<s>
Glauber	B-Application
is	O
a	O
scientific	O
discovery	O
method	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
computational	O
philosophy	O
of	O
science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
machine	O
learning	O
in	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Glauber	B-Application
was	O
written	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
programs	O
,	O
by	O
Pat	O
Langley	O
,	O
Herbert	O
A	O
.	O
Simon	O
,	O
G	O
.	O
Bradshaw	O
and	O
J	O
.	O
Zytkow	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
how	O
scientific	O
discovery	O
may	O
be	O
obtained	O
by	O
problem	O
solving	O
methods	O
,	O
in	O
their	O
book	O
Scientific	O
Discovery	O
,	O
Computational	O
Explorations	O
on	O
the	O
Creative	O
Mind	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glauber	B-Application
was	O
named	O
after	O
Johann	O
Rudolph	O
Glauber	B-Application
,	O
a	O
17th-century	O
alchemist	O
whose	O
work	O
helped	O
to	O
develop	O
acid-base	O
theory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glauber	B-Application
(	O
the	O
method	O
)	O
rediscovers	O
the	O
law	O
of	O
acid-alkali	O
reactions	O
producing	O
salts	O
,	O
given	O
the	O
qualities	O
of	O
substances	O
and	O
observed	O
facts	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
mixing	O
substances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
that	O
knowledge	O
Glauber	B-Application
discovers	O
that	O
substances	O
that	O
taste	O
bitter	O
react	O
with	O
substances	O
tasting	O
sour	O
,	O
producing	O
substances	O
tasting	O
salty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glauber	B-Application
was	O
designed	O
by	O
Pat	O
Langley	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
work	O
on	O
discovery	O
heuristics	B-Algorithm
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
computer	O
automatically	O
review	O
a	O
host	O
of	O
values	O
and	O
characteristics	O
and	O
make	O
independent	O
analyses	O
from	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Glauber	B-Application
,	O
the	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
autonomous	O
application	B-Application
that	O
could	O
estimate	O
,	O
even	O
perfectly	O
describe	O
,	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
chemical	O
compound	O
by	O
comparing	O
it	O
to	O
related	O
substances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Langley	O
formalized	O
and	O
compiled	O
Glauber	B-Application
in	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qualitative	O
descriptions	O
like	O
taste	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
numerical	O
data	O
such	O
as	O
molecular	O
weight	O
,	O
were	O
programmed	O
into	O
the	O
application	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
this	O
knowledge	O
,	O
Glauber	B-Application
was	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
which	O
substances	O
were	O
acids	O
,	O
bases	O
,	O
and	O
salts	O
without	O
any	O
quantitative	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glauber	B-Application
was	O
a	O
very	O
successful	O
advance	O
in	O
theoretical	O
chemistry	O
as	O
performed	O
by	O
computer	O
and	O
it	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
similar	O
systems	O
developed	O
by	O
Herbert	O
A	O
.	O
Simon	O
including	O
Stahl	O
(	O
which	O
examines	O
oxidation	O
)	O
and	O
DALTON	B-Application
(	O
which	O
calculates	O
atomic	O
weight	O
)	O
,	O
helped	O
form	O
the	O
groundwork	O
of	O
all	O
current	O
automated	O
chemical	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glauber	B-Application
uses	O
two	O
predicates	O
:	O
Reacts	O
and	O
Has-Quality	O
,	O
represented	O
in	O
Lisp	O
lists	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Glauber	B-Application
is	O
based	O
in	O
two	O
procedures	O
:	O
Form-Class	O
and	O
Determine-Quantifier	O
.	O
</s>
