<s>
GNOME	B-Application
(	O
)	O
,	O
originally	O
an	O
acronym	O
for	O
GNU	B-Application
Network	I-Application
Object	I-Application
Model	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
desktop	O
environment	O
for	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
and	O
other	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
is	O
the	O
default	O
desktop	O
environment	O
of	O
many	O
major	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
,	O
including	O
Debian	O
,	O
Endless	O
OS	O
,	O
Fedora	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
Red	O
Hat	O
Enterprise	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
Enterprise	O
,	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Tails	B-Application
;	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
default	O
in	O
Oracle	B-Application
Solaris	I-Application
,	O
a	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
is	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Project	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
both	O
volunteers	O
and	O
paid	O
contributors	O
,	O
the	O
largest	O
corporate	O
contributor	O
being	O
Red	O
Hat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
international	O
project	O
that	O
aims	O
to	O
develop	O
frameworks	B-Architecture
for	O
software	O
development	O
,	O
to	O
program	O
end-user	O
applications	B-Application
based	O
on	O
these	O
frameworks	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
to	O
coordinate	O
efforts	O
for	O
internationalization	B-General_Concept
,	I-General_Concept
localization	I-General_Concept
and	O
accessibility	O
of	O
that	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
was	O
started	O
on	O
15	O
August	O
1997	O
by	O
Miguel	O
de	O
Icaza	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
project	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
desktop	O
environment	O
and	O
applications	B-Application
for	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
K	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
growing	O
in	O
popularity	O
,	O
relied	O
on	O
the	O
Qt	B-Language
widget	B-Library
toolkit	I-Library
which	O
used	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
license	I-Application
until	O
version	O
2.0	O
(	O
June	O
1999	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
place	O
of	O
Qt	B-Language
,	O
GTK	B-Application
(	O
GNOME	B-Application
Toolkit	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
called	O
GIMP	B-Application
Toolkit	I-Application
)	O
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
the	O
base	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GTK	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Lesser	I-Application
General	I-Application
Public	I-Application
License	I-Application
(	O
LGPL	B-Application
)	O
,	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
license	O
that	O
allows	O
software	O
linking	O
to	O
it	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
much	O
wider	O
set	O
of	O
licenses	O
,	O
including	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
licenses	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
itself	O
is	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
LGPL	B-Application
for	O
its	O
libraries	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPL	B-License
)	O
for	O
its	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
used	O
to	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
,	O
but	O
that	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
the	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
Executive	O
Director	O
Neil	O
McGovern	O
publicly	O
tweeted	O
that	O
GNOME	B-Application
was	O
not	O
a	O
GNU	B-Application
project	I-Application
and	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
asking	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
to	O
remove	O
GNOME	B-Application
from	O
their	O
list	O
of	O
packages	O
since	O
2019	O
;	O
in	O
2021	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
was	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
proceeded	O
to	O
remove	O
mentions	O
of	O
any	O
link	O
to	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
from	O
their	O
code	O
and	O
documentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
GNOME	B-Application
"	O
was	O
initially	O
an	O
acronym	O
of	O
GNU	B-Application
Network	I-Application
Object	I-Application
Model	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
intention	O
of	O
creating	O
a	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
object	I-Operating_System
framework	O
similar	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
OLE	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
the	O
acronym	O
was	O
eventually	O
dropped	O
because	O
it	O
no	O
longer	O
reflected	O
the	O
vision	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
California	O
startup	O
Eazel	O
developed	O
the	O
Nautilus	B-Language
file	I-Language
manager	I-Language
from	O
1999	O
to	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
De	O
Icaza	O
and	O
Nat	O
Friedman	O
founded	O
Helix	O
Code	O
(	O
later	O
Ximian	O
)	O
in	O
1999	O
in	O
Massachusetts	O
;	O
this	O
company	O
developed	O
GNOME	B-Application
's	O
infrastructure	O
and	O
applications	B-Application
and	O
was	O
purchased	O
by	O
Novell	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
and	O
shortly	O
thereafter	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
brief	O
talks	O
about	O
creating	O
a	O
GNOME	B-Application
Office	O
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
15	O
September	O
2003	O
GNOME-Office	O
1.0	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
AbiWord	B-Language
2.0	O
,	O
GNOME-DB	B-Application
1.0	O
,	O
and	O
Gnumeric	B-Language
1.2.0	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
some	O
release	O
planning	O
for	O
GNOME	B-Application
Office	O
1.2	O
was	O
happening	O
on	O
gnome-office	O
mailing	O
list	O
,	O
and	O
Gnumeric	B-Language
1.4	O
was	O
announced	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
it	O
,	O
the	O
1.2	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
suite	O
itself	O
never	O
materialized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
wiki	O
only	O
mentions	O
"	O
GNOME/GTK	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
are	O
useful	O
in	O
an	O
office	O
environment	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
was	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
2002	O
and	O
was	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
conventional	O
desktop	O
interface	O
,	O
featuring	O
a	O
simple	O
desktop	O
in	O
which	O
users	O
could	O
interact	O
with	O
virtual	O
objects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
windows	O
,	O
icons	O
,	O
and	O
files	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
started	O
out	O
with	O
Sawfish	B-Language
as	O
its	O
