<s>
Hewlett	O
Packard	O
Enterprise	O
Frontier	B-Device
,	O
or	O
OLCF-5	B-Device
,	O
is	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
and	O
fastest	O
exascale	B-General_Concept
supercomputer	B-Architecture
,	O
hosted	O
at	O
the	O
Oak	B-Device
Ridge	I-Device
Leadership	I-Device
Computing	I-Device
Facility	I-Device
(	O
OLCF	B-Device
)	O
in	O
Tennessee	O
,	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
first	O
operational	O
in	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Cray	O
EX	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
Summit	B-Device
(	O
OLCF-4	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Frontier	B-Device
is	O
the	O
world	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
fastest	I-Operating_System
supercomputer	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frontier	B-Device
achieved	O
an	O
Rmax	O
of	O
1.102	O
exaFLOPS	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
1.102	O
quintillion	O
operations	O
per	O
second	O
,	O
using	O
AMD	O
CPUs	B-Device
and	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Measured	O
at	O
62.68	O
gigaflops/watt	O
,	O
Frontier	B-Device
topped	O
the	O
Green500	B-Application
list	O
for	O
most	O
efficient	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
,	O
until	O
it	O
was	O
dethroned	O
(	O
in	O
efficiency	O
)	O
by	O
Flatiron	O
Institute	O
's	O
Henri	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
in	O
November	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frontier	B-Device
uses	O
9,472	O
AMD	O
Epyc	O
7453s	O
"	O
Trento	O
"	O
64	O
core	O
2GHz	O
CPUs	B-Device
(	O
606,208	O
cores	O
)	O
and	O
37,888	O
Radeon	B-Operating_System
Instinct	I-Operating_System
MI250X	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
(	O
8,335,360	O
cores	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Trento	O
"	O
is	O
an	O
optimized	O
3rd	O
Gen	O
EPYC	O
CPU	B-Device
(	O
"	O
Milan	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
itself	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Zen	O
3	O
microarchitecture	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
cabinet	O
hosts	O
64	O
blades	B-Architecture
,	O
each	O
consisting	O
of	O
2	O
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blades	B-Architecture
are	O
interconnected	O
by	O
HPE	O
Slingshot	O
64-port	O
switch	O
that	O
provides	O
12.8	O
terabits/second	O
of	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Groups	O
of	O
blades	B-Architecture
are	O
linked	O
in	O
a	O
dragonfly	O
topology	O
with	O
at	O
most	O
three	O
hops	O
between	O
any	O
two	O
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frontier	B-Device
is	O
liquid-cooled	O
,	O
allowing	O
5x	O
the	O
density	O
of	O
air-cooled	O
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
node	O
consists	O
of	O
one	O
CPU	B-Device
,	O
4	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
and	O
5	O
terabytes	O
of	O
flash	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
GPU	B-Architecture
has	O
128	O
GB	O
of	O
RAM	O
soldered	O
onto	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frontier	B-Device
has	O
coherent	O
interconnects	O
between	O
CPUs	B-Device
and	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
,	O
allowing	O
GPU	B-Architecture
memory	O
to	O
be	O
accessed	O
coherently	O
by	O
code	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
Epyc	O
CPUs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frontier	B-Device
uses	O
an	O
internal	O
75TB/s	O
read	O
/	O
35TB/s	O
write	O
/	O
15billion	O
IOPS	O
flash	O
storage	O
system	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
700	O
PB	O
Orion	O
site-wide	O
Lustre	B-Application
filesystem	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Frontier	B-Device
consumes	O
21megawatts	O
(	O
MW	O
)	O
(	O
compared	O
to	O
its	O
predecessor	O
Summit	B-Device
's	I-Device
13MW	O
)	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
next	O
US	O
exascale	B-General_Concept
system	O
,	O
Aurora	B-Device
,	O
will	O
consume	O
around	O
60MW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
design	O
envisioned	O
hundreds	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
and	O
150	O
–	O
500	O
MW	O
of	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
clocked	O
1.1	O
exaflops	O
Rmax	O
in	O
May	O
2022	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
world	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
fastest	I-Operating_System
supercomputer	I-Operating_System
as	O
measured	O
in	O
the	O
June	O
2022	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
list	O
,	O
replacing	O
Fugaku	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
its	O
release	O
,	O
the	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
topped	O
the	O
Green500	B-Application
list	O
for	O
most	O
efficient	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
,	O
measured	O
at	O
62.68	O
gigaflops/watt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ORNL	O
Director	O
Thomas	O
Zacharia	O
said	O
:	O
"	O
Frontier	B-Device
is	O
ushering	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
era	O
of	O
exascale	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
to	O
solve	O
the	O
world	O
’s	O
biggest	O
scientific	O
challenges.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
added	O
:	O
"	O
This	O
milestone	O
offers	O
just	O
a	O
preview	O
of	O
Frontier	B-Device
’s	O
unmatched	O
capability	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
scientific	O
discovery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
decade	O
of	O
collaboration	O
among	O
the	O
national	O
laboratories	O
,	O
academia	O
and	O
private	O
industry	O
,	O
including	O
DOE	O
's	O
Exascale	B-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
Project	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
deploying	O
the	O
applications	O
,	O
software	O
technologies	O
,	O
hardware	O
and	O
integration	O
necessary	O
to	O
ensure	O
impact	O
at	O
the	O
exascale.	O
"	O
</s>
