<s>
In	O
computer	B-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
is	O
an	O
unambiguous	O
name	O
that	O
specifies	O
which	O
object	O
,	O
function	O
,	O
or	O
variable	O
a	O
call	O
refers	O
to	O
without	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
call	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
hierarchical	B-Language
structure	I-Language
,	O
a	O
name	O
is	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
when	O
it	O
"	O
is	O
complete	O
in	O
the	O
sense	O
that	O
it	O
includes	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
all	O
names	O
in	O
the	O
hierarchic	O
sequence	O
above	O
the	O
given	O
element	O
and	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
given	O
element	O
itself.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
names	I-Protocol
explicitly	O
refer	O
to	O
namespaces	O
that	O
would	O
otherwise	O
be	O
implicit	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
scope	B-Language
of	O
the	O
call	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commonly	O
encountered	O
applications	O
of	O
the	O
notion	O
have	O
been	O
given	O
their	O
own	O
names	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
domain	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
and	O
the	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
distinguish	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
from	O
a	O
regular	O
name	O
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Tcl	B-Operating_System
,	O
Perl	B-Language
and	O
Ruby	B-Language
use	O
two	O
colons	O
(	O
:	O
:	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
uses	O
dots	O
(	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
C#	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
other	O
object-oriented	B-Language
languages	I-Language
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
dot	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
dot	O
syntax	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
relational	O
database	O
,	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
SQL	I-Application
Server	I-Application
the	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
of	O
an	O
object	O
is	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
specifies	O
all	O
four	O
parts	O
:	O
server_name.[database_name]	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
the	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
of	O
a	O
class	O
is	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
such	O
class	O
with	O
all	O
its	O
parent	O
modules	O
,	O
as	O
Vehicles::Cars::Factory	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
of	O
Factory	O
class	O
within	O
Cars	O
module	O
within	O
Vehicles	O
module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
COBOL	B-Application
,	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
data	O
item	O
name	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
by	O
suffixing	O
a	O
potentially	O
ambiguous	O
identifier	O
with	O
an	O
(	O
or	O
)	O
phrase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
(	O
or	O
FQFN	O
)	O
means	O
a	O
file	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
whose	O
exact	O
name	O
is	O
completely	O
specified	O
such	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
unambiguous	O
and	O
cannot	O
be	O
mistaken	O
for	O
any	O
other	O
file	O
on	O
that	O
computer	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Unix-style	B-Operating_System
systems	O
,	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
sample	O
"	O
refers	O
to	O
a	O
file	O
in	O
the	O
current	B-Application
directory	I-Application
named	O
"	O
sample	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
current	B-Application
directory	I-Application
is	O
changed	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
file	O
referred	O
to	O
by	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
sample	O
"	O
is	O
different	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
you	O
start	O
the	O
filename	B-Device
with	O
"	O
/	O
"	O
indicating	O
the	O
root	B-Application
directory	I-Application
as	O
in	O
"	O
/Users/Name/sample	O
"	O
,	O
then	O
on	O
Unix	B-Application
this	O
is	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
referring	O
to	O
./foo/bar/baz.sh	O
in	O
/home/user/quz	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
a	O
relative	O
pathname	B-Application
,	O
the	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
would	O
be	O
/home/user/quz/foo/bar/baz.sh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
DOS	B-Device
,	O
the	O
name	O
is	O
still	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
root	B-Application
directory	I-Application
of	O
the	O
current	O
disk	O
,	O
so	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
,	O
the	O
file	O
name	O
must	O
be	O
prefixed	O
with	O
the	O
drive	O
letter	O
and	O
a	O
colon	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
"	O
C:\Users\Name\sample	O
 "	O
,	O
where	O
"	O
C	O
:	O
"	O
specifies	O
the	O
"	O
C	O
"	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
on	O
the	O
above	O
systems	O
,	O
some	O
programs	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
command-line	O
shell	O
will	O
search	O
a	O
path	B-Application
for	O
a	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inserting	O
a	O
leading	O
(	O
back	O
)	O
slash	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
"	O
./name	O
"	O
,	O
will	O
stop	O
the	O
searching	O
of	O
the	O
path	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
partially	O
qualified	B-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
,	O
but	O
not	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
as	O
it	O
still	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