default	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
but	O
later	O
switched	O
to	O
Metacity	B-Language
in	O
GNOME	O
2.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
handling	O
of	O
windows	O
,	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
and	O
files	B-Language
in	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
is	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
contemporary	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
operating	I-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
default	O
configuration	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
,	O
the	O
desktop	O
has	O
a	O
launcher	O
menu	O
for	O
quick	O
access	O
to	O
installed	O
programs	O
and	O
file	O
locations	O
;	O
open	O
windows	O
may	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
a	O
taskbar	O
along	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
top-right	O
corner	O
features	O
a	O
notification	O
area	O
for	O
programs	O
to	O
display	O
notices	O
while	O
running	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2009	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
was	O
the	O
default	O
desktop	O
for	O
OpenSolaris	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MATE	B-Language
desktop	I-Language
environment	I-Language
is	O
a	O
fork	B-Application
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
codebase	O
(	O
see	O
Criticism	O
,	O
below	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
changed	O
when	O
efforts	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
was	O
released	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
GNOME	B-Language
1	I-Language
and	O
2	O
interfaces	O
followed	O
the	O
traditional	O
desktop	B-Application
metaphor	I-Application
,	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
adopted	O
a	O
more	O
abstract	O
metaphor	O
with	O
streamlined	O
window	B-Application
management	I-Application
workflow	O
(	O
where	O
switching	O
between	O
different	O
tasks	O
and	O
virtual	B-Application
desktops	I-Application
took	O
place	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
area	O
called	O
theoverview	O
)	O
,	O
unified	O
header	O
bar	O
(	O
replacing	O
menu	O
bar	O
,	O
taskbar	O
,	O
and	O
toolbar	O
)	O
,,	O
and	O
minimize	O
and	O
maximize	O
buttons	O
hidden	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
brought	O
many	O
enhancements	O
to	O
core	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
GNOME	B-Language
Core	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
also	O
went	O
through	O
redesigns	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
more	O
consistent	O
user	B-Application
experience	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mutter	B-Language
replaced	O
Metacity	B-Language
as	O
the	O
default	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adwaita	B-Language
replaced	O
Clearlooks	B-Application
as	O
the	O
default	O
theme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
caused	O
considerable	O
controversy	O
in	O
the	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
and	O
Linux	B-Application
communities	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aiming	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
easy-to-use	O
and	O
uncluttered	O
user	B-Application
experience	I-Application
has	O
led	O
to	O
some	O
criticized	O
design	O
decisions	O
,	O
like	O
removal	O
of	O
minimize	O
and	O
maximize	O
buttons	O
,	O
simplification	O
of	O
configuration	O
options	O
,	O
and	O
visual	O
clues	O
which	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
confusion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
projects	O
have	O
been	O
initiated	O
to	O
continue	O
development	O
of	O
GNOME	O
2.x	O
or	O
to	O
modify	O
GNOME	O
3.x	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
like	O
the	O
2.x	O
releases	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MATE	B-Language
desktop	I-Language
environment	I-Language
was	O
forked	B-Application
from	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
code-base	O
with	O
the	O
intent	O
of	O
retaining	O
the	O
traditional	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
interface	O
whilst	O
keeping	O
compatibility	O
with	O
modern	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
technology	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
GTK	B-Application
3	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Linux	B-Application
Mint	I-Application
team	I-Application
addressed	O
the	O
issue	O
by	O
developing	O
"	O
Mint	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
Extensions	O
"	O
that	O
ran	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
and	O
allowed	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
via	O
the	O
traditional	O
desktop	B-Application
metaphor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
eventually	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
Cinnamon	B-Language
user	I-Language
interface	I-Language
,	O
which	O
was	O
forked	B-Application
from	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
codebase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LXDE	B-Language
Project	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
experimenting	O
with	O
a	O
Qt	B-Language
port	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
joined	O
the	O
Razor-qt	B-Language
Team	O
and	O
became	O
LXQt	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Canonical	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
developing	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
,	O
ceased	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
developers	O
during	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
planning	O
phases	O
and	O
released	O
their	O
own	O
shell	O
Unity	B-Device
,	O
replacing	O
GNOME	B-Application
as	O
the	O
default	O
desktop	O
shell	O
in	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
11.04	O
"	O
Natty	O
Narwhal	O
"	O
released	O
in	O
April	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
,	O
Unity	B-Device
had	O
only	O
been	O
intended	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
the	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
Netbook	O
Edition	O
starting	O
with	O
version	O
10.10	O
and	O
a	O
now-canceled	O
edition	O
of	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
called	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
Light	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
those	O
critical	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
releases	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
is	O
Linus	O
Torvalds	O
,	O
the	O
creator	O
of	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Torvalds	O
abandoned	O
GNOME	B-Application
for	O
a	O
while	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
saying	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
developers	O
have	O
