<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
is	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
GNU	B-Application
Project	I-Application
founder	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
editor	O
developed	O
for	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
has	O
been	O
a	O
central	O
component	O
of	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
project	I-Application
and	O
a	O
flagship	O
project	O
of	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
movement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
name	O
has	O
occasionally	O
been	O
shortened	O
to	O
GNUMACS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tag	O
line	O
for	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
is	O
"	O
the	O
extensible	O
self-documenting	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1976	O
,	O
Stallman	O
wrote	O
the	O
first	O
Emacs	B-Application
(	O
“	O
Editor	B-Application
MACroS	I-Application
”	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
1984	O
,	O
began	O
work	O
on	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
,	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
proprietary	O
Gosling	B-Operating_System
Emacs	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
was	O
initially	O
based	O
on	O
Gosling	B-Operating_System
Emacs	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
Stallman	O
's	O
replacement	O
of	O
its	O
Mocklisp	B-Language
interpreter	B-Application
with	O
a	O
true	O
Lisp	O
interpreter	B-Application
required	O
that	O
nearly	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
code	O
be	O
rewritten	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
program	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
nascent	O
GNU	B-Application
Project	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
is	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
provides	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
,	O
also	O
implemented	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
widely	O
distributed	O
version	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
was	O
version	O
15.34	O
,	O
released	O
later	O
in	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
versions	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
were	O
numbered	O
as	O
"	O
1.x.x	O
,	O
"	O
with	O
the	O
initial	O
digit	O
denoting	O
the	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
C	B-Language
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
was	O
later	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
offered	O
more	O
features	O
than	O
Gosling	B-Operating_System
Emacs	I-Operating_System
,	O
in	O
particular	O
a	O
full-featured	O
Lisp	O
as	O
its	O
extension	O
language	O
,	O
and	O
soon	O
replaced	O
Gosling	B-Operating_System
Emacs	I-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
de	O
facto	O
Unix	B-Application
Emacs	B-Application
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Markus	O
Hess	O
exploited	O
a	O
security	O
flaw	O
in	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
's	O
email	O
subsystem	O
in	O
his	O
1986	O
cracking	O
spree	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
gained	O
superuser	B-Application
access	O
to	O
Unix	B-Application
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
users	O
commonly	O
submitted	O
patches	O
and	O
Elisp	B-Operating_System
code	O
to	O
the	O
net.emacs	O
newsgroup	B-Application
,	O
participation	O
in	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
development	O
was	O
relatively	O
restricted	O
until	O
1999	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Cathedral	O
"	O
development	O
style	O
in	O
The	O
Cathedral	O
and	O
the	O
Bazaar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
has	O
since	O
adopted	O
a	O
public	O
development	O
mailing	O
list	O
and	O
anonymous	O
CVS	B-Application
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
CVS	B-Application
trunk	O
until	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
today	O
uses	O
the	O
Git	B-Application
DVCS	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Richard	O
Stallman	O
has	O
remained	O
the	O
principal	O
maintainer	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
,	O
but	O
he	O
has	O
stepped	O
back	O
from	O
the	O
role	O
at	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
21	O
,	O
2015	O
Monnier	O
announced	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
be	O
stepping	O
down	O
as	O
maintainer	O
effective	O
with	O
the	O
feature	O
freeze	O
of	O
Emacs	B-Application
25	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPL	B-License
)	O
state	O
that	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
source	O
code	O
,	O
including	O
both	O
the	O
C	B-Language
and	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
components	O
,	O
are	O
freely	O
available	O
for	O
examination	O
,	O
modification	O
,	O
and	O
redistribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
documentation	O
appeared	O
under	O
an	O
ad-hoc	O
license	O
that	O
required	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
certain	O
text	O
in	O
any	O
modified	O
copy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
user	O
's	O
manual	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
this	O
included	O
instructions	O
for	O
obtaining	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
and	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
's	O
essay	O
The	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Manifesto	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XEmacs	B-Language
