<s>
The	O
GNU	B-Language
C	I-Language
Library	I-Language
,	O
commonly	O
known	O
as	O
glibc	B-Language
,	O
is	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
's	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	B-Language
C	I-Language
standard	I-Language
library	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
its	O
name	O
,	O
it	O
now	O
also	O
directly	O
supports	O
C++	B-Language
(	O
and	O
,	O
indirectly	O
,	O
other	O
programming	O
languages	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
started	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
by	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
(	O
FSF	O
)	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
GNU	I-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Lesser	I-Application
General	I-Application
Public	I-Application
License	I-Application
,	O
glibc	B-Language
is	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNU	B-Language
C	I-Language
Library	I-Language
project	O
provides	O
the	O
core	O
libraries	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
GNU	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
many	O
systems	O
that	O
use	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
libraries	O
provide	O
critical	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
including	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
C11	O
,	O
POSIX.1-2008	O
,	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
OS-specific	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
include	O
such	O
foundational	O
facilities	O
as	O
open	B-Language
,	O
read	B-Language
,	O
write	B-Language
,	O
malloc	B-Language
,	O
printf	B-Language
,	O
getaddrinfo	B-Language
,	O
dlopen	B-Operating_System
,	O
pthread_create	B-Operating_System
,	O
crypt	B-Algorithm
,	O
login	B-General_Concept
,	O
exit	B-Operating_System
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
glibc	B-Language
project	O
was	O
initially	O
written	O
mostly	O
by	O
Roland	O
McGrath	O
,	O
working	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
(	O
FSF	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
1987	O
as	O
a	O
teenager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
1988	O
,	O
FSF	O
described	O
glibc	B-Language
as	O
having	O
nearly	O
completed	O
the	O
functionality	O
required	O
by	O
ANSI	O
C	B-Language
.	O
By	O
1992	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
the	O
ANSI	O
C-1989	O
and	O
POSIX.1-1990	O
functions	O
implemented	O
and	O
work	O
was	O
under	O
way	O
on	O
POSIX.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
1995	O
Ulrich	O
Drepper	O
made	O
his	O
first	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
glibc	B-Language
and	O
by	O
1997	O
most	O
commits	O
were	O
made	O
by	O
him	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2009	O
glibc	B-Language
was	O
migrated	O
to	O
a	O
Git	B-Application
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
licensing	O
issue	O
was	O
resolved	O
which	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
Sun	B-Protocol
RPC	I-Protocol
implementation	O
in	O
glibc	B-Language
that	O
was	O
not	O
GPL	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
fixed	O
by	O
re-licensing	O
the	O
Sun	B-Protocol
RPC	I-Protocol
components	O
under	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
glibc	B-Language
suffered	O
from	O
an	O
ABI	B-Operating_System
breakage	O
bug	O
on	O
s390	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
30	O
years	O
after	O
he	O
started	O
glibc	B-Language
,	O
Roland	O
McGrath	O
announced	O
his	O
departure	O
,	O
"	O
declaring	O
myself	O
maintainer	O
emeritus	O
and	O
withdrawing	O
from	O
direct	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
maintainer	O
Raymond	O
Nicholson	O
removed	O
a	O
joke	O
about	O
abortion	O
from	O
the	O
glibc	B-Language
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
copyright	O
assignment	O
requirement	O
to	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
was	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
most	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
glibc	B-Language
can	O
be	O
obtained	O
by	O
executing	O
the	O
lib	O
file	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
/lib/libc.so.6	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
Date	O
Notes	O
Adoption	O
0.1	O
–	O
0.6	O
October	O
1991	O
–	O
February	O
1992	O
1.0	O
February	O
1992	O
1.01	O
–	O
1.09.3	O
March	O
1992	O
–	O
December	O
1994	O
1.90	O
–	O
1.102	O
May	O
1996	O
–	O
January	O
1997	O
2.0	O
January	O
1997	O
2.0.1	O
January	O
1997	O
2.0.2	O
February	O
1997	O
2.0.91	O
December	O
1997	O
2.0.95	O
July	O
1998	O
2.1	O
February	O
1999	O
2.1.1	O
March	O
1999	O
2.2	O
November	O
2000	O
2.2.1	O
January	O
2001	O
2.2.2	O
February	O