apparently	O
decided	O
that	O
it	O
's	O
'	O
too	O
complicated	O
 '	O
to	O
actually	O
do	O
real	O
work	O
on	O
your	O
desktop	O
,	O
and	O
have	O
decided	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
really	O
annoying	O
to	O
do	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
then	O
switched	O
to	O
Xfce	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Torvalds	O
resumed	O
using	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
noting	O
that	O
"	O
they	O
have	O
extensions	O
now	O
that	O
are	O
still	O
much	O
too	O
hard	O
to	O
find	O
;	O
but	O
with	O
extensions	O
you	O
can	O
make	O
your	O
desktop	O
look	O
almost	O
as	O
good	O
as	O
it	O
used	O
to	O
look	O
two	O
years	O
ago	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Debian	O
,	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
that	O
had	O
historically	O
used	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
,	O
switched	O
to	O
Xfce	B-Language
when	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
was	O
released	O
,	O
but	O
re-adopted	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
in	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Debian	O
8	O
"	O
Jessie	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
switched	O
from	O
Unity	B-Device
to	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
with	O
several	O
extensions	O
to	O
resemble	O
Unity	B-Device
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
persistent	O
left	O
application	O
panel	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
hidden	O
dock	O
and	O
re-enabling	O
desktop	O
icons	O
,	O
with	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
17.10	O
Artful	O
Aardvark	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
also	O
saw	O
the	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
GNOME	B-Application
edition	O
merged	O
with	O
the	O
mainline	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
40	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
24	O
March	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
40	O
organizes	O
workspaces	B-Application
and	O
the	O
dash	O
in	O
a	O
horizontal	O
fashion	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
using	O
a	O
vertical	O
design	O
in	O
its	O
activities	O
overview	O
like	O
its	O
predecessors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
also	O
brings	O
new	O
touchpad	B-Application
gestures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
41	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
22	O
September	O
2021	O
and	O
introduced	O
a	O
rewritten	O
and	O
redesigned	O
GNOME	B-Language
Software	I-Language
application	O
manager	O
,	O
a	O
multitasking	O
panel	O
and	O
a	O
mobile	O
network	O
(	O
for	O
WWAN	B-General_Concept
)	O
panel	O
in	O
settings	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
remote	B-Protocol
desktop	I-Protocol
app	I-Protocol
called	O
Connections	O
,	O
updates	O
to	O
GNOME	B-Application
Music	O
app	O
,	O
and	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
power	O
mode	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
42	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
23	O
March	O
2022	O
and	O
introduces	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
screen	O
record	O
,	O
switch	O
light/dark	O
themes	O
using	O
a	O
new	O
GTK	B-Application
API	B-Application
called	O
Libadwaita	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
43	O
(	O
Guadalajara	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
21	O
September	O
2022	O
and	O
introduces	O
new	O
quick	O
settings	O
,	O
a	O
GNOME	B-Language
Files	I-Language
update	O
to	O
GTK4	B-Application
,	O
new	O
device	O
security	O
panel	O
in	O
settings	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Language
Web	I-Language
bringing	O
in	O
support	O
for	O
web	O
apps	O
and	O
experimental	O
extension	O
support	O
with	O
Firefox	B-Application
extensions	O
and	O
Chrome	B-Application
extensions	O
among	O
many	O
other	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
44	O
(	O
Kuala	O
Lumpur	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
March	O
22	O
,	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
of	O
the	O
component	O
software	O
products	O
in	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
project	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
version	O
number	O
and	O
release	O
schedule	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
individual	O
module	O
maintainers	O
coordinate	O
their	O
efforts	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
full	O
GNOME	B-Application
stable	O
release	O
on	O
an	O
approximately	O
six-month	O
schedule	O
,	O
alongside	O
its	O
underlying	O
libraries	O
such	O
as	O
GTK	B-Application
and	O
GLib	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
GNOME	B-Application
40	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
version	O
numbers	O
followed	O
the	O
scheme	O
v.xx.yy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
,	O
v	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
version	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
include	O
large	O
changes	O
such	O
as	O
ABI	B-Operating_System
breakage	O
;	O
these	O
have	O
no	O
regular	O
schedule	O
and	O
occur	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
requirements	O
for	O
large-scale	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
40	O
started	O
a	O
new	O
versioning	O
scheme	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
single	O
number	O
is	O
incremented	O
each	O
biannual	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
releases	O
are	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
FTP	O
server	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
source	O
code	O
with	O
configure	B-Device
scripts	I-Device
,	O
which	O
are	O
compiled	O
by	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
vendors	O
and	O
integrated	O
with	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
their	O
systems	O
before	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
vendors	O
only	O
use	O
stable	O
and	O
tested	O
versions	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
and	O
provide	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
easily	O
installed	O
,	O
pre-compiled	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
every	O
stable	O
and	O
development	O
version	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
is	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
git	B-Application
source	B-General_Concept
code	I-General_Concept
repository	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interested	O
users	O
can	O
obtain	O
a	O
snapshot	O
of	O
a	O
git	B-Application
branch	O
and	O
build	O
a	O
cutting-edge	O
version	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
build	O
scripts	B-Language
(	O
such	O
as	O
JHBuild	O
or	O
formerly	O
GARNOME	O
)	O