manuals	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
inherited	O
from	O
older	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
manuals	O
when	O
the	O
fork	O
occurred	O
,	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newer	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
documentation	O
use	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Free	I-Application
Documentation	I-Application
License	I-Application
with	O
"	O
invariant	O
sections	O
"	O
that	O
require	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
documents	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
manuals	O
proclaim	O
themselves	O
as	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
Manuals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
,	O
like	O
many	O
other	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
packages	O
,	O
it	O
remains	O
policy	O
to	O
accept	O
significant	O
code	O
contributions	O
only	O
if	O
the	O
copyright	O
holder	O
executes	O
a	O
suitable	O
disclaimer	O
or	O
assignment	O
of	O
their	O
copyright	O
interest	O
to	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
policy	O
is	O
in	O
place	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
FSF	O
can	O
defend	O
the	O
software	O
in	O
court	O
if	O
its	O
copyleft	B-License
license	I-License
is	O
violated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
noticed	O
that	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
had	O
been	O
accidentally	O
releasing	O
some	O
binaries	O
without	O
corresponding	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
two	O
years	O
,	O
in	O
opposition	O
to	O
the	O
intended	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
did	O
n't	O
sue	O
any	O
downstream	O
redistributors	O
who	O
unknowingly	O
violated	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
by	O
distributing	O
these	O
binaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
normal	O
editing	O
mode	O
,	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
behaves	O
like	O
other	O
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
and	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
insert	O
characters	O
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
keys	O
and	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
editing	O
point	O
with	O
the	O
arrow	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Escape	B-Device
key	I-Device
sequences	O
or	O
pressing	O
the	O
control	B-Device
key	I-Device
and/or	O
the	O
meta	B-Device
key	I-Device
,	O
alt	B-Device
key	I-Device
or	O
super	B-Device
keys	I-Device
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
regular	O
key	O
produces	O
modified	B-Device
keystrokes	I-Device
that	O
invoke	O
functions	O
from	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commands	O
such	O
as	O
save-buffer	O
and	O
save-buffers-kill-emacs	O
combine	O
multiple	O
modified	B-Device
keystrokes	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
commands	O
work	O
by	O
invoking	O
an	O
external	O
program	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
ispell	B-Application
for	O
spell-checking	B-Application
or	O
GNU	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
(	O
gcc	B-Application
)	O
for	O
program	O
compilation	O
,	O
parsing	O
the	O
program	O
's	O
output	O
,	O
and	O
displaying	O
the	O
result	O
in	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
also	O
supports	O
"	O
inferior	O
processes	O
"	O
long-lived	O
processes	O
that	O
interact	O
with	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Application
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
,	O
running	O
a	O
Unix	B-Application
shell	I-Application
as	O
inferior	O
process	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
read	B-Application
–	I-Application
eval	I-Application
–	I-Application
print	I-Application
loop	I-Application
(	O
REPL	B-Application
)	O
modes	O
for	O
various	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
 '	O
support	O
for	O
external	O
processes	O
makes	O
it	O
an	O
attractive	O
environment	O
for	O
interactive	O
programming	O
along	O
the	O
lines	O
of	O
Interlisp	B-Language
or	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
who	O
prefer	O
IBM	O
Common	O
User	O
Access-style	O
keys	O
can	O
use	O
,	O
a	O
package	O
that	O
originally	O
was	O
a	O
third-party	O
add-on	B-Application
but	O
has	O
been	O
included	O
in	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
since	O
version	O
22	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
"	O
minibuffer	O
,	O
"	O
normally	O
the	O
bottommost	O
line	O
,	O
to	O
present	O
status	O
and	O
request	O
informationthe	O
functions	O
that	O
would	O
typically	O
be	O
performed	O
by	O
dialog	O
boxes	O
in	O
most	O
GUIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
applicable	O
,	O
command-line	B-Application
completion	O
is	O
available	O
using	O
the	O
tab	O
and	O
space	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
keeps	O
text	O
in	O
data	B-General_Concept
structures	I-General_Concept
known	O
as	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Buffers	B-General_Concept
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
displayed	O
onscreen	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
features	O
are	O
accessible	O
to	O
both	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
program	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
can	O
create	O
new	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
and	O
dismiss	O
unwanted	O
ones	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