2001	O
2.2.3	O
March	O
2001	O
2.2.4	O
July	O
2001	O
2.3	O
October	O
2002	O
2.3.1	O
October	O
2002	O
2.3.2	O
February	O
2003	O
Debian	O
3.1	O
(	O
Sarge	O
)	O
2.3.3	O
December	O
2003	O
2.3.4	O
December	O
2004	O
Minimum	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
Standard	I-Application
Base	I-Application
(	O
LSB	B-Application
)	O
3.0	O
RHEL	O
4	O
(	O
Update	O
5	O
)	O
2.3.5	O
April	O
2005	O
SLES	O
9	O
2.3.6	O
November	O
2005	O
Debian	O
4.0	O
(	O
Etch	O
)	O
2.4	O
March	O
2006	O
Minimum	O
for	O
LSB	B-Application
4.0	O
,	O
initial	O
inotify	B-Application
support	O
SLES	O
10	O
2.5	O
September	O
2006	O
Full	O
inotify	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RHEL5	O
end	O
of	O
support	O
was	O
RHEL	O
5	O
2.6	O
May	O
2007	O
2.7	O
October	O
2007	O
Debian	O
5	O
(	O
Lenny	O
)	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
8.04	O
2.8	O
April	O
2008	O
2.9	O
November	O
2008	O
2.10	O
May	O
2009	O
Minimum	O
for	O
LSB	B-Application
5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SLES	O
11	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
10.04	O
,	O
eglibc	B-Language
used	O
in	O
Debian	O
6	O
(	O
Squeeze	O
)	O
2.12	O
May	O
2010	O
RHEL	O
6	O
2.13	O
January	O
2011	O
eglibc	B-Language
2.13	O
used	O
in	O
Debian	O
7	O
(	O
Wheezy	O
)	O
2.14	O
June	O
2011	O
2.15	O
March	O
2012	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
12.04	O
and	O
12.10	O
2.16	O
June	O
2012	O
x32	B-Application
ABI	I-Application
support	O
,	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
C11	O
compliance	O
,	O
SystemTap	B-Application
2.17	O
December	O
2012	O
64-bit	O
ARM	O
support	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
13.04	O
,	O
RHEL	O
7	O
2.18	O
August	O
2013	O
Improved	O
C++11	B-Language
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Intel	B-Operating_System
TSX	I-Operating_System
lock	O
elision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
the	O
Xilinx	O
MicroBlaze	B-Device
and	O
IBM	O
POWER8	B-Device
microarchitectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fedora	O
20	O
2.19	O
February	O
2014	O
SystemTap	B-Application
probes	O
for	O
malloc	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Operating_System
Indirect	O
Function	O
(	O
IFUNC	O
)	O
support	O
for	O
ppc32	B-Architecture
and	O
ppc64	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ABI	B-Operating_System
change	O
in	O
ucontext	O
and	O
jmp_buf	O
for	O
s390/s390x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
14.04	O
,	O
eglibc	B-Language
2.19	O
used	O
in	O
Debian	O
8	O
(	O
Jessie	O
)	O
,	O
openSUSE	B-Operating_System
13	O
,	O
SLES	O
12	O
2.20	O
September	O
2014	O
Support	O
for	O
file	O
description	O
locks	O
Fedora	O
21	O
2.21	O
February	O
2015	O
New	O
semaphore	O
implementation	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
15.04	O
,	O
Fedora	O
22	O
2.22	O
August	O
2015	O
Support	O
to	O
enable	O
Google	B-Application
Native	I-Application
Client	I-Application
(	O
NaCl	B-Application
)	O
,	O
that	O
originally	O
ran	O
on	O
x86	B-Operating_System
,	O
running	O
on	O
ARMv7-A	O
,	O
Unicode	O
7.0	O
Fedora	O
23	O
2.23	O
February	O
2016	O
Unicode	O
8.0	O
Fedora	O
24	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
16.04	O
2.24	O
August	O
2016	O
Some	O
deprecated	O
features	O
have	O
been	O
removed	O
Fedora	O
25	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
16.10	O
and	O
17.04	O
,	O
Debian	O
9	O
(	O
Stretch	O
)	O
2.25	O
February	O
2017	O
The	O
getentropy	O
and	O
getrandom	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
<sys/random.h>	O
header	O
file	O
have	O
been	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fedora	O
26	O
2.26	O
August	O
2017	O
Improved	O
performance	O
(	O
per-thread	O
cache	O
for	O
malloc	B-Language
)	O
,	O
Unicode	O
10	O
support	O
Fedora	O
27	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
17.10	O
2.27	O
February	O
2018	O
Performance	O
optimizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RISC-V	B-Device
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
strftime	O
's	O
default	O
formatting	O
of	O
a	O
locale	O
's	O
alternative	O
year	O
;	O
the	O
'	O
_	O
 '	O
and	O
'	O
-	O
'	O
flags	O
can	O
now	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
its	O
"	O
%EY	O
"	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
19.04	O
,	O
Fedora	O
30	O
2.30	O
August	O
2019	O
Unicode	O
12.1.0	O
,	O
the	O
dynamic	O
linker	O
accepts	O
the	O
--preload	O
argument	O
to	O
preload	O
shared	O
objects	O
,	O
the	O
gettid	O
function	O
has	O
been	O
added	O
on	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
Minguo	O
(	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
)	O
calendar	O
support	O
,	O
new	O
Japanese	O
era	O
added	O
to	O
ja_JP	O
locale	O
,	O
memory	O