are	B-Language
available	I-Language
to	O
help	O
automate	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
compiling	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
Date	O
Information	O
August	O
1997	O
GNOME	B-Application
development	O
announced	O
1.0	O
March	O
1999	O
First	O
major	O
GNOME	B-Application
release	O
1.2	O
May	O
2000	O
Codename	O
"	O
Bongo	O
"	O
1.4	O
April	O
2001	O
Codename	O
"	O
Tranquility	O
"	O
2.0	O
June	O
2002	O
Major	O
upgrade	O
based	O
on	O
GTK2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Introduction	O
of	O
the	O
Human	B-Application
Interface	I-Application
Guidelines	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.4	O
Codename	O
"	O
Temujin	O
"	O
:	O
Epiphany	B-Language
,	O
accessibility	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.6	O
March	O
2004	O
Nautilus	B-Language
changes	O
to	O
a	O
spatial	O
file	O
manager	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
GTK	B-Application
file	O
dialog	O
is	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
short-lived	O
fork	B-Application
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
GoneME	O
,	O
is	O
created	O
as	O
a	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
this	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.8	O
September	O
2004	O
Improved	O
removable	O
device	O
support	O
,	O
adds	O
Evolution	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adds	O
:	O
new	O
panel	O
applets	B-Language
(	O
modem	O
control	O
,	O
drive	O
mounter	O
and	O
trashcan	O
)	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
Totem	B-Language
and	O
Sound	B-Language
Juicer	I-Language
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.12	O
September	O
2005	O
Nautilus	B-Language
improvements	O
;	O
improvements	O
in	O
cut/paste	O
between	O
applications	B-Application
and	O
freedesktop.org	B-Application
integration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adds	O
:	O
Evince	B-Language
PDF	O
viewer	O
;	O
New	O
default	O
theme	O
:	O
Clearlooks	B-Application
;	O
menu	O
editor	O
;	O
keyring	O
manager	O
and	O
admin	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
GTK	B-Application
2.8	O
with	O
cairo	B-Language
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.14	O
March	O
2006	O
Performance	O
improvements	O
(	O
over	O
100%	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
)	O
;	O
usability	O
improvements	O
in	O
user	O
preferences	O
;	O
GStreamer	B-Language
0.10	O
multimedia	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adds	O
:	O
Ekiga	B-Language
video	B-Application
conferencing	I-Application
application	O
;	O
Deskbar	O
search	O
tool	O
;	O
Pessulus	O
lockdown	O
editor	O
;	O
Fast	O
user	O
switching	O
;	O
Sabayon	O
system	O
administration	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adds	O
:	O
Tomboy	B-Language
notetaking	O
application	O
;	O
Baobab	B-Language
disk	O
usage	O
analyser	O
;	O
Orca	B-Language
screen	I-Language
reader	I-Language
;	O
GNOME	B-Application
Power	O
Manager	O
(	O
improving	O
laptop	O
battery	O
life	O
)	O
;	O
improvements	O
to	O
Totem	B-Language
,	O
Nautilus	B-Language
;	O
compositing	O
support	O
for	O
Metacity	B-Language
;	O
new	O
icon	O
theme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
GTK	B-Application
2.10	O
with	O
new	O
print	O
dialog	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adds	O
:	O
Seahorse	B-Application
GPG	B-Application
security	O
application	O
,	O
allowing	O
encryption	O
of	O
emails	O
and	O
local	O
files	B-Language
;	O
Baobab	B-Language
disk	O
usage	O
analyser	O
improved	O
to	O
support	O
ring	O
chart	O
view	O
;	O
Orca	B-Language
screen	I-Language
reader	I-Language
;	O
improvements	O
to	O
Evince	B-Language
,	O
Epiphany	B-Language
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
Power	O
Manager	O
,	O
Volume	O
control	O
;	O
two	O
new	O
games	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
Sudoku	O
and	O
glChess	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Evolution	B-Language
backup	O
functionality	O
;	O
improvements	O
in	O
Epiphany	B-Language
,	O
EOG	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
Power	O
Manager	O
;	O
password	O
keyring	O
management	O
in	O
Seahorse	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adds	O
:	O
PDF	O
forms	O
editing	O
in	O
Evince	B-Language
;	O
integrated	O
search	O
in	O
the	O
file	O
manager	O
dialogs	O
;	O
automatic	O
multimedia	B-General_Concept
codec	I-General_Concept
installer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.22	O
March	O
2008	O
Addition	O
of	O
Cheese	B-Language
,	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
taking	O
photos	O
from	O
webcams	O
and	O
Remote	B-Language
Desktop	I-Language
Viewer	I-Language
;	O
basic	O
window	O
compositing	O
support	O
in	O
Metacity	B-Language
;	O
introduction	O
of	O
GVfs	B-Language
;	O
improved	O
playback	O
support	O
for	O
DVDs	O
and	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
,	O
MythTV	B-Application
support	O
in	O
Totem	B-Language
;	O
internationalised	O
clock	O
applet	B-Language
;	O
Google	B-Application
Calendar	I-Application
support	O
and	O
message	O
tagging	O
in	O
Evolution	B-Language
;	O
improvements	O
in	O
Evince	B-Language
,	O
Tomboy	B-Language
,	O
Sound	B-Language
Juicer	I-Language
and	O
Calculator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deprecate	O
GnomeVFS	B-Application
in	O
favor	O
of	O
GVfs	B-Language
and	O
GIO	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.24	O
September	O
2008	O
Addition	O
of	O
the	O
Empathy	O
instant	O
messenger	O
client	O
,	O
Ekiga	B-Language
3.0	O
,	O
tabbed	O
browsing	O
in	O
Nautilus	B-Language
,	O
better	O
multiple	O
screens	O
support	O
and	O
improved	O
digital	O
TV	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.26	O
March	O
2009	O
New	O
optical	O
disc	O
recording	O
application	O
Brasero	B-Language
,	O
simpler	O
file	O
sharing	O
,	O
media	O
player	O
improvements	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
multiple	B-General_Concept
monitors	I-General_Concept
and	O
fingerprint	O
reader	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.28	O
September	O
2009	O
Addition	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
Bluetooth	O
module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improvements	O
to	O
Epiphany	B-Language
web	O
browser	O
,	O
Empathy	O
instant	O
messenger	O
client	O
,	O
Time	O
Tracker	B-Application
,	O
and	O
accessibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upgrade	O
to	O
GTK	B-Application
version	O
2.18	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.30	O
March	O
2010	O
Improvements	O
to	O
Nautilus	B-Language
file	I-Language
manager	I-Language
,	O
Empathy	O
instant	O
messenger	O
client	O
,	O
Tomboy	B-Language
,	O
Evince	B-Language
,	O
Time	O
Tracker	B-Application
,	O
Epiphany	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Vinagre	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
