<s>
GEOS	B-Device
(	O
later	O
renamed	O
GeoWorks	O
Ensemble	O
,	O
NewDeal	O
Office	O
,	O
and	O
Breadbox	O
Ensemble	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
computer	O
operating	B-Application
environment	I-Application
,	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
suite	O
of	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
released	O
as	O
PC/GEOS	O
,	O
it	O
runs	O
on	O
DOS-based	O
,	O
IBM	O
PC	O
compatible	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC/GEOS	O
was	O
first	O
created	O
by	O
Berkeley	O
Softworks	O
,	O
which	O
later	O
became	O
GeoWorks	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Frank	O
Fischer	O
,	O
the	O
CEO	O
of	O
Breadbox	O
,	O
died	O
and	O
efforts	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
stopped	O
until	O
later	O
in	O
2017	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
bought	O
by	O
blueway.Softworks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC/GEOS	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
the	O
8-bit	B-Device
GEOS	I-Device
product	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
Commodore	O
64	O
and	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1990	O
,	O
GeoWorks	O
released	O
PC/GEOS	O
for	O
IBM	O
PC	O
compatible	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
GeoWorks	O
Ensemble	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
incompatible	O
with	O
the	O
earlier	O
8-bit	B-Device
versions	I-Device
of	I-Device
GEOS	I-Device
for	O
Commodore	O
and	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
computers	O
,	O
but	O
provided	O
numerous	O
enhancements	O
,	O
including	O
scalable	O
fonts	O
and	O
multitasking	O
on	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
XT	I-Device
-	O
and	O
AT-class	O
PC	O
clones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GeoWorks	O
saw	O
a	O
market	O
opportunity	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
for	O
the	O
16	O
million	O
older	O
model	O
PCs	O
that	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
run	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
2.x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GEOS	B-Device
was	O
packaged	O
with	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
productivity	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
bundled	O
with	O
many	O
PCs	O
at	B-Operating_System
the	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
like	O
other	O
GUI	B-Application
environments	O
for	O
the	O
PC	O
platform	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Graphics	B-Application
Environment	I-Application
Manager	I-Application
(	O
GEM	B-Application
)	O
,	O
it	O
ultimately	O
proved	O
less	O
successful	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
than	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Former	O
CEO	O
of	O
GeoWorks	O
claims	O
that	O
GEOS	B-Device
faded	O
away	O
"	O
because	O
Microsoft	O
threatened	O
to	O
withdraw	O
supply	O
of	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
to	O
hardware	O
manufacturers	O
who	O
bundled	O
Geoworks	O
with	O
their	O
machines	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
1992	O
,	O
NEC	O
and	O
Sony	O
bundled	O
an	O
original	O
equipment	O
manufacturer	O
(	O
OEM	O
)	O
version	O
of	O
GeoWorks	O
named	O
the	O
CD	O
Manager	O
with	O
their	O
respective	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
players	I-Device
that	O
sold	O
as	O
retail	O
box	O
add-on	O
peripherals	O
for	O
consumers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NEC	O
Bundle	O
retailed	O
for	O
around	O
$500.00	O
with	O
a	O
1x	O
external	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
,	O
Small	B-Architecture
Computer	I-Architecture
System	I-Architecture
Interface	I-Architecture
(	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
)	O
interface	O
controller	O
,	O
Labtec	O
CD-150	O
amplified	O
stereo	O
speakers	O
and	O
10	O
software	O
titles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
scaled-down	O
version	O
of	O
GeoWorks	O
was	O
used	O
by	O
America	O
Online	O
for	O
their	O
DOS-based	O
AOL	O
client	O
software	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
introduction	O
on	O
IBM	O
compatible	O
PCs	O
until	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