can	O
exist	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
upper	O
limit	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
Emacs	B-Application
allows	O
,	O
other	O
than	O
hardware	O
memory	O
limits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advanced	O
users	O
may	O
amass	O
hundreds	O
of	O
open	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
of	O
various	O
types	O
relating	O
to	O
their	O
current	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
can	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
open	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
on	O
exit	O
,	O
and	O
reopen	O
this	O
list	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
restarted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
contain	O
text	O
loaded	O
from	O
text	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
edit	O
and	O
save	O
back	O
to	O
permanent	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
are	O
said	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
visiting	O
"	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Buffers	B-General_Concept
also	O
serve	O
to	O
display	O
other	O
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
Emacs	B-Application
commands	O
,	O
dired	B-Operating_System
directory	B-Application
listings	O
,	O
documentation	O
strings	O
displayed	O
by	O
the	O
"	O
help	O
"	O
library	O
and	O
notification	O
messages	O
that	O
in	O
other	O
editors	O
would	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
a	O
dialog	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
notifications	O
are	O
displayed	O
briefly	O
in	O
the	O
minibuffer	O
,	O
and	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
that	O
keeps	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
notifications	O
of	O
this	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
minibuffer	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
output	O
from	O
Emacs	B-Application
,	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
echo	O
area	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Longer	O
notifications	O
are	O
displayed	O
in	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
of	O
their	O
own	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Buffers	B-General_Concept
can	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
areas	O
for	O
an	O
external	O
process	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
shell	B-Operating_System
or	O
REPL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Buffers	B-General_Concept
which	O
Emacs	B-Application
creates	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
are	O
typically	O
named	O
with	O
asterisks	B-Language
on	O
each	O
end	O
,	O
to	O
distinguish	O
from	O
user	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
list	O
of	O
open	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
is	O
itself	O
displayed	O
in	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
Emacs	B-Application
key	O
sequences	O
remain	O
functional	O
in	O
any	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
standard	O
Ctrl-s	O
isearch	O
function	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
search	O
filenames	O
in	O
dired	B-Operating_System
buffers	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
the	O
file	O
list	O
can	O
be	O
saved	O
to	O
a	O
text	B-General_Concept
file	I-General_Concept
just	O
as	O
any	O
other	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
dired	B-Operating_System
buffers	B-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
switched	O
to	O
a	O
writable	O
mode	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
filenames	O
and	O
attributes	O
can	O
be	O
edited	O
textually	O
;	O
when	O
the	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
is	O
saved	O
,	O
the	O
changes	O
are	O
written	O
to	O
the	O
filesystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
multiple	O
files	O
to	O
be	O
renamed	O
using	O
the	O
search	O
and	O
replace	O
features	O
of	O
Emacs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
so	O
equipped	O
,	O
Emacs	B-Application
displays	O
image	O
files	O
in	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
is	O
binary	O
safe	O
and	O
8-bit	O
clean	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
can	O
split	O
the	O
editing	O
area	O
into	O
separate	O
non-overlapping	O
sections	O
called	O
"	O
windows	B-Application
,	O
"	O
a	O
feature	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
available	O
since	O
1975	O
,	O
predating	O
the	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
in	O
common	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Emacs	B-Application
terminology	O
,	O
"	O
windows	B-Application
"	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
what	O
other	O
systems	O
call	O
"	O
frames	B-General_Concept
"	O
or	O
"	O
panes	O
"	O
a	O
rectangular	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
's	O
display	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
updated	O
and	O
interacted	O
with	O
independently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
Emacs	B-Application
window	O
has	O
a	O
status	O
bar	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
mode	O
line	O
"	O
displayed	O
by	O
default	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
edge	O
of	O
the	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
windows	B-Application
are	O
available	O
both	O
in	O
text-terminal	O
and	O
graphical	O
modes	O
and	O
allow	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
several	O
parts	O