iPod	O
and	O
iPod	O
Touch	O
devices	O
are	O
now	O
partially	O
supported	O
via	O
GVfs	B-Language
through	O
libimobiledevice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uses	O
GTK	B-Application
2.20	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.32	O
September	O
2010	O
Addition	O
of	O
Rygel	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
Color	O
Manager	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improvements	O
to	O
Empathy	O
instant	O
messenger	O
client	O
,	O
Evince	B-Language
,	O
Nautilus	B-Language
file	I-Language
manager	I-Language
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.0	O
April	O
2011	O
Introduction	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Topic-oriented	O
help	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Mallard	B-Language
markup	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adoption	O
of	O
GTK	O
3.0	O
with	O
its	O
improved	O
language	B-Application
bindings	I-Application
,	O
themes	O
,	O
touch	O
,	O
and	O
multiplatform	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Removal	O
of	O
long-deprecated	O
development	B-Application
APIs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.2	O
September	O
2011	O
Online	O
accounts	O
support	O
;	O
Web	O
applications	B-Application
support	O
;	O
contacts	O
manager	O
;	O
documents	O
and	O
files	B-Language
manager	O
;	O
quick	O
preview	O
of	O
files	B-Language
in	O
the	O
File	O
Manager	O
;	O
greater	O
integration	O
;	O
better	O
documentation	O
;	O
enhanced	O
looks	O
and	O
various	O
performance	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.4	O
March	O
2012	O
New	O
Look	O
for	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
Applications	B-Application
:	O
Documents	O
,	O
Epiphany	B-Language
(	O
now	O
called	O
Web	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
Contacts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	B-Application
calling	I-Application
and	O
Live	O
Messenger	O
support	O
in	O
Empathy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Better	O
accessibility	O
:	O
Improved	O
Orca	B-Language
integration	O
,	O
better	O
high	O
contrast	O
mode	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
zoom	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.6	O
September	O
2012	O
Refreshed	O
Core	O
components	O
:	O
New	O
applications	B-Application
button	O
and	O
improved	O
layout	O
in	O
the	O
Activities	O
Overview	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integrated	O
Input	B-General_Concept
Methods	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
applications	B-Application
:	O
Boxes	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
introduced	O
as	O
a	O
preview	O
version	O
in	O
GNOME	O
3.4	O
,	O
and	O
Clocks	O
,	O
an	O
application	O
to	O
handle	O
world	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Updated	O
looks	O
for	O
Disk	B-Language
Usage	I-Language
Analyzer	I-Language
,	O
Empathy	O
and	O
Font	O
Viewer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improved	O
braille	O
support	O
in	O
Orca	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Evolution	B-Language
renders	O
email	O
using	O
WebKit	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
improvements	O
to	O
Disks	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revamped	O
Files	B-Language
application	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Nautilus	B-Language
)	O
,	O
with	O
new	O
features	O
like	O
Recent	O
files	B-Language
and	O
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.8	O
March	O
2013	O
Refreshed	O
Core	O
components	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
applications	B-Application
view	O
with	O
frequently	O
used	O
and	O
all	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
input	B-General_Concept
methods	I-General_Concept
OSD	O
switcher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNOME	B-Application
Settings	O
application	O
features	O
an	O
updated	O
toolbar	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
Online	O
Accounts	O
integrates	O
with	O
more	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Documents	O
has	O
gained	O
a	O
new	O
dual	O
page	O
mode	O
&	O
Google	B-Application
Documents	O
integration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improved	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
of	O
Contacts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
Files	I-Language
,	O
GNOME	B-Language
Boxes	I-Language
and	O
GNOME	B-Language
Disks	I-Language
have	O
received	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
of	O
ownCloud	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
GNOME	B-Language
Core	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
:	O
GNOME	B-Application
Clocks	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
Weather	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
collection	O
of	O
new	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
including	O
GNOME	B-Application
Maps	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
Notes	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
Music	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
Photos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HiDPI	B-Algorithm
support	O
and	O
smart	O
card	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
D-Bus	B-Language
activation	O
made	O
possible	O
with	O
GLib	B-Language
2.38	O
3.12	O
March	O
2014	O
Improved	O
keyboard	O
navigation	O
and	O
window	O
selection	O
in	O
the	O
Overview	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Customizable	O
application	O
folders	O
in	O
the	O
Applications	B-Application
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Introduction	O
of	O
new	O
GTK	B-Application
widgets	O
such	O
as	O
popovers	O
in	O
many	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
tab	O
style	O
in	O
GTK	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
Videos	I-Language
,	O
GNOME	B-Language
Terminal	I-Language
and	O
gedit	B-Language
were	O
given	O
a	O
fresh	O
look	O
,	O
more	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
HIG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
search	O
provider	O
for	O
the	O
terminal	O
emulator	O
is	O
included	O
in	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improvements	O
to	O
GNOME	B-Language
Software	I-Language
and	O
high-density	O
display	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
desktop	O
notifications	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Progress	O
in	O
the	O
Wayland	B-Language
port	O
has	O
reached	O
a	O
usable	O
state	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
optionally	O
previewed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
Software	I-Language
supports	O
managing	O
installed	O
add-ons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
