<s>
Ginga	B-Application
is	O
the	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
specification	O
for	O
the	O
Nipo-Brazilian	O
Digital	O
Television	O
System	O
(	O
SBTVD	B-Application
,	O
from	O
the	O
Portuguese	O
Sistema	B-Application
Brasileiro	I-Application
de	I-Application
Televisão	I-Application
Digital	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ginga	B-Application
is	O
also	O
ITU-T	O
Recommendation	O
for	O
IPTV	O
Services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ginga	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
standardized	O
technologies	O
but	O
mainly	O
on	O
innovations	O
developed	O
by	O
Brazilian	O
researchers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
current	O
reference	O
implementation	O
was	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
license	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ginga	B-Application
is	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
main	O
integrated	O
subsystems	O
,	O
which	O
allow	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
applications	O
following	O
two	O
different	O
programming	O
paradigms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
subsystems	O
are	O
called	O
Ginga-NCL	B-Application
(	O
for	O
declarative	O
NCL	B-Device
applications	O
)	O
and	O
Ginga-J	B-Application
(	O
for	O
imperative	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Terrestrial	O
Digital	O
TV	O
System	O
,	O
and	O
any	O
other	O
Digital	O
TV	O
Systems	O
following	O
the	O
definitions	O
in	O
the	O
ABNT	O
standards	O
for	O
the	O
Ginga	B-Application
Middleware	B-General_Concept
ABNT	O
15606	O
,	O
Ginga-J	B-Application
is	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
in	O
fixed	O
receivers	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
optional	O
in	O
portable	O
receivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
IPTV	O
services	O
following	O
the	O
H.761	O
ITU-T	O
Recommendation	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
Ginga-NCL	B-Application
subsystem	O
is	O
required	O
,	O
for	O
any	O
terminal	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ginga	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Telemídia	O
Lab	O
from	O
Pontifical	O
Catholic	O
University	O
of	O
Rio	O
de	O
Janeiro	O
(	O
PUC-Rio	O
)	O
and	O
by	O
LAViD	O
from	O
Federal	O
University	O
of	O
Paraíba	O
(	O
UFPB	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
