<s>
GNOME	B-Language
1	I-Language
is	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
environment	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
primary	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
consistent	O
user-friendly	B-General_Concept
environment	B-Application
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
a	O
modern	O
and	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
software	I-License
alternative	O
to	O
older	O
desktop	B-Application
environments	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Common	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
(	O
CDE	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
the	O
K	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
(	O
KDE	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
desktop	B-Application
environment	B-Application
was	O
built-upon	O
then	O
proprietary-licensed	O
widget	B-Library
toolkits	I-Library
(	O
Motif	B-Application
and	O
Qt	B-Language
respectively	O
)	O
,	O
whereas	O
GNOME	B-Application
's	O
goal	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
,	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
freely-licensed	B-License
,	O
and	O
utilize	O
the	O
GTK	B-Application
toolkit	I-Application
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
1	I-Language
was	O
announced	O
on	O
August	O
15	O
,	O
1997	O
,	O
and	O
received	O
its	O
first	O
release	O
on	O
March	O
3	O
,	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Miguel	O
de	O
Icaza	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
architect	B-Architecture
,	O
while	O
other	O
key	O
developers	O
included	O
Federico	O
Mena	O
Quintero	O
(	O
then	O
GIMP	B-Application
maintainer	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Elliot	O
Lee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	O
Hat	O
,	O
who	O
employed	O
Mena	O
and	O
Lee	O
,	O
also	O
provided	O
development	O
resources	O
through	O
its	O
"	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Advanced	O
Development	O
Labs	O
"	O
(	O
RHAD	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
founded	O
to	O
tackle	O
usability	B-General_Concept
issues	O
for	O
Linux	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
was	O
affiliated	O
with	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
during	O
this	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
the	O
Desktop	B-Application
,	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
Panel	I-Language
provides	O
the	O
core	O
functionality	O
for	O
the	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
features	O
a	O
primary	O
button	O
,	O
stylized	O
with	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
logo	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
Main	O
Menu	O
Button	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
holds	O
customizable	O
applets	B-Language
that	O
allow	O
for	O
smaller	O
individual	O
functionalities	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
clock	O
for	O
viewing	O
system	B-Operating_System
time	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
applet	B-Language
,	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Pager	B-Application
,	O
allows	O
the	O
Panel	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
taskbar	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
utilizing	O
virtual	B-Application
desktops	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Accessible	O
from	O
the	O
Main	O
Menu	O
button	O
is	O
GNOME	B-Application
's	O
centralized	O
configuration	B-General_Concept
known	O
as	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Control	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
Panel	O
with	O
its	O
applets	B-Language
,	O
each	O
setting	O
is	O
modularized	B-Architecture
with	O
individual	O
setting	O
tools	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
capplets	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capplets	O
available	O
with	O
a	O
default	O
installation	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
include	O
settings	O
for	O
modifying	O
the	O
Desktop	B-Application
's	O
background	O
with	O
a	O
wallpaper	O
image	O
or	O
basic	O
colors	O
,	O
screensaver	B-General_Concept
properties	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
1	I-Language
's	O
initial	O
project	O
scope	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
an	O
official	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
but	O
instead	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
interoperable	O
with	O
any	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
that	O
implemented	O
GNOME	B-Application
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
Pager	B-Application
and	O
Desktop	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
initial	O
implementations	O
,	O
Enlightenment	B-Application
was	O
the	O
default	O
and	O
only	O
fully-compliant	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Language
1	I-Language
did	O
eventually	O
include	O
an	O
official	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
in	O
its	O
final	O
version	O
release	O
with	O
Sawfish	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
that	O
GNOME	B-Application
uses	O
is	O
configurable	B-General_Concept
from	O
within	O
the	O
Control	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
KDE	B-Application
began	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
desktop	B-Application
environment	B-Application
to	O
provide	O
a	O
unified	O
behavior	O
and	O
appearance	O
of	O
applications	O
for	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
KDE	B-Application
adopted	O
Trolltech	O
's	O
Qt	B-Language
widget	B-Library
toolkit	I-Library
for	O
use	O
in	O
its	O
graphical	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
Qt	B-Language
Free	O
Edition	O
License	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
noted	O
by	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
that	O
such	O
a	O
license	O
was	O
not	O
compatible	O
