<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
specification	O
for	O
home	O
networking	O
with	O
data	O
rates	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
Gbit/s	O
and	O
operation	O
over	O
four	O
types	O
of	O
legacy	O
wires	O
:	O
telephone	O
wiring	O
,	O
coaxial	O
cables	O
,	O
power	O
lines	O
and	O
plastic	B-Application
optical	I-Application
fiber	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
single	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
semiconductor	O
device	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
network	O
over	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
supported	O
home	O
wire	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
was	O
developed	O
under	O
the	O
International	O
Telecommunication	O
Union	O
's	O
Telecommunication	O
Standardization	O
sector	O
(	O
the	O
ITU-T	O
)	O
and	O
promoted	O
by	O
the	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
and	O
several	O
other	O
organizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ITU-T	O
Recommendation	O
(	O
the	O
ITU	O
's	O
term	O
for	O
standard	O
)	O
G.9960	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
received	O
approval	O
on	O
October	O
9	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
specified	O
the	O
physical	B-Application
layers	I-Application
and	O
the	O
architecture	O
of	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Data	B-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
(	O
Recommendation	O
G.9961	B-General_Concept
)	O
was	O
approved	O
on	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Key	O
promoters	O
CEPCA	O
,	O
HomePNA	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
UPA	O
,	O
creators	O
of	O
two	O
of	O
these	O
interfaces	O
,	O
united	O
behind	O
the	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
in	O
February	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
new	O
feature	O
was	O
approved	O
in	O
March	O
2012	O
under	O
G.9963	B-Protocol
Recommendation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amendments	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
G.9960/G.9961	O
added	O
new	O
functionalities	O
to	O
the	O
base	O
standard	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
specifies	O
a	O
single	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
based	O
on	O
fast	O
Fourier	O
transform	O
(	O
FFT	O
)	O
orthogonal	B-Protocol
frequency-division	I-Protocol
multiplexing	I-Protocol
(	O
OFDM	B-Protocol
)	O
modulation	B-Application
and	O
low-density	B-Error_Name
parity-check	I-Error_Name
code	I-Error_Name
(	O
LDPC	B-Error_Name
)	O
forward	B-Error_Name
error	I-Error_Name
correction	I-Error_Name
(	O
FEC	O
)	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
includes	O
the	O
capability	O
to	O
notch	O
specific	O
frequency	O
bands	O
to	O
avoid	O
interference	O
with	O
amateur	O
radio	O
bands	O
and	O
other	O
licensed	O
radio	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
includes	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
avoid	O
interference	O
with	O
legacy	O
home	O
networking	O
technologies	O
and	O
also	O
with	O
other	O
wireline	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
VDSL2	O
or	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
DSL	O
used	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
home	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OFDM	B-Protocol
systems	O
split	O
the	O
transmitted	O
signal	O
into	O
multiple	O
orthogonal	O
sub-carriers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
each	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
sub-carriers	O
is	O
modulated	B-Application
using	O
QAM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
maximum	O
QAM	B-Device
constellation	O
supported	O
by	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
is	O
4096-QAM	B-Device
(	O
12-bit	O
QAM	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
Media	B-Protocol
Access	I-Protocol
Control	I-Protocol
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
time	O
division	O
multiple	O
access	O
(	O
TDMA	O
)	O
architecture	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
"	O
domain	O
master	O
"	O
schedules	O
Transmission	O
Opportunities	O
(	O
TXOPs	O
)	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
devices	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
domain	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contention-Free	O
Time	O
Slots	O
(	O
CFTS	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
implementing	O
"	O
implicit	O
"	O
token	B-Protocol
passing	I-Protocol
Channel	O
Access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
G.hn,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
consecutive	O
CFTS	O
is	O
allocated	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contention-Based	O
Time	O
Slots	O
(	O
CBTS	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
implementing	O
CSMA/CARP	B-Protocol
Channel	O
Access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
most	O
elements	O
of	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
are	O
common	O
for	O
all	O
three	O
media	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
standard	O
(	O
power	O
lines	O
,	O