of	O
a	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
,	O
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
at	O
once	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Common	O
applications	O
are	O
to	O
display	O
a	O
dired	B-Operating_System
buffer	B-General_Concept
along	O
with	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
files	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
directory	B-Application
(	O
there	O
are	O
special	O
modes	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
file	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
follow	O
the	O
file	O
highlighted	O
in	O
dired	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
to	O
display	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
a	O
program	O
in	O
one	O
window	O
while	O
another	O
displays	O
a	O
shell	B-Operating_System
buffer	B-General_Concept
with	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
compiling	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
to	O
run	O
a	O
debugger	B-Application
along	O
with	O
a	O
shell	B-Operating_System
buffer	B-General_Concept
running	O
the	O
program	O
,	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
code	O
while	O
displaying	O
a	O
man	B-Protocol
page	I-Protocol
or	O
other	O
documentation	O
(	O
possibly	O
loaded	O
over	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
using	O
one	O
of	O
Emacs	B-Application
 '	O
built-in	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
)	O
or	O
simply	O
to	O
display	O
multiple	O
files	O
for	O
editing	O
at	O
once	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
header	O
along	O
with	O
its	O
implementation	O
file	O
for	O
C-based	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
,	O
a	O
minor	O
mode	O
that	O
chains	O
windows	B-Application
to	O
display	O
non-overlapping	O
portions	O
of	O
a	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
file	O
can	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
multiple	O
side-by-side	O
windows	B-Application
that	O
update	O
appropriately	O
when	O
scrolled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Emacs	B-Application
supports	O
"	O
narrowing	O
"	O
a	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
to	O
display	O
only	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
a	O
file	O
,	O
with	O
top/bottom	O
of	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
navigation	O
functionality	O
and	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
size	O
calculations	O
reflecting	O
only	O
the	O
selected	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
windows	B-Application
are	O
tiled	O
and	O
cannot	O
appear	O
"	O
above	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
below	O
"	O
their	O
companions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
can	O
launch	O
multiple	O
"	O
frames	B-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
displayed	O
as	O
individual	O
windows	B-Application
in	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
environment	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
a	O
text	O
terminal	O
,	O
multiple	O
frames	B-General_Concept
are	O
displayed	O
stacked	O
filling	O
the	O
entire	O
terminal	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
switched	O
using	O
the	O
standard	O
Emacs	B-Application
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
can	O
display	O
or	O
edit	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
text	O
and	O
adapts	O
its	O
behavior	O
by	O
entering	O
add-on	B-Application
modes	O
called	O
"	O
major	O
modes	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
major	O
modes	O
for	O
many	O
different	O
purposes	O
including	O
editing	O
ordinary	O
text	B-General_Concept
files	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
many	O
markup	O
and	O
programming	O
languages	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
displaying	O
web	O
pages	O
,	O
directory	B-Application
listings	O
and	O
other	O
system	O
info	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
major	O
mode	O
involves	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
program	O
that	O
extends	O
the	O
editor	O
to	O
behave	O
more	O
conveniently	O
for	O
the	O
specified	O
type	O
of	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Special	O
editing	O
commands	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
commands	O
to	O
jump	O
to	O
the	O
beginning	O
or	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
function	O
while	O
editing	O
a	O
programming	O
file	O
or	O
commands	O
to	O
validate	O
documents	O
or	O
insert	O
closing	O
tags	O
while	O
working	O
with	O
markup	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
editing	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
can	O
use	O
only	O
one	O
major	O
mode	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
multiple	O
minor	O
modes	O
can	O
operate	O
simultaneously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
may	O
operate	O
directly	O
on	O
documents	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
the	O
major	O
mode	O
for	O
the	O
C	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
defines	O
a	O
separate	O
minor	O
mode	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
its	O
popular	O
indent	O
styles	O
,	O
or	O
they	O
may	O
alter	O
the	O
editing	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
supports	O
the	O
capability	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
as	O
an	O
interpreter	B-Application
for	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
language	O