as	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
because	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
for	O
modification	O
of	O
its	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Elliot	O
Lee	O
was	O
working	O
for	O
Red	O
Hat	O
as	O
a	O
webmaster	O
,	O
he	O
collaborated	O
with	O
Miguel	O
de	O
Icaza	O
in	O
an	O
eventually	O
unfinished	O
attempt	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
common	O
library	B-Library
for	O
applications	O
on	O
the	O
Linux	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
De	O
Icaza	O
,	O
while	O
studying	O
at	O
UNAM	O
,	O
recruited	O
two	O
fellow	O
students	O
,	O
Arturo	O
Espinosa	O
and	O
Federico	O
Mena	O
Quintero	O
,	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mena	O
became	O
a	O
developer	O
of	O
GIMP	B-Application
in	O
1996	O
,	O
and	O
wrote	O
the	O
Gradient	O
Editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
GIMP	I-Application
project	O
's	O
original	O
authors	O
,	O
Peter	O
Mattis	O
and	O
Spencer	O
Kimball	O
,	O
had	O
decided	O
to	O
transition	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Motif	B-Application
widget	I-Application
toolkit	I-Application
by	O
creating	O
a	O
new	O
widget	B-Library
toolkit	I-Library
that	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
GTK	B-Application
that	O
same	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
environment	I-Application
,	O
the	O
name	O
referred	O
to	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
GNU	B-Application
Network	I-Application
Object	I-Application
Model	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
"	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
open	O
implementation	O
of	O
an	O
inter-process	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
ABI	B-Operating_System
similar	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Component	B-Application
Object	I-Application
Model	I-Application
(	O
COM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Meeting	O
Nat	O
Friedman	O
on	O
the	O
LinuxNet	O
IRC	B-Protocol
network	I-Protocol
years	O
prior	O
,	O
De	O
Icaza	O
and	O
Friedman	O
eventually	O
met	O
face-to-face	O
in	O
the	O
Summer	O
of	O
1997	O
,	O
when	O
mutual	O
friend	O
Randy	O
Chapman	O
invited	O
De	O
Icaza	O
to	O
interview	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
as	O
a	O
developer	O
to	O
port	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
to	O
the	O
Solaris/SPARC	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
De	O
Icaza	O
became	O
aware	O
of	O
COM	O
,	O
and	O
started	O
working	O
with	O
Mena	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
version	O
for	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
original	O
effort	O
was	O
eventually	O
released	O
,	O
but	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Bonobo	B-Language
"	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
to	O
ship	O
with	O
GNOME	B-Application
as	O
its	O
default	O
desktop	B-Application
environment	B-Application
was	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Linux	O
6.0	O
released	O
the	O
following	O
month	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Red	O
Hat	O
provided	O
early	O
sponsorship	O
for	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
and	O
established	O
its	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Advanced	O
Development	O
(	O
RHAD	O
)	O
Labs	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
give	O
direct	O
code	O
and	O
programming	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Together	O
with	O
Nat	O
Friedman	O
,	O
Miguel	O
De	O
Icaza	O
formed	O
the	O
software	O
company	O
Ximian	O
,	O
which	O
largely	O
revolved	O
around	O
GNOME	B-Application
and	O
related	O
application	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eazel	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
former	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
engineer	O
Andy	O
Hertzfeld	O
in	O
Palo	O
Alto	O
,	O
formed	O
in	O
1999	O
and	O
contributed	O
the	O
Nautilus	B-Language
file	I-Language
manager	I-Language
(	O
known	O
today	O
as	O
"	O
GNOME	B-Language
Files	I-Language
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nautilus	B-Language
was	O
released	O
in	O
2001	O
,	O
and	O
became	O
the	O
default	O
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2000	O
,	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
announced	O
that	O
GNOME	B-Language
1	I-Language
would	O
replace	O
the	O
Common	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
on	O
their	O
Solaris	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hewlett	O
Packard	O
did	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
HP-UX	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
adopted	O
GNOME	B-Language
1	I-Language
including	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Linux	O
and	O
Debian	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
such	O
as	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
followed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
non-profit	O
GNOME	B-Language
Foundation	I-Language
was	O
established	O
by	O
Compaq	O
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
VA	O
Linux	O
Systems	O
,	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
Red	O
Hat	O
,	O
Eazel	O
,	O
and	O
Ximian	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
coordinating	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
an	O
annual	O
conference	O
centered	O
around	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Users	I-Application
And	I-Application
Developers	I-Application
European	I-Application
Conference	I-Application
(	O
known	O
thereafter	O
as	O
simply	O
"	O
GUADEC	B-Application
"	O
)	O
,	O
began	O
in	O
France	O
in	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GTK	B-Application
,	O
as	O
a	O
project	O
,	O
associated	O
themselves	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Project	O
's	O
umbrella	O
,	O
and	O
continued	O
as	O
a	O
core	O
piece	O
maintained	O
by	O
GNOME	B-Application
developers	O
.	O
</s>