phone	O
lines	O
and	O
coaxial	O
cable	O
)	O
,	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
includes	O
media-specific	O
optimizations	O
for	O
each	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OFDM	B-Protocol
Carrier	O
Spacing	O
:	O
195.31kHz	O
in	O
coaxial	O
,	O
48.82kHz	O
in	O
phone	O
lines	O
,	O
24.41kHz	O
in	O
power	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FEC	O
Rates	O
:	O
hn	O
's	O
FEC	O
can	O
operate	O
with	O
code	O
rates	O
1/2	O
,	O
2/3	O
,	O
5/6	O
,	O
16/18	O
and	O
20/21	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automatic	B-Error_Name
repeat	I-Error_Name
request	I-Error_Name
(	O
ARQ	O
)	O
mechanisms	O
:	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
supports	O
operation	O
both	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
ARQ	O
(	O
re-transmission	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Power	O
levels	O
and	O
frequency	O
bands	O
:	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
defines	O
different	O
power	O
masks	O
for	O
each	O
medium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MIMO	O
support	O
:	O
Recommendation	O
G.9963	B-Protocol
includes	O
provisions	O
for	O
transmitting	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
signals	O
over	O
multiple	O
AC	O
wires	O
(	O
phase	O
,	O
neutral	O
,	O
ground	O
)	O
,	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
physically	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2016	O
,	O
G.9963	B-Protocol
was	O
updated	O
to	O
include	O
MIMO	O
support	O
over	O
twisted	O
pairs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
uses	O
the	O
Advanced	B-Algorithm
Encryption	I-Algorithm
Standard	I-Algorithm
(	O
AES	B-Algorithm
)	O
encryption	O
algorithm	O
(	O
with	O
a	O
128-bit	O
key	O
length	O
)	O
using	O
the	O
CCMP	B-Protocol
protocol	O
to	O
ensure	O
confidentiality	O
and	O
message	O
integrity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Authentication	O
and	O
key	O
exchange	O
is	O
done	O
following	O
ITU-T	O
Recommendation	O
X.1035	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
specifies	O
point-to-point	O
security	B-Application
inside	O
a	O
domain	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
each	O
pair	O
of	O
transmitter	O
and	O
receiver	O
uses	O
a	O
unique	O
encryption	O
key	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
shared	O
by	O
other	O
devices	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
supports	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
relays	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
one	O
device	O
can	O
receive	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
one	O
node	O
and	O
deliver	O
it	O
to	O
another	O
node	O
farther	O
away	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
architecture	O
includes	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Profiles	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
address	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
nodes	O
with	O
significantly	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
complexity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
the	O
higher	O
complexity	O
profiles	O
are	O
proper	O
supersets	O
of	O
lower	O
complexity	O
profiles	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
devices	O
based	O
on	O
different	O
profiles	O
can	O
interoperate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
devices	O
based	O
on	O
high	O
complexity	O
profiles	O
are	O
Residential	B-Application
Gateways	I-Application
or	O
Set-Top	O
Boxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
devices	O
based	O
on	O
low	O
complexity	O
profiles	O
are	O
home	O
automation	O
,	O
home	O
security	B-Application
and	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
spectrum	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
medium	O
as	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
diagram	O
below	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
specifies	O
the	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
and	O
the	O
data	B-Protocol
link	I-Protocol
layer	I-Protocol
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
OSI	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
Data	B-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
(	O
Recommendation	O
G.9961	B-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
sub-layers	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Application	O
Protocol	O
Convergence	O
(	O
APC	O
)	O
Layer	O
,	O
which	O
accepts	O
frames	O
(	O
usually	O
in	O
Ethernet	O
format	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
upper	O
layer	O
(	O
Application	O
Entity	O
)	O
and	O
encapsulates	O
them	O
into	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
APC	O
protocol	B-Protocol
data	I-Protocol
units	I-Protocol
(	O
APDUs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Logical	O
Link	O
Control	O
(	O
LLC	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
encryption	O
,	O
aggregation	B-Protocol
,	O
segmentation	B-Protocol
and	O
Automatic	B-Error_Name
repeat-request	I-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Medium	B-Protocol
Access	I-Protocol
Control	I-Protocol
(	O
