<s>
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
format	O
designed	O
for	O
representing	O
simple	O
geographical	O
features	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
their	O
non-spatial	O
attributes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
features	O
include	O
points	O
(	O
therefore	O
addresses	O
and	O
locations	O
)	O
,	O
line	O
strings	O
(	O
therefore	O
streets	O
,	O
highways	O
and	O
boundaries	O
)	O
,	O
polygons	B-General_Concept
(	O
countries	O
,	O
provinces	O
,	O
tracts	O
of	O
land	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
multi-part	O
collections	O
of	O
these	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
features	O
need	O
not	O
represent	O
entities	O
of	O
the	O
physical	O
world	O
only	O
;	O
mobile	O
routing	O
and	O
navigation	O
apps	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
might	O
describe	O
their	O
service	O
coverage	O
using	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
format	O
differs	O
from	O
other	O
GIS	B-Application
standards	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
written	O
and	O
is	O
maintained	O
not	O
by	O
a	O
formal	O
standards	O
organization	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
an	O
Internet	O
working	O
group	O
of	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
notable	O
offspring	O
of	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
is	O
TopoJSON	O
,	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
that	O
encodes	O
geospatial	O
topology	O
and	O
that	O
typically	O
provides	O
smaller	O
file	O
sizes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
format	O
working	O
group	O
and	O
discussion	O
were	O
begun	O
in	O
March	O
2007	O
and	O
the	O
format	O
specification	O
was	O
finalized	O
in	O
June	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2015	O
the	O
Internet	O
Engineering	O
Task	O
Force	O
has	O
founded	O
the	O
Geographic	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
working	O
group	O
which	O
released	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
as	O
RFC	O
7946	O
in	O
August	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
type	O
"	O
:	O
"	O
Polygon	B-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
type	O
"	O
:	O
"	O
Polygon	B-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
type	O
"	O
:	O
"	O
MultiPolygon	B-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
type	O
"	O
:	O
"	O
MultiPolygon	B-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
type	O
"	O
:	O
"	O
Polygon	B-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
TopoJSON	O
is	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
that	O
encodes	O
topology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arcs	O
are	O
sequences	O
of	O
points	O
,	O
while	O
line	O
strings	O
and	O
polygons	B-General_Concept
are	O
defined	O
as	O
sequences	O
of	O
arcs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
TopoJSON	O
facilitates	O
applications	O
that	O
use	O
topology	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
topology-preserving	O
shape	O
simplification	O
,	O
automatic	O
map	O
coloring	O
,	O
and	O
cartograms	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
reference	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
TopoJSON	O
specification	O
is	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
command-line	O
tool	O
to	O
encode	O
TopoJSON	O
from	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
(	O
or	O
ESRI	O
Shapefiles	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
client	B-Protocol
side	I-Protocol
JavaScript	B-Language
library	I-Language
to	O
decode	O
TopoJSON	O
back	O
to	O
GeoJSON	B-General_Concept
again	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
a	O
GIS	B-Application
shape	O
near	O
coordinates	O
latitude	O
0°	O
and	O
longitude	O
0°	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
but	O
valid	O
and	O
complete	O
topojson	O
file	O
containing	O
all	O
metadata	O
,	O
Polygon	B-General_Concept
,	O
LineString	O
,	O
Point	O
elements	O
,	O
arcs	O
and	O
properties	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
