O
60	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
,	O
potentially	O
in	O
complex	O
combinations	O
,	O
or	O
pressing	O
both	O
left	O
and	O
right	O
on	O
a	O
D-pad	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
glitches	B-Error_Name
can	O
only	O
occur	O
by	O
physically	O
manipulating	O
the	O
hardware	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
system	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
ejecting	O
a	O
disc	O
during	O
gameplay	O
or	O
slightly	O
tilting	O
a	O
cartridge	O
out	O
of	O
position	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
somewhat	O
extreme	O
example	O
of	O
hardware	O
manipulation	O
is	O
,	O
after	O
noticing	O
a	O
certain	O
glitch	B-Error_Name
only	O
seemed	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
,	O
Japanese	O
speedrunner	O
Hitshee	O
discovered	O
that	O
heating	O
his	O
Famicom	O
to	O
a	O
certain	O
temperature	O
caused	O
a	O
glitch	B-Error_Name
in	O
the	O
save	O
files	O
for	O
Dragon	B-Application
Quest	I-Application
III	I-Application
,	O
and	O
now	O
keeps	O
his	O
console	O
on	O
a	O
hot	O
plate	O
during	O
speedruns	O
.	O
</s>