when	O
America	O
Online	O
dropped	O
development	O
for	O
graphical	O
DOS	B-Device
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
popular	O
single	O
3.5	O
"	O
self-booting	O
disk	O
that	O
AOL	O
was	O
distributing	O
could	O
be	O
hacked	O
to	O
boot	B-Operating_System
the	O
GeoWorks	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
released	O
the	O
PC/GEOS	O
-based	O
EduQuest	O
SchoolView	O
network	O
management	O
tool	O
for	O
K-12	O
schools	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Negotiations	O
to	O
make	O
PC/GEOS	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
PC	O
DOS	B-Device
7.0	O
failed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
PC/GEOS	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
an	O
"	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
it	O
still	O
requires	O
DOS	B-Device
in	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GEOS	B-Device
and	O
its	O
applications	O
were	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
8086	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
(	O
Espire	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
interpreted	O
language	O
called	O
IZL	O
,	O
and	O
C	B-Language
(	O
GEOS	B-Device
Object	O
C	B-Language
:	O
GOC	B-Language
)	O
with	O
non-standard	O
language	O
extensions	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
object-oriented	B-Language
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
DR	O
DOS	B-Device
6.0	O
,	O
if	O
TASKMAX	O
was	O
loaded	O
before	O
PC/GEOS	O
,	O
PC/GEOS	O
registered	O
as	O
graphical	O
menu	O
system	O
for	O
TASKMAX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
still	O
worked	O
under	O
the	O
pre-emptive	O
multitasker	O
(	O
EMM386	B-Device
/MULTI	O
+	O
TASKMGR	O
)	O
provided	O
by	O
Novell	O
DOS	B-Device
7	O
,	O
OpenDOS	O
7.01	O
and	O
DR-DOS	O
7.02	O
(	O
and	O
higher	O
)	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
multiple	O
GEOS	B-Device
and	O
DOS	B-Device
applications	O
to	O
run	O
concurrently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
newer	O
version	O
of	O
PC/GEOS	O
was	O
marketed	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
as	O
NewDeal	O
Office	O
from	O
NewDeal	O
Inc	O
.	O
in	O
hopes	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
market	O
among	O
owners	O
of	O
i386	B-General_Concept
,	O
i486	B-General_Concept
and	O
Pentium	O
PCs	O
that	O
could	O
not	O
run	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
or	O
Windows	B-Device
98	I-Device
effectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
newest	O
PC/GEOS	O
,	O
4.x	O
,	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
full	O
productivity	O
and	O
internet	O
suite	O
,	O
including	O
web	O
browser	O
(	O
named	O
WebMagick	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
email	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
14	O
November	O
2015	O
,	O
Frank	O
S	O
.	O
Fischer	O
,	O
the	O
CEO	O
and	O
owner	O
of	O
Breadbox	O
Ensemble	O
LLC	O
,	O
died	O
of	O
a	O
heart	O
attack	O
,	O
some	O
while	O
after	O
announcing	O
plans	O
to	O
bring	O
GEOS	B-Device
to	O
Android	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PEN/GEOS	O
1.0	O
was	O
the	O
new	O
name	O
for	O
PC/GEOS	O
2.0	O
when	O
GeoWorks	O
released	O
it	O
on	O
9	O
April	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PEN/GEOS	O
1.0	O
was	O
a	O
pioneering	O
personal	B-Application
digital	I-Application
assistant	I-Application
(	O
PDA	B-Application
)	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GEOS	B-Device
was	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
low-end	O
GeoBook	O
laptop	B-Device
from	O
Brother	O
Industries	O
and	O
in	O
several	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Communicator	I-Operating_System
models	O
(	O
GEOS	B-Device
3.0	O
in	O
models	O
9000	O
,	O
9110	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PEN/GEOS	O
2.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
and	O
version	O
3.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PEN/GEOS	O
1.0	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
Tandy	O
Corporation	O
Z-PDA	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
introduced	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
Apple	B-Device