MAC	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
schedules	O
Channel	O
Access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
(	O
Recommendation	O
G.9960	B-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
sub-layers	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Physical	O
Coding	O
Sub-layer	O
(	O
PCS	O
)	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
generating	O
PHY	O
headers	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Physical	O
Medium	O
Attachment	O
(	O
PMA	O
)	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
scrambling	O
and	O
forward	B-Error_Name
error	I-Error_Name
correction	I-Error_Name
coding/decoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Physical	O
Medium	O
Dependent	O
(	O
PMD	O
)	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
bit-loading	O
and	O
OFDM	B-Protocol
modulation	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PMD	O
sub-layer	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
sub-layer	O
in	O
the	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
stack	O
that	O
is	O
"	O
medium	O
dependent	O
"	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
some	O
parameters	O
may	O
have	O
different	O
values	O
for	O
each	O
media	O
-	O
power	O
lines	O
,	O
phone	O
lines	O
and	O
coaxial	O
cable	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
between	O
the	O
Application	O
Entity	O
and	O
the	O
Data	B-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
is	O
called	O
A-interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
between	O
the	O
Data	B-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
and	O
the	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
is	O
called	O
Medium	O
Independent	O
Interface	O
(	O
MII	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
between	O
the	O
physical	B-Application
layer	I-Application
and	O
the	O
actual	O
transmission	O
medium	O
is	O
called	O
Medium	O
Dependent	O
Interface	O
(	O
MDI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recommendation	O
G.9960	B-General_Concept
was	O
granted	O
approval	O
at	O
the	O
October	O
2009	O
Study	O
Group	O
15	O
plenary	O
meeting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recommendation	O
G.9961	B-General_Concept
received	O
approval	O
on	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
that	O
meeting	O
,	O
concerns	O
about	O
regulatory	O
conformance	O
were	O
raised	O
and	O
an	O
amendment	O
to	O
the	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
standard	O
was	O
proposed	O
that	O
eliminated	O
the	O
passband	O
(	O
100MHz	O
to	O
200MHz	O
)	O
and	O
reduced	O
the	O
baseband	O
operational	O
spectrum	O
(	O
from	O
100MHz	O
to	O
80MHz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2011	O
,	O
during	O
a	O
joint	O
Forum	O
held	O
by	O
ITU-T	O
,	O
ITU-R	O
and	O
other	O
organizations	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
recognized	O
that	O
"	O
ITU-T	B-General_Concept
G.hn	I-General_Concept
was	O
considered	O
to	O
have	O
electromagnetic	O
compatibility	O
(	O
EMC	O
)	O
and	O
mitigation	O
techniques	O
that	O
go	O
well	O
beyond	O
those	O
considered	O
essential	O
for	O
protecting	O
radio	O
services	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
"	O
Non-ITU	O
compliant	O
home	O
network	O
equipment	O
may	O
cause	O
problems	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
Sigma	O
Designs	O
announced	O
the	O
first	O
G.hn-compliant	O
chipset	O
,	O
called	O
CG5110	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2011	O
,	O
Lantiq	O
introduced	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
G.hn-compliant	O
chips	O
,	O
called	O
HNX176	O
and	O
HNX156	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
showcased	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
live	O
public	O
demonstration	O
of	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
interoperability	O
at	O
CES	O
,	O
January	O
10	O
–	O
13	O
,	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
members	O
Lantiq	O
,	O
Marvell	O
,	O
Metanoia	O
,	O
and	O
Sigma	O
Designs	O
joined	O
to	O
highlight	O
real-world	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2012	O
,	O
Marvell	O
and	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
first	O
compliance	O
certified	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
silicon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
is	O
a	O
non-profit	O
trade	O
group	O
promoting	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
provides	O
technical	O
and	O
marketing	O
efforts	O
,	O
addresses	O
certification	O
and	O
interoperability	O
of	O
G.hn-compliant	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
cooperates	O
with	O
complementary	O
industry	O
alliances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vendors	O
promoting	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
include	O
MaxLinear	O
,	O
ReadyLinks	O
Inc	O
,	O
Lantiq	O
,	O
devolo	O
AG	O
,	O
microprocessor	O
manufacturer	O
Intel	O
,	O
system-on-a-chip	B-Architecture
vendor	O
Sigma	O
Designs	O
,	O
and	O
Xingtera	O
,	O
which	O
announced	O
a	O
product	O
in	O
January	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
live	O
public	O
demonstration	O
of	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