allocation	O
functions	O
fail	O
with	O
total	O
object	O
size	O
larger	O
than	O
PTRDIFF_MAX	O
;	O
fixed	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
19.10	O
,	O
Fedora	O
31	O
2.31	O
February	O
2020	O
Initial	O
C2x	B-Language
standard	O
support	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
20.04	O
,	O
Debian	O
11	O
(	O
Bullseye	O
)	O
,	O
Fedora	O
32	O
2.32	O
August	O
2020	O
Unicode	O
13.0	O
,	O
'	O
access	O
 '	O
attribute	O
for	O
better	O
warnings	O
in	O
GCC	O
10	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
"	O
help	O
detect	O
buffer	O
overflows	O
and	O
other	O
out-of-bounds	O
accesses	O
"	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
20.10	O
,	O
Fedora	O
33	O
2.33	O
February	O
2021	O
HWCAPS	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
21.04	O
,	O
Fedora	O
34	O
2.34	O
August	O
2021	O
libpthread	B-Operating_System
,	O
libdl	O
,	O
libutil	O
,	O
libanl	O
has	O
been	O
integrated	O
into	O
libc	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
21.10	O
,	O
RHEL	O
9.0.0	O
,	O
Fedora	O
35	O
2.35	O
February	O
2022	O
Unicode	O
14.0	O
,	O
C.UTF-8	O
locale	O
,	O
restartable	O
sequences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Removed	O
Intel	B-Device
MPX	I-Device
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1994	O
,	O
the	O
developers	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
forked	B-Application
glibc	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
fork	B-Application
,	O
"	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
libc	B-Language
"	O
,	O
was	O
maintained	O
separately	O
until	O
around	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
copyright	O
attribution	O
was	O
insufficient	O
,	O
changes	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
merged	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
GNU	B-Language
Libc	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
FSF	O
released	O
glibc	B-Language
2.0	O
in	O
January	O
1997	O
,	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
developers	O
discontinued	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
libc	B-Language
due	O
to	O
glibc	B-Language
2.0	O
'	O
s	O
superior	O
compliance	O
with	O
POSIX	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
glibc	B-Language
2.0	O
also	O
had	O
better	O
internationalisation	O
and	O
more	O
in-depth	O
translation	O
,	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
capability	O
,	O
64-bit	O
data	O
access	O
,	O
facilities	O
for	O
multithreaded	O
applications	O
,	O
future	O
version	O
compatibility	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
code	O
was	O
more	O
portable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last-used	O
version	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
libc	B-Language
used	O
the	O
internal	O
name	O
(	O
soname	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
Debian	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
derivatives	O
switched	O
from	O
glibc	B-Language
to	O
the	O
variant	O
eglibc	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eglibc	B-Language
was	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
consortium	B-Application
consisting	O
of	O
Freescale	O
,	O
MIPS	B-Device
,	O
MontaVista	B-Operating_System
and	O
Wind	O
River	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contained	O
changes	O
that	O
made	O
it	O
more	O
suitable	O
for	O
embedded	B-Architecture
usage	I-Architecture
and	O
had	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
architectures	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
supported	O
by	O
glibc	B-Language
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
PowerPC	B-General_Concept
e500	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
of	O
eglibc	B-Language
was	O
merged	O
back	O
into	O
glibc	B-Language
at	O
version	O
2.20	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2014	O
,	O
eglibc	B-Language
is	O
discontinued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Yocto	B-Application
Project	I-Application
and	O
Debian	O
also	O
moved	O
back	O
to	O
glibc	B-Language
since	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Debian	O
Jessie	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
steering	O
committee	O
voted	O
to	O
disband	O
itself	O
and	O
remove	O
Drepper	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
a	O
community-driven	O
development	O
process	O
,	O
with	O
Ryan	O
Arnold	O
,	O
Maxim	O
Kuvyrkov	O
,	O
Joseph	O
Myers	O
,	O
Carlos	O
O'Donell	O
,	O
and	O
Alexandre	O
Oliva	O
holding	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
maintainership	O
(	O
but	O
no	O
extra	O
decision-making	O
power	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
glibc	B-Language
