<s>
GNU	B-Application
variants	I-Application
(	O
also	O
called	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
distributions	B-Application
or	O
distros	O
for	O
short	O
)	O
are	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
based	O
upon	O
the	B-Operating_System
GNU	I-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
(	O
the	B-Application
Hurd	I-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
GNU	B-Language
C	I-Language
library	I-Language
,	O
system	B-Library
libraries	I-Library
and	O
application	O
software	O
like	O
GNU	B-Application
coreutils	I-Application
,	O
bash	B-Operating_System
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Guix	B-Application
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
project	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
these	O
also	O
include	O
most	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
using	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
and	O
a	O
few	O
others	O
using	O
BSD-based	O
kernels	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Operating_System
users	O
usually	O
obtain	O
their	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
by	O
downloading	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
distributions	B-Application
,	O
which	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
systems	O
ranging	O
from	O
embedded	O
devices	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
LibreCMC	B-Application
)	O
and	O
personal	O
computers	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Debian	O
GNU/Hurd	B-Application
)	O
to	O
powerful	O
supercomputers	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Rocks	O
Cluster	O
Distribution	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hurd	B-Application
is	O
the	O
official	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
developed	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
GNU	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
(	O
before	O
Linux-libre	B-Application
also	O
became	O
an	O
official	O
GNU	B-Application
package	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Debian	O
GNU/Hurd	B-Application
was	O
discussed	O
for	O
a	O
release	O
as	O
technology	O
preview	O
with	O
Debian	O
7.0	O
Wheezy	O
,	O
however	O
these	O
plans	O
were	O
discarded	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
immature	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
the	O
maintainers	O
of	O
Debian	O
GNU/Hurd	B-Application
decided	O
to	O
publish	O
an	O
unofficial	O
release	O
on	O
the	O
release	O
date	O
of	O
Debian	O
7.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Debian	O
GNU/Hurd	B-Application
is	O
not	O
considered	O
yet	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
performance	O
and	O
stability	O
expected	O
from	O
a	O
production	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
About	O
two	O
thirds	O
of	O
the	O
Debian	O
packages	O
have	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
Hurd	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arch	B-Application
Hurd	I-Application
is	O
a	O
derivative	O
work	O
of	O
Arch	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
porting	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Hurd	I-Application
system	O
with	O
packages	O
optimised	O
for	O
the	O
Intel	B-Device
P6	I-Device
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
Arch-like	O
user	O
environment	O
(	O
BSD-style	O
init	B-Operating_System
scripts	O
,	O
pacman	O
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
rolling	O
releases	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
simple	O
set	O
up	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Hurd	I-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
stable	O
enough	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
occasional	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
GNU/Linux	O
or	O
GNU+Linux	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
FSF	O
and	O
its	O
supporters	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
where	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
is	O
distributed	O
with	O
a	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
distributions	B-Application
are	O
the	O
primary	O
installed	O
base	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
packages	I-Application
and	I-Application
programs	I-Application
and	O
also	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
notable	O
official	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
term	O
for	O
a	O
distribution	O
is	O
Debian	O
GNU/Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
GNU	B-Application
variants	I-Application
recommended	O
by	O
the	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
Project	O
for	O
regular	O
use	O
are	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
committed	O
to	O
the	O
Free	O
System	O
Distribution	O
Guidelines	O
;	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
refer	O
to	O
themselves	O
as	O
"	O
GNU/Linux	O
"	O
(	O
like	O
Debian	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
actually	O
use	O
a	O
deblobbed	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
(	O
like	O
the	O
Linux-libre	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
mainline	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Debian	O
GNU/kFreeBSD	O
is	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
IA-32	B-Device
and	O
x86-64	B-Device
computer	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
distribution	O
of	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
with	O
Debian	O
package	B-Application
management	I-Application
and	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
k	O
in	O
kFreeBSD	O
is	O
an	O
abbreviation	O
for	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
of	O
,	O
and	O
reflects	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
only	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
of	O
the	O
complete	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
officially	O
released	O
with	O
Debian	O
Squeeze	O
(	O
6.0	O
)	O
on	O
February	O
6	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
Debian	O
GNU/kFreeBSD	O
live	O
CD	O
is	O
Ging	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
maintained	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
was	O
an	O
experimental	O
port	O
of	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
user-land	O
applications	O
to	O
NetBSD	B-Device
kernel	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
official	O
release	O
of	O
this	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
made	O
;	O
although	O
work	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
ports	O
for	O
the	O
IA-32	B-Device
and	O
DEC	B-Device
Alpha	I-Device
architectures	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
not	O
seen	O
active	O
maintenance	O
since	O
2002	O
and	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
available	O
for	O
download	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
September	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
Project	O
does	O
not	O
recommend	O
or	O
endorse	O
any	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nexenta	O
OS	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
distribution	O
that	O
combines	O
the	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
userland	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
libc	O
;	O
OpenSolaris	B-Operating_System
 '	O
libc	O
is	O
used	O
)	O
and	O
Debian	O
's	O
packaging	O
and	O
organisation	O
with	O
the	O
OpenSolaris	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nexenta	O
OS	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
IA-32	B-Device
and	O
x86-64	B-Device
based	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nexenta	O
OS	O
is	O
not	O
considered	O
a	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
variant	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
OpenSolaris	B-Operating_System
libc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
Illumos	O
distributions	B-Application
use	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
userland	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cygwin	O
project	O
is	O
an	O
actively-developed	O
compatibility	O
layer	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
C	B-Language
library	I-Language
providing	O
a	O
substantial	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
POSIX	O
API	B-Application
functionality	O
for	O
Windows	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
distribution	O
of	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
and	O
other	O
Unix-like	O
programs	O
for	O
such	O
an	O
ecosystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
Canonical	O
added	O
an	O
official	O
compatibility	O
layer	O
to	O
Windows	O
10	O
that	O
translates	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
calls	O
into	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
ones	O
,	O
the	O
reverse	O
of	O
what	O
Wine	B-Application
does	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
ELF	O
executables	O
to	O
run	O
unmodified	O
on	O
Windows	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
web	O
developers	O
with	O
the	O
more	O
familiar	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
userland	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
combination	O
has	O
been	O
dubbed	O
"	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
for	O
Windows	O
"	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
family	O
defined	O
by	O
its	O
common	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
absent	O
.	O
</s>