current	B-Application
directory	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
,	O
because	O
it	O
contains	O
(	O
back	O
)	O
slashes	O
,	O
will	O
always	O
stop	O
a	O
path	B-Application
search	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
mainframe	B-Architecture
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
MUSIC/SP	B-Application
,	O
if	O
one	O
asks	O
for	O
the	O
file	O
name	O
"	O
X	O
"	O
,	O
one	O
is	O
making	O
an	O
unqualified	O
reference	O
either	O
to	O
the	O
file	O
X	O
in	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
library	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
the	O
file	O
X	O
in	O
the	O
common	O
library	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
file	O
named	O
X	O
and	O
one	O
does	O
exist	O
in	O
the	O
common	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
one	O
were	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
"	O
*	O
COM:X	O
"	O
one	O
is	O
using	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
file	O
X	O
in	O
the	O
common	O
library	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
different	O
file	O
named	O
X	O
in	O
their	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
a	O
reference	O
to	O
"	O
*	O
USR:X	O
"	O
would	O
mean	O
the	O
file	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
library	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
MA45:X	O
"	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
specific	O
file	O
X	O
in	O
the	O
library	O
of	O
user	O
MA45	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
RSTS/E	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
on	O
the	O
PDP-11	B-Device
minicomputer	O
,	O
specifying	O
a	O
file	O
"	O
X.X	O
"	O
would	O
refer	O
to	O
a	O
file	O
in	O
one	O
's	O
own	O
directory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Referring	O
to	O
"	O
$X.X	O
"	O
would	O
be	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
file	O
"[1,2]X.X"	O
but	O
to	O
fully	O
qualify	O
the	O
file	O
name	O
,	O
one	O
would	O
have	O
to	O
indicate	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
so	O
"SY:[46,145]MYFILE.TXT",	O
"	O
SY	O
:	O
$X.X	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
"SY:[1,2]X.X"	O
(	O
the	O
last	O
two	O
examples	O
meaning	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
)	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
under	O
RSTS/E	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
UNIVAC	B-Device
Series	I-Device
90	I-Device
mainframe	B-Architecture
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
VS/9	O
,	O
specifying	O
a	O
file	O
"	O
X	O
"	O
could	O
mean	O
either	O
the	O
file	O
X	O
in	O
the	O
account	O
of	O
that	O
user	O
,	O
or	O
could	O
mean	O
the	O
file	O
X	O
in	O
the	O
library	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
manager	O
,	O
$TSOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
specifying	O
"	O
$	O
S0103.X	O
"	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
term	O
can	O
also	O
include	O
the	O
case	O
where	O
one	O
prefixes	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
file	O
name	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
computer	O
name	O
as	O
a	O
prefix	O
to	O
a	O
file	O
name	O
(	O
where	O
the	O
particular	O
system	O
permits	O
referencing	O
a	O
file	O
on	O
another	O
system	O
)	O
,	O
so	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
exact	O
name	O
is	O
unambiguous	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
path	B-Application
name	I-Application
(	O
FQPN	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
full	B-Application
path	I-Application
of	O
a	O
resource	O
,	O
directory	O
or	O
file	O
,	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
composed	O
by	O
the	O
full	B-Application
path	I-Application
to	O
the	O
resource	O
and	O
its	O
syntax	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
it	O
is	O
represented	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
form	O
:	O
/root/path-to/file[OR]directory,	O
while	O
in	O
DOS	B-Device
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
it	O
is	O
represented	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
form	O
:	O
[Drive]:\path-to\file.ext[OR]directory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FQPN	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
Networking	O
and	O
takes	O
the	O
following	O
form	O
:	O
\root\FQDN\path-to\file.ext[OR]directory,	O
where	O
/root/	O
is	O
the	O
root	B-Application
directory	I-Application
,	O
the	O
first	O
or	O
top-most	O
directory	O
in	O
a	O
hierarchy	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
rooted	O
tree	B-Application
;	O
FQDN	B-Protocol
is	O
the	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
domain	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
or	O
node	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
bootstrapping	B-Application
,	O
computer	B-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
and	O
in	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
referencing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
sense	O
of	O
domain	O
names	O
,	O
used	O
in	O
Uniform	O
Resource	O
Locators	O
(	O
URLs	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
domain	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
is	O
explicitly	O
suffixed	O
with	O
a	O
dot	O
,	O
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
step	O
of	O
resolving	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
no	O
additional	O
suffix	O
is	O
added	O
:	O
wikipedia.com	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
fully	B-Protocol
qualified	I-Protocol
domain	I-Protocol
name	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