without	O
displaying	O
the	O
text	B-Application
editor	I-Application
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
batch	O
mode	O
,	O
user	O
configuration	O
is	O
not	O
loaded	O
and	O
the	O
terminal	O
interrupt	B-Application
characters	O
C-c	O
and	O
C-z	O
will	O
have	O
their	O
usual	O
effect	O
of	O
exiting	O
the	O
program	O
or	O
suspending	O
execution	O
instead	O
of	O
invoking	O
Emacs	B-Application
keybindings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
has	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
options	I-Application
to	O
specify	O
either	O
a	O
file	O
to	O
load	O
and	O
execute	O
,	O
or	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
function	O
may	O
be	O
passed	O
in	O
from	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
will	O
start	O
up	O
,	O
execute	O
the	O
passed-in	O
file	O
or	O
function	O
,	O
print	O
the	O
results	O
,	O
then	O
exit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
shebang	B-Operating_System
line	I-Operating_System
#	O
!	O
/usr/bin/emacs	O
--script	O
allows	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
standalone	O
scripts	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Batch	O
mode	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Application
mode	O
per	O
se	O
,	O
but	O
describes	O
an	O
alternate	O
execution	O
mode	O
for	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apart	O
from	O
the	O
built-in	O
documentation	O
,	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
has	O
a	O
detailed	O
manual	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
electronic	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
Manual	O
,	O
written	O
by	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
,	O
is	O
bundled	O
with	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
and	O
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
with	O
the	O
built-in	O
info	B-Protocol
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
additional	O
manuals	O
,	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
Reference	O
Manual	O
by	O
Bil	O
Lewis	O
,	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
,	O
and	O
Dan	O
Laliberte	O
and	O
An	O
Introduction	O
to	O
Programming	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
by	O
Robert	O
Chassell	O
,	O
are	O
included	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
three	O
manuals	O
are	O
also	O
published	O
in	O
book	O
form	O
by	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XEmacs	B-Language
manual	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
Manual	O
,	O
from	O
which	O
it	O
forked	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
that	O
the	O
XEmacs	B-Language
software	O
forked	O
from	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
has	O
support	O
for	O
many	O
alphabets	O
,	O
scripts	O
,	O
writing	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
cultural	O
conventions	O
and	O
provides	O
spell-checking	B-Application
for	O
many	O
languages	O
by	O
calling	O
external	O
programs	O
such	O
as	O
ispell	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
character	B-General_Concept
encoding	I-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
UTF-8	O
,	O
are	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
uses	O
UTF-8	O
for	O
its	O
encoding	O
as	O
of	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
23	O
,	O
while	O
prior	O
versions	O
used	O
their	O
own	O
encoding	O
internally	O
and	O
performed	O
conversion	O
upon	O
load	O
and	O
save	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
internal	O
encoding	O
used	O
by	O
XEmacs	B-Language
is	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
but	O
differs	O
in	O
details	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
user	O
interface	O
originated	O
in	O
English	O
and	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
beginners	O
 '	O
tutorial	O
,	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
translated	O
into	O
any	O
other	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
subsystem	O
called	O
Emacspeak	B-Language
enables	O
visually	O
impaired	O
and	O
blind	O
users	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
editor	O
through	O
audio	O
feedback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
behavior	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
can	O
be	O
modified	O
and	O
extended	O
almost	O
without	O
limit	O
by	O
incorporating	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
programs	O
that	O
define	O
new	O
commands	O
,	O
new	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
modes	O
,	O
new	O
keymaps	O
,	O
add	O
command-line	B-Application
options	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
extensions	O
are	O
bundled	O
with	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
installation	O
;	O
others	O
used	O
to	O
be	O
downloaded	O
as	O
loose	O
files	O
(	O
the	O
Usenet	B-Application
newsgroup	I-Application
gnu.emacs.sources	O
was	O
a	O
traditional	O
means	O
of	O
distribution	O
)	O
but	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
development	O
of	O
managed	O
packages	O
and	O
package	O
download	O
sites	O
since	O
version	O
24	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
package	O
manager	O
(	O
itself	O
an	O
extension	O
)	O
to	O
download	O
,	O
install	O
,	O
and	O
keep	O
them	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
list	O
of	O
available	O
packages	O
is	O
itself	O
displayed	O
in	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Application
buffer	B-General_Concept
set	O
to	O