Photos	O
adds	O
support	O
for	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Redesigned	O
UI	O
for	O
Evince	B-Language
,	O
Sudoku	O
,	O
Mines	O
and	O
Weather	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hitori	O
is	O
added	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
Games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improvements	O
to	O
notifications	O
including	O
integration	O
with	O
Calendar	O
applet	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tweaks	O
to	O
various	O
apps	O
including	O
Files	B-Language
,	O
Image	O
Viewer	O
,	O
and	O
Maps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
Preview	O
applications	B-Application
:	O
Calendar	O
,	O
Characters	O
,	O
Books	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Continued	O
porting	O
from	O
X11	B-Operating_System
to	O
Wayland	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.18	O
September	O
2015	O
Major	O
changes	O
include	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
integration	O
in	O
Files	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Touchpad	B-Application
gestures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
new	O
applications	B-Application
:	O
GNOME	B-Application
Calendar	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Language
Character	I-Language
Map	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Significant	O
improvements	O
to	O
Files	B-Language
,	O
Boxes	O
and	O
Polari	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.20	O
March	O
2016	O
Significant	O
improvements	O
to	O
many	O
core	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
system	O
upgrades	O
and	O
reviews	O
in	O
Software	O
,	O
simple	O
photo	O
editing	O
in	O
Photos	O
and	O
improved	O
search	O
in	O
Files	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Platform	O
improvements	O
include	O
shortcut	O
help	O
windows	O
which	O
are	B-Language
available	I-Language
in	O
many	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
a	O
refined	O
font	O
,	O
and	O
better	O
control	O
of	O
location	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.22	O
September	O
2016	O
GNOME	O
3.22	O
applications	B-Application
are	O
based	O
on	O
GTK	B-Application
3.22	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
gtk-3.x	O
release	O
Wayland	B-Language
is	O
now	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
Software	I-Language
can	O
install	O
and	O
update	O
Flatpaks	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Language
Builder	I-Language
can	O
create	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
desktop	O
provides	O
portal	O
implementations	O
to	O
enable	O
sandboxed	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improvements	O
to	O
core	O
GNOME	B-Application
applications	B-Application
include	O
support	O
for	O
batch	O
renaming	O
in	O
Files	B-Language
,	O
sharing	O
support	O
in	O
GNOME	B-Application
Photos	O
,	O
an	O
updated	O
look	O
for	O
GNOME	B-Language
Software	I-Language
,	O
a	O
redesigned	O
keyboard	O
settings	O
panel	O
,	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnome	B-Application
Calendar	O
got	O
a	O
week	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnome	B-Language
Web	I-Language
got	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
adding	O
and	O
managing	O
bookmarks	O
,	O
and	O
ships	O
with	O
Easy	O
Privacy	O
as	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.26	O
September	O
2017	O
New	O
look	O
for	O
the	O
Settings	O
application	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
new	O
navigation	O
sidebar	O
and	O
improved	O
network	O
and	O
display	O
settings	O
,	O
and	O
browser	O
synchronization	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
Firefox	B-Application
Sync	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Color	O
emoji	O
are	O
now	O
supported	O
throughout	O
GNOME	B-Application
and	O
will	O
be	O
visible	O
wherever	O
they	O
appear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
,	O
productivity	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
key	O
focus	O
for	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
meet	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
Human	B-Application
Interface	I-Application
Guidelines	I-Application
(	O
HIG	O
)	O
were	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
GNOME	B-Application
programs	O
share	O
a	O
coherent	O
style	O
of	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
employment	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
GUI	B-Application
widgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
,	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
GUI	B-Application
is	O
guided	O
by	O
concepts	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
HIG	O
,	O
itself	O
relying	O
on	O
insights	O
from	O
cognitive	O
ergonomics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
HIG	O
,	O
developers	O
can	O
create	O
high-quality	O
,	O
consistent	O
,	O
and	O
usable	O
GUI	B-Application
programs	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
addresses	O
everything	O
from	O
GUI	B-Application
design	O
to	O
recommended	O
pixel-based	O
layout	O
of	O
widgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
2	I-Language
rewrite	O
,	O
many	O
settings	O
deemed	O
of	O
little	O
value	O
to	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
users	O
were	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
aims	O
to	O
make	O
and	O
keep	O
the	O
desktop	O
environment	O
physically	O
and	O
cognitively	O
ergonomic	O
for	O
people	O
with	O
disabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNOME	B-Application
HIG	O
tries	O
to	O
take	O
this	O
into	O
account	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
possible	O
but	O
specific	O
issues	O
are	O
solved	O
by	O
special	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
addresses	O
computer	O
accessibility	O
issues	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Accessibility	B-Language
Toolkit	I-Language
(	O
ATK	O
)	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
which	O
allows	O
enhancing	O
user	B-Application
experience	I-Application
by	O
using	O
special	O
input	B-General_Concept
methods	I-General_Concept
and	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
and	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particular	O
utilities	O
are	O
registered	O
with	O
ATK	O
using	O
Assistive	B-Language
Technology	I-Language
Service	I-Language
Provider	I-Language
Interface	I-Language
(	O
AT-SPI	B-Language
)	O
,	O
and	O
become	O
globally	O
used	O
throughout	O
the	O
desktop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
assistive	O
technology	O
providers	O
,	O
including	O
Orca	B-Language
screen	I-Language
reader	I-Language
and	O
Dasher	B-Language
input	B-General_Concept
method	I-General_Concept
,	O
were	O
developed	O
