<s>
In	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
General	B-Operating_System
Inter-ORB	I-Operating_System
Protocol	I-Operating_System
(	O
GIOP	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
message	O
protocol	O
by	O
which	O
object	B-General_Concept
request	I-General_Concept
brokers	I-General_Concept
(	O
ORBs	O
)	O
communicate	O
in	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standards	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
protocol	O
are	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
Object	B-Architecture
Management	I-Architecture
Group	I-Architecture
(	O
OMG	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	O
InterORB	O
Protocol	O
(	O
IIOP	B-Operating_System
)	O
The	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
Inter-Orb	I-Operating_System
Protocol	I-Operating_System
is	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
GIOP	O
for	O
use	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
mapping	O
between	O
GIOP	O
messages	O
and	O
the	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SSL	B-Protocol
InterORB	O
Protocol	O
(	O
SSLIOP	O
)	O
SSLIOP	O
is	O
IIOP	B-Operating_System
over	O
SSL	B-Protocol
,	O
providing	O
encryption	O
and	O
authentication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HyperText	O
InterORB	O
Protocol	O
(	O
HTIOP	O
)	O
HTIOP	O
is	O
IIOP	B-Operating_System
over	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
,	O
providing	O
transparent	O
proxy	O
bypassing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
GIOP	O
,	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
includes	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
an	O
Environment	O
Specific	O
Inter-ORB	O
Protocol	O
(	O
ESIOP	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
GIOP	O
is	O
defined	O
to	O
meet	O
general-purpose	O
needs	O
of	O
most	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
implementations	O
,	O
an	O
ESIOP	B-Operating_System
attempts	O
to	O
address	O
special	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
an	O
ESIOP	B-Operating_System
might	O
use	O
an	O
alternative	O
protocol	O
encoding	O
to	O
improve	O
efficiency	O
over	O
networks	O
with	O
limited	O
bandwidth	O
or	O
high	O
latency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ESIOPs	B-Operating_System
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
layer	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
on	O
top	O
of	O
some	O
non-CORBA	O
technology	O
stack	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Distributed	B-Operating_System
Computing	I-Operating_System
Environment	I-Operating_System
(	O
DCE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DCE	O
Common	O
Inter-ORB	O
Protocol	O
(	O
DCE-CIOP	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
ESIOP	B-Operating_System
for	O
use	O
in	O
DCE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
maps	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
to	O
DCE	O
RPC	O
and	O
CDR	O
(	O
Command	O
Data	O
Representation	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DCE-CIOP	O
is	O
defined	O
in	O
chapter	O
16	O
of	O
the	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
2.6.1	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
General	B-Operating_System
Inter-ORB	I-Operating_System
Protocol	I-Operating_System
(	O
GIOP	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
message	O
protocol	O
used	O
by	O
object	B-General_Concept
request	I-General_Concept
brokers	I-General_Concept
(	O
ORBs	O
)	O
to	O
communicate	O
in	O
CORBA-based	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GIOP	O
2.0.2	O
is	O
the	O
current	O
version	O
of	O
this	O
protocol	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
provides	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
concrete	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
IIOP	B-Operating_System
,	O
SSLIOP	O
,	O
HTIOP	O
,	O
and	O
ZIOP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IIOP	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
mapping	O
of	O
GIOP	O
messages	O
to	O
the	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
layer	O
for	O
use	O
over	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
while	O
SSLIOP	O
provides	O
encryption	O
and	O
authentication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTIOP	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
enables	O
transparent	O
proxy	O
bypassing	O
by	O
using	O
IIOP	B-Operating_System
over	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
.	I-Protocol
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
these	O
protocols	O
,	O
also	O
includes	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
an	O
Environment	O
Specific	O
Inter-ORB	O
Protocol	O
(	O
ESIOP	B-Operating_System
)	O
to	O
address	O
specific	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ESIOP	B-Operating_System
can	O
use	O
an	O
alternative	O
protocol	O
encoding	O
to	O
improve	O
efficiency	O
over	O
networks	O
with	O
limited	O
bandwidth	O
or	O
high	O
latency	O
,	O
or	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
layer	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
on	O
top	O
of	O
non-CORBA	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
DCE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DCE	O
Common	O
Inter-ORB	O
Protocol	O
(	O
DCE-CIOP	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
ESIOP	B-Operating_System
that	O
maps	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
to	O
DCE	O
RPC	O
and	O
CDR	O
.	O
</s>