major	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Wowser	I-Application
(	O
eww	B-Application
)	O
,	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eshell	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
shell	B-Operating_System
written	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
closer	O
integration	O
with	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
environment	O
than	O
standard	O
shells	O
such	O
as	O
bash	B-Operating_System
or	O
PowerShell	B-Application
,	O
which	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
from	O
within	O
Emacs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
Eshell	B-Operating_System
,	O
Elisp	B-Operating_System
functions	O
are	O
available	O
as	O
shell	B-Operating_System
commands	O
and	O
output	O
from	O
Unix	B-Application
commands	I-Application
can	O
be	O
redirected	O
to	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Application
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exwm	B-Device
,	O
an	O
X	B-Application
window	I-Application
manager	I-Application
allowing	O
X11	B-Operating_System
apps	O
to	O
be	O
run	O
in	O
an	O
Emacs	B-Application
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Org-mode	B-Operating_System
for	O
keeping	O
notes	O
,	O
maintaining	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
lists	O
,	O
planning	O
and	O
measuring	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
composing	O
documents	O
in	O
many	O
formats	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
PDF	B-Application
,	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
or	O
OpenDocument	B-Application
formats	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
static	B-Protocol
site	I-Protocol
generators	I-Protocol
using	O
org	B-Operating_System
mode	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
,	O
Babel	O
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
literate	B-Application
programming	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Superior	O
Lisp	O
Interaction	O
Mode	O
for	O
Emacs	B-Application
(	O
SLIME	B-Operating_System
)	O
extends	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
into	O
a	O
development	O
environment	O
for	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
SLIME	B-Operating_System
(	O
written	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
)	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
editor	O
communicates	O
with	O
a	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
system	O
(	O
using	O
the	O
SWANK	O
backend	O
)	O
over	O
a	O
special	O
communication	O
protocol	O
and	O
provides	O
such	O
tools	O
as	O
a	O
read	B-Application
–	I-Application
eval	I-Application
–	I-Application
print	I-Application
loop	I-Application
,	O
a	O
data	O
inspector	O
and	O
a	O
debugger	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
often	O
ran	O
noticeably	O
slower	O
than	O
rival	O
text	B-Application
editors	I-Application
on	O
the	O
systems	O
in	O
which	O
it	O
was	O
first	O
implemented	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
loading	O
and	O
interpreting	B-Application
of	O
its	O
Lisp-based	O
code	O
incurs	O
a	O
performance	O
overhead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
computers	O
are	O
powerful	O
enough	O
to	O
run	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
without	O
slowdowns	O
,	O
but	O
versions	O
prior	O
to	O
19.29	O
(	O
released	O
in	O
1995	O
)	O
could	O
n't	O
edit	O
files	O
larger	O
than	O
8	O
MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
file	O
size	O
limit	O
was	O
raised	O
in	O
successive	O
versions	O
,	O
and	O
32	O
bit	O
versions	O
after	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
23.2	O
can	O
edit	O
files	O
up	O
to	O
512	O
MB	O
in	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
compiled	O
on	O
a	O
64-bit	O
machine	O
can	O
handle	O
much	O
larger	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
primarily	O
written	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
,	O
Emacs	B-Application
can	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
C	B-Language
libraries	O
to	O
improve	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
for	O
parsing	O
XML	B-Protocol
and	O
JSON	O
,	O
Emacs	B-Application
can	O
use	O
libxml2	O
and	O
libjansson	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
slower	O
built-in	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
version	O
28.1	O
,	O
Emacs	B-Application
can	O
natively	O
compile	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
files	O
via	O
libgccjit	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
just	O
byte	O
compiling	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most-ported	O
non-trivial	O
computer	O
programs	O
and	O
runs	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
some	O
"	O
obsolete	O
platforms	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Application
23.1	O
"	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
VMS	B-Operating_System
and	O
most	O
commercial	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
variants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
most	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
the	O
various	O
BSDs	B-Operating_System
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
,	O
AIX	B-Application
,	O
HP-UX	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
is	O
often	O
included	O
with	O
their	O
system	O
installation	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Native	O
ports	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