interoperability	O
was	O
shown	O
at	O
CES	O
,	O
January	O
10	O
–	O
13	O
,	O
2012	O
by	O
Lantiq	O
,	O
Marvell	O
Technology	O
Group	O
,	O
Metanoia	O
,	O
and	O
Sigma	O
Designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
HomePNA	B-Protocol
press	O
release	O
,	O
AT&T	O
(	O
which	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
wireline	O
home	O
networking	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
U-Verse	O
IPTV	O
service	O
)	O
expressed	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
work	O
developed	O
by	O
ITU-T	O
creating	O
standards	O
for	O
home	O
networking	O
,	O
including	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Service	O
providers	O
like	O
AT&T	O
promoted	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
for	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2009	O
,	O
Best	O
Buy	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
retailer	O
of	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
)	O
joined	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
directors	O
of	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
and	O
expressed	O
its	O
support	O
for	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
several	O
marketing	O
firms	O
promoted	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
and	O
made	O
optimistic	O
predictions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
25	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
three	O
home	O
networking	O
organizations	O
that	O
promoted	O
previously	O
incompatible	O
technologies	O
(	O
CEPCA	O
,	O
HomePNA	B-Protocol
and	O
the	O
Universal	O
Powerline	O
Association	O
)	O
,	O
announced	O
they	O
agreed	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
Homegrid	O
Forum	O
to	O
promote	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
single	O
next-generation	O
standard	O
for	O
wired	O
home	O
networking	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
work	O
to	O
ensure	O
coexistence	O
with	O
existing	O
products	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
Continental	O
Automated	O
Buildings	O
Association	O
(	O
CABA	O
)	O
and	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
signed	O
a	O
liaison	O
agreement	O
to	O
support	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
's	O
efforts	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
ITU-T	B-General_Concept
G.hn	I-General_Concept
to	O
make	O
it	O
easy	O
for	O
consumers	O
to	O
connect	O
devices	O
and	O
enjoy	O
innovative	O
applications	O
using	O
existing	O
home	O
wiring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2009	O
,	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
and	O
DLNA	O
signed	O
a	O
liaison	O
agreement	O
"	O
setting	O
the	O
stage	O
for	O
collaboration	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
organizations	O
and	O
the	O
approval	O
of	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
DLNA-recognized	O
Physical	B-Application
Layer	I-Application
technology	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2010	O
,	O
Broadband	O
Forum	O
and	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
signed	O
an	O
agreement	O
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
compliance	O
and	O
interoperability	O
testing	O
program	O
for	O
products	O
using	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Broadband	O
Forum	O
will	O
support	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
's	O
validation	O
of	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
products	O
,	O
their	O
promotion	O
of	O
product	O
conformance	O
and	O
interoperability	O
,	O
and	O
help	O
expedite	O
the	O
total	O
time	O
to	O
market	O
for	O
HomeGrid	O
Forum	O
Certified	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
both	O
organizations	O
jointly	O
announced	O
the	O
first	O
open	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
plugfest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ITU	B-Protocol
G.9970	I-Protocol
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
G.hnta	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
Recommendation	O
developed	O
by	O
ITU-T	O
that	O
describes	O
the	O
generic	O
architecture	O
for	O
home	O
networks	O
and	O
their	O
interfaces	O
to	O
the	O
operators	O
 '	O
broadband	O
access	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ITU	B-Protocol
G.9972	I-Protocol
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
G.cx	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
Recommendation	O
developed	O
by	O
ITU-T	O
that	O
specifies	O
a	O
coexistence	O
mechanism	O
for	O
home	O
networking	O
transceivers	O
capable	O
of	O
operating	O
over	O
power	O
line	O
wiring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
coexistence	O
mechanism	O
would	O
allow	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
devices	O
which	O
implement	O
G.9972	B-Protocol
to	O
coexist	O
with	O
other	O
devices	O
implementing	O
G.9972	B-Protocol
and	O
operating	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
power	O
line	O
wiring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.vlc	O
reuses	O
the	O
PHY	O
and	O
DLL	O
of	O
G.hn,	O
enabling	O
the	O
same	O
