<s>
A	O
fuzzy	B-General_Concept
cognitive	I-General_Concept
map	I-General_Concept
(	O
FCM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
cognitive	O
map	O
within	O
which	O
the	O
relations	O
between	O
the	O
elements	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Fuzzy	B-General_Concept
cognitive	I-General_Concept
maps	I-General_Concept
were	O
introduced	O
by	O
Bart	O
Kosko	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fuzzy	B-General_Concept
cognitive	I-General_Concept
maps	I-General_Concept
are	O
signed	O
fuzzy	O
digraphs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spreadsheets	B-Application
or	O
tables	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
map	O
FCMs	O
into	O
matrices	O
for	O
further	O
computation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FCM	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
used	O
for	O
causal	O
knowledge	O
acquisition	O
and	O
representation	O
,	O
it	O
supports	O
causal	O
knowledge	O
reasoning	O
process	O
and	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
neuro-fuzzy	B-General_Concept
system	O
that	O
aim	O
at	O
solving	O
decision	O
making	O
problems	O
,	O
modeling	O
and	O
simulate	O
complex	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Learning	O
algorithms	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
for	O
training	O
and	O
updating	O
FCMs	O
weights	O
mostly	O
based	O
on	O
ideas	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
Artificial	B-Architecture
Neural	I-Architecture
Networks	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
algorithms	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
initial	O
Hebbian	O
algorithm	O
;	O
others	O
algorithms	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
,	O
swarm	B-Architecture
intelligence	I-Architecture
and	O
evolutionary	O
computation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fuzzy	B-General_Concept
cognitive	I-General_Concept
maps	I-General_Concept
(	O
FCMs	O
)	O
have	O
gained	O
considerable	O
research	O
interest	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
ability	O
in	O
representing	O
structured	O
knowledge	O
and	O
model	O
complex	O
systems	O
in	O
various	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
particular	O
map	O
of	O
Taber	O
uses	O
trivalent	B-Language
logic	I-Language
(	O
scalar	O
values	O
out	O
of	O
 { -1 , 0 , +1 } 	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
business	O
FCMs	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
product	O
planning	O
and	O
decision	B-Application
support	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
education	O
for	O
modeling	O
Critical	O
Success	O
Factors	O
of	O
Learning	B-Application
Management	I-Application
Systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
medical	O
applications	O
to	O
model	O
systems	O
,	O
provide	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
develop	O
decision	B-Application
support	I-Application
systems	I-Application
and	O
medical	O
assessment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
expert	B-Application
systems	I-Application
a	O
few	O
or	O
many	O
FCMs	O
can	O
be	O
aggregated	O
into	O
one	O
FCM	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
process	O
estimates	O
of	O
knowledgeable	O
persons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FCMappers	O
is	O
an	O
international	O
online	O
community	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
and	O
the	O
visualization	O
of	O
fuzzy	B-General_Concept
cognitive	I-General_Concept
maps	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
output	O
is	O
saved	O
as	O
Pajek	B-Application
file	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
visualized	O
within	O
third	O
party	O
software	O
like	O
Pajek	B-Application
,	O
Visone	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
FCM	O
software	O
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Mental	O
Modeler	O
,	O
have	O
recently	O
been	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
decision-support	B-Application
tool	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
social	O
science	O
research	O
,	O
collaborative	O
decision-making	O
,	O
and	O
natural	O
resource	O
planning	O
.	O
</s>