Newton	I-Device
MessagePad	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Palm	O
Computing	O
had	O
been	O
incorporated	O
to	O
create	O
software	O
for	O
this	O
device	O
and	O
shipped	O
its	O
first	O
handwriting	O
recognition	O
software	O
,	O
PalmPrint	O
,	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
Palm	O
Organizer	O
,	O
and	O
synchronization	O
software	O
,	O
PalmConnect	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
Z-PDA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Palm	O
Organizer	O
included	O
the	O
PalmSchedule	O
date	O
book	O
,	O
PalmAddress	O
address	O
book	O
,	O
PalmNotes	O
notebook	B-Device
,	O
a	O
dictionary	O
,	O
calculator	O
,	O
clock	O
,	O
forms	O
calculator	O
,	O
26	O
language	O
translation	O
dictionary	O
,	O
on-line	O
help	O
,	O
holiday	O
,	O
and	O
travel	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
devices	O
were	O
all	O
named	O
Zoomer	O
and	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
PDAs	B-Application
with	O
a	O
connection	O
to	O
the	O
online	O
services	O
CompuServe	O
and	O
AOL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
GeoWorks	O
released	O
PEN/GEOS	O
2.0	O
,	O
again	O
based	O
on	O
PC/GEOS	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
this	O
version	O
of	O
GEOS	B-Device
appeared	O
(	O
running	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
DOS	B-Device
)	O
on	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
OmniGo	I-Device
100	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
featured	O
Graffiti	B-Application
handwriting	O
recognition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OmniGo	O
is	O
a	O
flip-around	O
clamshell	O
handheld	O
computer	O
powered	O
by	O
a	O
Vadem	B-Device
VG230	I-Device
integrated	O
PC-on-a-chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VG230	O
chip	O
includes	O
an	O
Intel	O
80186-instruction	O
set	O
compatible	O
NEC	B-Device
V30	I-Device
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
soon	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
HP	B-Device
OmniGo	I-Device
120	I-Device
,	O
which	O
added	O
a	O
high-contrast	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brother	O
LW-screen	O
typewriters	O
use	O
PEN/GEOS	O
and	O
are	O
the	O
only	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
ships	O
with	O
vendor-provided	O
drivers	O
for	O
scanner	O
and	O
it	O
included	O
a	O
GEOS	B-Device
scanning	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Germany	O
,	O
the	O
Brother	O
LW750ic	O
system	O
is	O
equipped	O
with	O
PEN/GEOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	O
,	O
Brother	O
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
IBM	O
,	O
brought	O
the	O
GeoBook	O
series	O
of	O
notebooks	B-Device
to	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GeoBook	O
models	O
NB-60	O
,	O
NB-80C	O
,	O
and	O
PN-9100GR	O
used	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
PEN/GEOS	O
using	O
the	O
Yago	O
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
the	O
Nokia	O
9000	O
Communicator	O
smartphone	B-Application
was	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
phone	O
uses	O
PEN/GEOS	O
3.0	O
and	O
established	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GEOS-SC	O
was	O
a	O
32-bit	O
reduced	B-Architecture
instruction	I-Architecture
set	I-Architecture
computer	I-Architecture
(	O
RISC	B-Architecture
)	O
CPU	O
smartphone	B-Application
,	O
OS	O
,	O
and	O
GUI	B-Application
for	O
the	O
Japanese	O
cellphone	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
built	O
as	O
GeoWorks	O
 '	O
planned	O
future	O
OS	O
and	O
codenamed	O
'	O
Liberty	O
 '	O
,	O
GEOS-SC	O
became	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
cellphones	O
designed	O
by	O
Mitsubishi	O
Electric	O
Company	O
(	O
MELCO	O
)	O
of	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alongside	O
this	O
,	O
GEOS-SE	O
which	O
was	O
an	O
OS	O
designed	O
and	O
developed	O
by	O
Eden	O
Ltd.	O
,	O
a	O
UK-based	O
company	O
acquired	O
in	O
1997	O
by	O
Geoworks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
PC/GEOS	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
available	O
as	O
FreeGEOS	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
compiled	B-Language
and	O
edited	O
freely	O
.	O
</s>