exist	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
Nokia	O
's	O
Maemo	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
runs	O
both	O
on	O
text	O
terminals	O
and	O
in	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
can	O
use	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
to	O
produce	O
its	O
GUI	B-Application
either	O
directly	O
using	O
Athena	B-Library
widgets	I-Library
or	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
"	O
widget	O
toolkit	O
"	O
such	O
as	O
Motif	B-Application
,	O
LessTif	B-Application
,	O
or	O
GTK+	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
can	O
also	O
use	O
the	O
graphics	O
systems	O
native	O
to	O
macOS	B-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
to	O
provide	O
menubars	O
,	O
toolbars	O
,	O
scrollbars	O
and	O
context	O
menus	O
conforming	O
more	O
closely	O
to	O
each	O
platform	O
's	O
look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lucid	B-Language
Emacs	I-Language
,	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
early	O
version	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
19	O
,	O
was	O
developed	O
beginning	O
in	O
1991	O
by	O
Jamie	B-Operating_System
Zawinski	I-Operating_System
and	O
others	O
at	O
Lucid	O
Inc	O
.	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
best-known	O
forks	O
in	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
development	I-Application
occurred	O
when	O
the	O
codebases	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
Emacs	B-Application
versions	O
diverged	O
and	O
the	O
separate	O
development	O
teams	O
ceased	O
efforts	O
to	O
merge	O
them	O
back	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Lucid	O
filed	O
for	O
bankruptcy	O
,	O
Lucid	B-Language
Emacs	I-Language
was	O
renamed	O
XEmacs	B-Language
and	O
remains	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
popular	O
variety	O
of	O
Emacs	B-Application
,	O
after	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
XEmacs	B-Language
development	O
has	O
slowed	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
stable	O
version	O
21.4.22	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2009	O
,	O
while	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
has	O
implemented	O
many	O
formerly	O
XEmacs-only	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
led	O
some	O
users	O
to	O
proclaim	O
XEmacs	B-Language
 '	O
death	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
forks	O
,	O
less	O
known	O
than	O
XEmacs	B-Language
,	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Remacs	O
a	O
port	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
to	O
the	O
Rust	B-Application
programming	I-Application
language	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Changes	O
in	O
each	O
Emacs	B-Application
release	O
are	O
listed	O
in	O
a	O
NEWS	O
file	O
distributed	O
with	O
Emacs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
+Version	O
history	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
Version	O
Release	O
date	O
Significant	O
changes28.1April	O
4	O
,	O
2022Native	O
compilation	O
of	O
Lisp	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
shows	O
matching	O
parentheses	O
by	O
default.27.2March	O
25	O
,	O
2021Mainly	O
a	O
bugfix	O
release.27.1August	O
10	O
,	O
2020	O
Built-in	O
support	O
for	O
arbitrary-size	O
integers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
resizing	O
and	O
rotating	O
of	O
images	O
without	O
ImageMagick.26.3August	O
28	O
,	O
2019New	O
GPG	O
key	O
for	O
GNU	B-Application
Emacs	I-Application
Lisp	O
Package	O
Archive	O
(	O
ELPA	O
)	O
package	O
signature	O
checking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
26.2	O
April	O
12	O
,	O
2019	O
Emacs	B-Application
modules	O
can	O
now	O
be	O
built	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
tree	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
optional	O
display	O
of	O
line	O
numbers	O
in	O
the	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs	B-Application
now	O
uses	O
double	O
buffering	O
to	O
reduce	O
flicker	O
on	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
embedding	O
native	O
widgets	O
inside	O
Emacs	B-Application
buffers	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
24.4	O
October	O
20	O
,	O
2014	O
Support	O
for	O
ACLs	O
(	O
access	O
control	O
lists	O
)	O
and	O
digital	O
signatures	O
of	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
saving	O
and	O
restoring	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
frames	B-General_Concept
and	O
windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
built-in	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
(	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
24.3	O
March	O
10	O
,	O
2013	O
Generalized	O
variables	O
are	O
now	O
in	O
core	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
,	O
an	O
update	O
for	O
the	O
Common	B-Language
Lisp	I-Language
emulation	O
library	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
major	O
mode	O
for	O
Python	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
24.2	O
August	O
27	O
,	O
2012	O
Bugfix	O
release	O
24.1	O
June	O
10	O
,	O
2012	O
ELPA	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
native	O
color	O
themes	O
,	O
optional	O
GTK+3	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
bi-directional	O
input	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
lexical	O
scoping	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Operating_System
Lisp	I-Operating_System
23.4	O
January	O
29	O
,	O
2012	O
Fixes	O
a	O
security	O