specifically	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
internationalization	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
localization	I-General_Concept
of	O
GNOME	B-Language
software	I-Language
relies	O
on	O
locale	B-Device
,	O
and	O
supports	O
197	O
languages	O
with	O
varying	O
levels	O
of	O
completion	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
not	O
being	O
translated	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
allows	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
login	B-Operating_System
sessions	I-Operating_System
for	O
desktop	O
and	O
one	O
for	O
mobile	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
session	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
and	O
Mutter	B-Language
(	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
default	O
and	O
offers	O
a	O
mobile-like	O
paradigm	O
for	O
launching	O
applications	B-Application
and	O
accessing	O
open	O
windows	O
and	O
virtual	B-Application
desktops	I-Application
,	O
but	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extensions	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
for	O
the	O
appearance	O
to	O
be	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
traditional	O
taskbar	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
basic	O
start	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
session	O
uses	O
more	O
RAM	O
and	O
CPU	O
due	O
to	O
use	O
of	O
JavaScript	B-Language
for	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
and	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
extensions	O
,	O
and	O
requiring	O
3D	O
acceleration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
is	O
the	O
default	O
graphical	O
shell	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clicking	O
on	O
the	O
Activities	O
button	O
,	O
moving	O
the	O
mouse	O
to	O
the	O
top-left	O
hot	O
corner	O
or	O
pressing	O
the	O
Super	B-Device
key	I-Device
brings	O
up	O
the	O
Overview	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Overview	O
gives	O
users	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
current	O
activities	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
switch	O
between	O
windows	O
and	O
workspaces	B-Application
and	O
to	O
launch	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dash	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
houses	O
shortcuts	O
to	O
favorite	O
applications	B-Application
and	O
open	O
windows	O
and	O
an	O
application	O
picker	O
button	O
to	O
show	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
all	O
installed	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
search	O
bar	O
appears	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
and	O
a	O
workspace	B-Application
list	O
for	O
switching	O
between	O
workspaces	B-Application
is	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beginning	O
with	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.8	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
officially	O
supported	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
extensions	O
that	O
provide	O
Applications	B-Application
menu	O
(	O
a	O
basic	O
start	O
menu	O
)	O
and	O
"	O
Places	O
menu	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
top	O
bar	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
panel	O
with	O
windows	O
list	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
that	O
lets	O
quickly	O
minimize	O
and	O
restore	O
open	O
windows	O
,	O
a	O
"	O
Show	O
Desktop	O
"	O
button	O
in	O
the	O
bottom	O
left	O
and	O
virtual	B-Application
desktops	I-Application
in	O
the	O
bottom	O
right	O
corner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
Flashback	O
is	O
an	O
official	O
session	O
for	O
GNOME	B-Language
3	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
GNOME	B-Language
Panel	I-Language
and	O
Metacity	B-Language
,	O
it	O
is	O
lightweight	O
,	O
has	O
lower	O
hardware	O
requirements	O
,	O
and	O
uses	O
less	O
system	B-General_Concept
resources	I-General_Concept
than	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
a	O
traditional	O
and	O
highly	O
customizable	O
taskbar	O
(	O
panel	O
)	O
with	O
many	O
plug-ins	O
bundled	O
in	O
one	O
package	O
(	O
gnome-applets	O
)	O
including	O
a	O
customizable	O
start	O
menu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
a	O
similar	O
user	B-Application
experience	I-Application
to	O
the	O
GNOME	O
2.x	O
series	O
and	O
has	O
customization	O
capacities	O
as	O
built-in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
Flashback	O
consists	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
libhandy	O
library	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
GNOME	B-Language
Shell	I-Language
to	O
create	O
a	O
responsive	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
that	O
dynamically	O
adapts	O
to	O
device	O
form	O
factor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
GTK4	B-Application
the	O
libhandy	O
library	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
libadwaita	B-Language
library	O
for	O
creating	O
responsive	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
is	O
developed	O
by	O
GNOME	B-Application
Project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
development	O
is	O
loosely	O
managed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Discourse	B-Protocol
forum	O
in	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
discussion	O
moved	O
from	O
mailing	O
lists	O
and	O
in	O
October	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
announced	O
the	O
plan	O
to	O
close	O
all	O
its	O
public	O
mailing	O
lists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
developers	O
and	O
users	O
gather	O
at	O
an	O
annual	O
GUADEC	B-Application
meeting	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
and	O
the	O
future	O
direction	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
incorporates	O
standards	O
and	O
programs	O
from	O
freedesktop.org	B-Application
to	O
better	O
support	O
interoperability	O
with	O
other	O
desktops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
is	O
mainly	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
Vala	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
language	B-Application
bindings	I-Application
are	B-Language
available	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GLib	B-Language
data	O
structures	O
and	O
utilities	O
library	O
,	O
GObject	B-Language
object	O
and	O
type	O
system	O
and	O
GTK	B-Application
widget	B-Library
toolkit	I-Library
comprise	O
the	O
central	O
part	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
development	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
foundation	O
is	O
further	O
extended	O
with	O
D-Bus	B-Language
IPC	B-Operating_System
framework	O
,	O
Cairo	B-Language
2D	O
vector-based	O
drawing	O
library	O
,	O
Clutter	B-Language
accelerated	O
graphics	O
library	O