chips	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
both	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
motivation	O
for	O
wired	O
home	O
networking	O
technologies	O
was	O
IPTV	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
offered	O
by	O
a	O
service	O
provider	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
triple	B-Architecture
play	I-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
,	O
voice	O
and	O
data	O
service	O
offering	O
such	O
as	O
T	O
's	O
U-Verse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
applications	O
like	O
home	O
automation	O
or	O
demand	O
side	O
management	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
targeted	O
by	O
G.hn-compliant	O
devices	O
that	O
implement	O
low-complexity	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
many	O
customers	O
 '	O
homes	O
the	O
residential	B-Application
gateway	I-Application
that	O
provides	O
Internet	O
access	O
is	O
not	O
located	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
IPTV	O
set-top	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
can	O
connect	O
the	O
residential	B-Application
gateway	I-Application
to	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
set-top	O
boxes	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
existing	O
home	O
wiring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
G.hn,	O
IPTV	O
service	O
providers	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
install	O
new	O
Ethernet	O
wires	O
,	O
or	O
802.11	O
wireless	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
supports	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
home	O
wiring	O
,	O
end	O
users	O
might	O
install	O
the	O
IPTV	O
home	O
network	O
by	O
themselves	O
,	O
thus	O
reducing	O
the	O
cost	O
to	O
the	O
service	O
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Wi-Fi	O
technology	O
is	O
popular	O
for	O
consumer	O
home	O
networks	O
,	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
intended	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
this	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
adequate	O
solution	O
for	O
consumers	O
in	O
situations	O
in	O
which	O
using	O
wireless	O
is	O
not	O
needed	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
connect	O
a	O
stationary	O
device	O
like	O
a	O
TV	O
or	O
a	O
network-attached	B-Application
storage	I-Application
device	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
is	O
not	O
desired	O
(	O
due	O
to	O
security	B-Application
concerns	O
)	O
or	O
is	O
not	O
feasible	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
limited	O
range	O
of	O
wireless	O
signals	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consumer	O
electronics	O
(	O
CE	O
)	O
products	O
can	O
support	O
Internet	O
connectivity	O
using	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
Wi-Fi	O
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
or	O
Ethernet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
G.hn	B-General_Concept
is	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
high-speed	O
connectivity	O
to	O
CE	O
products	O
capable	O
of	O
displaying	O
high-definition	B-Device
television	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
can	O
operate	O
over	O
wires	O
including	O
AC	O
and	O
DC	O
power	O
lines	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
provide	O
the	O
communication	O
infrastructure	O
required	O
for	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
comprehensive	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
system	O
requires	O
reaching	O
into	O
every	O
AC	O
outlet	O
in	O
a	O
home	O
or	O
building	O
so	O
that	O
all	O
devices	O
can	O
participate	O
in	O
energy	O
conserving	O
strategies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
was	O
strong	O
stakeholder	O
consensus	O
"	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
early	O
draft	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
NIST	O
Framework	O
and	O
Roadmap	O
for	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
Interoperability	O
Standards	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2010	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
was	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
final	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Standards	O
Identified	O
for	O
Implementation	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
broad	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
includes	O
applications	O
with	O
overlapping	O
scopes	O
such	O
as	O
demand	O
side	O
management	O
,	O
energy	O
conservation	O
measures	O
,	O
Advanced	O
Metering	O
Infrastructure	O
(	O
AMI	O
)	O
and	O
home	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
supports	O
popular	O
protocols	O
like	O
IPv4	B-Protocol
and	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
,	O
G.hn-based	O
networks	O
can	O
easily	O
be	O
integrated	O
with	O
IP-based	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Well-known	O
network	O
management	O
protocols	O
like	O
the	O
Simple	B-Protocol
Network	I-Protocol
Management	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
SNMP	B-Protocol
)	O
can	O
manage	O
IP	O
networks	O
including	O
G.hn	B-General_Concept
devices	O
.	O
</s>