provides	O
the	O
functionality	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
Single	O
UNIX	O
Specification	O
,	O
POSIX	O
(	O
1c	O
,	O
1d	O
,	O
and	O
1j	O
)	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
functionality	O
required	O
by	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
C11	O
,	O
ISO	B-General_Concept
C99	B-Language
,	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
interfaces	O
,	O
the	O
System	B-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
Interface	I-Operating_System
Definition	I-Operating_System
(	O
SVID	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
the	O
X/Open	O
Portability	O
Guide	O
(	O
XPG	O
)	O
,	O
Issue	O
4.2	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
extensions	O
common	O
to	O
XSI	O
(	O
X/Open	O
System	O
Interface	O
)	O
compliant	O
systems	O
along	O
with	O
all	O
X/Open	O
UNIX	O
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
glibc	B-Language
also	O
provides	O
extensions	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
deemed	O
useful	O
or	O
necessary	O
while	O
developing	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
glibc	B-Language
is	O
used	O
in	O
systems	O
that	O
run	O
many	O
different	O
kernels	B-Operating_System
and	O
different	O
hardware	B-Architecture
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
most	O
common	O
use	O
is	O
in	O
systems	O
using	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
on	O
x86	B-Operating_System
hardware	B-Architecture
,	O
however	O
,	O
officially	O
supported	O
hardware	B-Architecture
includes	O
:	O
32-bit	O
ARM	O
and	O
its	O
newer	O
64-bit	O
ISA	O
(	O
AArch64	O
)	O
,	O
ARC	O
,	O
C-SKY	O
,	O
DEC	B-Device
Alpha	I-Device
,	O
IA-64	B-General_Concept
,	O
Motorola	B-Device
m68k	I-Device
,	O
MicroBlaze	B-Device
,	O
MIPS	B-Device
,	O
Nios	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
PA-RISC	B-Device
,	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
,	O
RISC-V	B-Device
,	O
s390	B-Device
,	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
x86	B-Operating_System
(	O
old	O
versions	O
support	O
TILE	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
officially	O
supports	O
the	B-Application
Hurd	I-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernels	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
heavily	O
patched	O
versions	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
kernels	B-Operating_System
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
NetBSD	B-Device
(	O
from	O
which	O
Debian	O
GNU/kFreeBSD	O
and	O
Debian	O
GNU/NetBSD	O
systems	O
are	O
built	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
forked-version	O
of	O
OpenSolaris	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
(	O
in	O
an	O
edited	O
form	O
)	O
and	O
named	O
in	O
BeOS	B-Application
and	O
Haiku	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
glibc	B-Language
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
as	O
being	O
"	O
bloated	O
"	O
and	O
slower	O
than	O
other	O
libraries	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
by	O
Linus	O
Torvalds	O
and	O
embedded	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
programmers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
several	O
alternative	O
C	B-Language
standard	I-Language
libraries	I-Language
have	O
been	O
created	O
which	O
emphasize	O
a	O
smaller	O
footprint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
many	O
small-device	O
projects	O
use	O
GNU	B-Language
libc	I-Language
over	O
the	O
smaller	O
alternatives	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
application	O
support	O
,	O
standards	O
compliance	O
,	O
and	O
completeness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
Openmoko	B-Application
and	O
Familiar	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
for	O
iPaq	O
handhelds	O
(	O
when	O
using	O
the	O
GPE	B-Language
display	O
software	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layers	I-General_Concept
(	O
"	O
shims	B-General_Concept
"	O
)	O
to	O
allow	O
programs	O
written	O
for	O
other	O
ecosystems	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
glibc	B-Language
interface	O
offering	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
libhybris	B-Application
,	O
a	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
for	O
Android	B-Application
's	I-Application
Bionic	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Wine	B-Application
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
from	O
Windows	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
to	O
glibc	B-Language
and	O
other	O
native	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
available	O
on	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