,	O
Pango	B-Language
international	O
text	O
rendering	O
library	O
,	O
PulseAudio	B-Library
and	O
PipeWire	B-Application
low-level	O
audio	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
GStreamer	B-Language
multimedia	O
framework	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
specialized	O
libraries	O
including	O
NetworkManager	B-Protocol
,	O
PackageKit	B-Language
,	O
Telepathy	B-Protocol
(	O
instant	O
messaging	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
WebKit	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
Display	I-Language
Manager	I-Language
(	O
GDM	B-Language
)	O
,	O
which	O
manages	O
user	O
sessions	O
,	O
X	B-Operating_System
and	O
Wayland	B-Language
alike	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Operating_System
color	O
management	O
,	O
udev	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
environment	I-Application
does	O
not	O
consist	O
solely	O
of	O
the	O
graphical	O
control	O
element	O
library	O
GTK	B-Application
and	O
the	O
core	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
quite	O
a	O
few	O
additional	O
software	O
packages	O
that	O
make	O
up	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
environment	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
runs	O
on	O
Wayland	B-Language
and	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	B-Language
support	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
GNOME	O
3.10	O
and	O
deemed	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
users	O
 [ … ] 	O
a	O
usable	O
day	O
to	O
day	O
experience	O
"	O
by	O
3.20	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
point	O
Wayland	B-Language
became	O
the	O
default	O
user	O
session	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
GNOME	O
3.24	O
,	O
Wayland	B-Language
compatibility	O
was	O
extended	O
to	O
Nvidia	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.30	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
run	O
GNOME	B-Application
without	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
using	O
only	O
Wayland	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
Lennart	O
Poettering	O
proposed	O
systemd	B-Application
as	O
a	O
GNOME	B-Application
dependency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
systemd	B-Application
is	O
available	O
only	O
on	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
proposal	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
discussion	O
of	O
possibly	O
dropping	O
support	O
for	O
other	O
platforms	O
in	O
future	O
GNOME	B-Application
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
GNOME	O
3.2	O
multiseat	B-Operating_System
support	O
has	O
only	O
been	O
available	O
on	O
systems	O
using	O
systemd	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2012	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
release	O
team	O
concluded	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
compile	O
time	O
dependency	O
on	O
systemd	B-Application
for	O
basic	O
functionality	O
,	O
like	O
session	O
tracking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
concept	O
of	O
systemd	B-Application
inhibitors	O
in	O
alternatives	O
like	O
consolekit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
GTK	B-Application
and	O
Clutter-based	O
programs	O
written	O
by	O
various	O
authors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Application
3.0	O
,	O
GNOME	B-Application
Project	O
concentrates	O
on	O
developing	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
programs	O
that	O
accounts	O
for	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
Core	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
commonalities	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
Core	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
are	O
the	O
adherence	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
GNOME	B-Application
Human	B-Application
Interface	I-Application
Guidelines	I-Application
(	O
HIG	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
tight	O
integration	O
with	O
underlying	O
GNOME	B-Application
layers	O
like	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
GVfs	B-Language
(	O
GNOME	B-Language
virtual	I-Language
filesystem	I-Language
)	O
and	O
also	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
GOA	O
(	O
gnome-online-accounts	O
)	O
settings	O
and	O
GNOME	B-Language
Files	I-Language
with	O
Google	B-Application
Drive	I-Application
and	O
GNOME	B-Application
Photos	O
with	O
Google	B-Algorithm
Photos	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
programs	O
are	O
simply	O
existing	O
programs	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
name	O
and	O
revamped	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
while	O
others	O
have	O
been	O
written	O
from	O
scratch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Application
Games	O
have	O
the	O
look	O
and	O
feel	O
of	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Language
Core	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
and	O
are	O
released	O
simultaneously	O
with	O
GNOME	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
have	O
been	O
rewritten	O
to	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
GNOME	B-Application
Human	B-Application
Interface	I-Application
Guidelines	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programmers	O
have	O
written	O
software	O
to	O
provide	O
development	O
tools	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
and	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Language
software	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNOME	B-Language
Builder	I-Language
is	O
the	O
new	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
,	O
Anjuta	B-Language
is	O
the	O
older	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glade	B-Language
Interface	I-Language
Designer	I-Language
software	O
constructs	O
graphical	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
using	O
the	O
graphical	O
control	O
elements	O
in	O
GTK	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devhelp	B-Language
is	O
an	O
API	B-Application
browser	O
,	O
Accerciser	O
an	O
accessibility	O
explorer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
debugging	O
tools	O
,	O
including	O
Nemiver	B-Language
,	O
GtkInspector	O
and	O
Alleyoop	O
,	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
provided	O
to	O
facilitate	O
development	O
of	O
GNOME	B-Language
software	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
libsoup	O
library	O
enables	O
access	O
to	O
HTTP	O
servers	O
from	O
GNOME	B-Application
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
BuildStream	O
is	O
a	O
flexible	O
and	O
extensible	O
framework	O
for	O
the	O
modeling	O
of	O
build	O
and	O
CI	O
pipelines	O
in	O
a	O
declarative	O
YAML	B-Protocol
format	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