flaw	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
23.3	O
March	O
10	O
,	O
2011	O
Improved	O
functionality	O
for	O
using	O
Emacs	B-Application
with	O
version	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
23.2	O
May	O
8	O
,	O
2010	O
New	O
tools	O
for	O
using	O
Emacs	B-Application
as	O
an	O
IDE	B-Application
,	O
including	O
navigation	O
across	O
a	O
project	O
and	O
automatic	O
Makefile	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
GUIs	B-Application
,	O
the	O
cursor	O
is	O
hidden	O
while	O
the	O
user	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
23.1	O
July	O
29	O
,	O
2009	O
Support	O
for	O
anti-aliased	O
fonts	O
on	O
X	B-Operating_System
through	O
Xft	B-Application
,	O
better	O
Unicode	O
support	O
,	O
Doc-view	O
mode	O
and	O
new	O
packages	O
for	O
viewing	O
PDF	B-Application
and	O
PostScript	B-Language
files	O
,	O
connection	O
to	O
processes	O
through	O
D-Bus	B-Language
(	O
dbus	B-Language
)	O
,	O
connection	O
to	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Privacy	I-Application
Guard	I-Application
(	O
EasyPG	O
)	O
,	O
nXML	O
mode	O
for	O
editing	O
XML	B-Protocol
documents	I-Protocol
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
mode	O
for	O
editing	O
Ruby	B-Language
programs	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
of	O
the	O
Carbon	B-Operating_System
GUI	B-Application
libraries	O
on	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
modern	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
GUI	B-Application
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
22.3	O
September	O
5	O
,	O
2008	O
GTK+	B-Application
toolkit	O
support	O
,	O
enhanced	O
mouse	O
support	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
keyboard	O
macro	O
system	O
,	O
improved	O
Unicode	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
drag-and-drop	O
operation	O
on	O
X	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
new	O
modes	O
and	O
packages	O
including	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
to	O
GDB	O
,	O
Python	O
mode	O
,	O
the	O
mathematical	O
tool	O
Calc	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
remote	O
file	O
editing	O
system	O
Tramp	O
(	O
"	O
Transparent	O
Remote	O
(	O
file	O
)	O
Access	O
,	O
Multiple	O
Protocol	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
22.2	O
March	O
26	O
,	O
2008	O
New	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Bazaar	O
,	O
Mercurial	O
,	O
Monotone	O
,	O
and	O
Git	B-Application
version	I-Application
control	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
22.1	O
June	O
2	O
,	O
2007	O
Support	O
for	O
the	O
GTK+	B-Application
graphical	O
toolkit	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
drag-and-drop	O
on	O
X	B-Operating_System
,	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Carbon	B-Operating_System
UI	O
,	O
org-mode	B-Operating_System
version	O
4.67d	O
included	O
21.1	O
October	O
20	O
,	O
2001	O
Support	O
for	O
displaying	O
colors	O
and	O
some	O
other	O
attributes	O
on	O
terminals	O
,	O
built-in	O
horizontal	O
scrolling	O
,	O
sound	O
support	O
,	O
wheel	O
mouse	O
support	O
,	O
improved	O
menu-bar	O
layout	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
images	O
,	O
toolbar	O
,	O
and	O
tooltips	O
,	O
Unicode	O
support	O
20.1	O
September	O
17	O
,	O
1997	O
Multi-lingual	O
support	O
19.34	O
August	O
22	O
,	O
1996	O
bug	O
fix	O
release	O
with	O
no	O
user-visible	O
changes	O
19.31	O
May	O
25	O
,	O
1996	O
Emacs	B-Application
opens	O
X11	B-Operating_System
frames	B-General_Concept
by	O
default	O
,	O
scroll	O
bars	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
and	O
NT	B-Device
,	O
subprocesses	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
95	I-Application
,	O
to	O
recover	O
multiple	O
files	O
after	O
a	O
crash	O
,	O
some	O
features	O
removed	O
to	O
comply	O
with	O
the	O
US	O
Communications	O
Decency	O
Act	O
19.30	O
November	O
24	O
,	O
1995	O
Multiple	O
frame	O
support	O
on	O
MS	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
menu	O
bar	O
available	O
on	O
text	O
terminals	O
,	O
package	O
to	O
emulate	O
common	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Macintosh	O
keybindings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
multiple	O
frames	B-General_Concept
using	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Windowing	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
;	O
VC	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
interface	O
for	O
version	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
,	O
font-lock	O
mode	O
,	O
hexl	O
mode	O
for	O
hexadecimal	B-Application
editing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
18.24	O
October	O
2	O
,	O
1986	O
Server	O
mode	O
,	O
,	O
Emacs	B-Application
can	O
open	O
TCP	O
connections	O
,	O
to	O
open	O
Emacs	B-Application
in	O
console	O
mode	O
on	O
xterms	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
17.36	O
December	O
20	O
,	O
1985	O
Backup	O
file	O
version	O
numbers	O
16.56	O
July	O
15	O
,	O
1985	O
First	O
Emacs	B-Application
16	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emacs-lisp-mode	O
distinct	O
from	O
lisp-mode	O
,	O
remove	O
all	O
code	O
from	O
Gosling	B-Operating_System
Emacs	I-Operating_System
due	O
to	O
copyright	O
issues	O
15.10	O
April	O
11	O
,	O
1985	O
13.8	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
13.9	O
is	O
referenced	O
in	O
the	O
news	O
file	O
,	O
so	O
13.8	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
since	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
other	O
13.x	O
releases	O
named	O
.	O
</s>
