<s>
freedesktop.org	B-Application
(	O
fd.o	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
project	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
interoperability	O
and	O
shared	O
base	O
technology	O
for	O
free-software	B-Application
desktop	O
environments	O
for	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
(	O
X11	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
Wayland	B-Language
on	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
other	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
founded	O
by	O
Havoc	O
Pennington	O
,	O
a	O
GNOME	B-Application
developer	O
working	O
for	O
Red	O
Hat	O
in	O
March	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
servers	O
are	O
hosted	O
by	O
Portland	O
State	O
University	O
,	O
sponsored	O
by	O
Hewlett-Packard	O
,	O
Intel	O
,	O
and	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Widely	O
used	O
open-source	B-Application
X-based	B-Operating_System
desktop	O
projects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
KDE	B-Language
's	I-Language
Plasma	I-Language
Desktop	I-Language
,	O
and	O
Xfce	B-Language
,	O
are	O
collaborating	O
with	O
the	O
freedesktop.org	B-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
released	O
Portland	B-Application
1.0	I-Application
(	O
xdg-utils	B-Application
)	O
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
common	O
interfaces	O
for	O
desktop	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
freedesktop.org	B-Application
is	O
a	O
"	O
collaboration	O
zone	O
"	O
for	O
standards	O
and	O
specifications	O
where	O
users	O
can	O
freely	O
discuss	O
ideas	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
a	O
formal	O
standards	O
organization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
freedesktop.org	B-Application
was	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
X	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Group	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
abbreviation	O
"	O
XDG	B-Application
"	O
remains	O
common	O
in	O
their	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
freedesktop.org	B-Application
joined	O
the	O
X.Org	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
freedesktop.org	B-Application
projects	O
are	O
covered	O
by	O
Coraline	O
Ada	O
Ehmke	O
's	O
Contributor	O
Covenant	O
code	O
of	O
conduct	O
which	O
aims	O
to	O
ensure	O
a	O
harassment-free	O
and	O
inclusive	O
environment	O
for	O
developers	O
by	O
prohibiting	O
offensive	O
language	O
and	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
freedesktop.org	B-Application
provides	O
hosting	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
relevant	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Direct	B-Application
Rendering	I-Application
Infrastructure	I-Application
(	O
DRI	O
)	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
API	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
graphics	O
hardware	O
,	O
used	O
by	O
X11	B-Operating_System
,	O
Wayland	B-Language
compositors	I-Language
,	O
Mesa	B-Application
3D	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pixman	B-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
low-level	O
software	O
library	O
for	O
pixel	O
manipulation	O
,	O
providing	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
image	O
compositing	O
and	O
trapezoid	O
rasterization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XCB	B-Language
,	O
an	O
Xlib	B-Language
replacement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeType	B-Application
,	O
a	O
text	O
rendering	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
fontconfig	B-Device
is	O
a	O
library	O
for	O
font	O
discovery	O
,	O
name	O
substitution	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Geoclue	O
,	O
a	O
geoinformation	B-Application
service	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GStreamer	B-Language
is	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
multimedia	B-Library
framework	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
GTK-Qt	B-Language
engine	I-Language
,	O
a	O
GTK+	O
2	O
engine	O
which	O
uses	O
Qt	B-Language
to	O
draw	O
the	O
graphical	O
control	O
elements	O
,	O
providing	O
the	O
same	O
look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
of	O
KDE	O
applications	O
to	O
GTK+2	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HAL	B-Application
(	O
Hardware	O
Abstraction	O
Layer	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
consistent	O
cross-operating	O
system	O
layer	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
deprecated	O
and	O
replaced	O
by	O
udev	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
libinput	B-Language
,	O
a	O
library	O
to	O
handle	O
input	O
devices	O
in	O
Wayland	B-Language
compositors	I-Language
and	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
generic	O
X.Org	O
input	O
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PulseAudio	B-Library
is	O
a	O
sound	O
server	O
frontend	O
meant	O
to	O
provide	O
software	O
mixing	O
,	O
network	O
audio	O
,	O
and	O
per	O
application	O
volume	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PipeWire	B-Application
is	O
a	O
low-latency	O
server	O
for	O
handling	O
sandbox-friendly	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
streams	B-Architecture
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
which	O
provides	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
PulseAudio	B-Library
,	O
JACK	B-Application
,	O
and	O
ALSA	B-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
secure	O
methods	O
for	O
screenshotting	B-Application
and	O
screencasting	B-Protocol
on	O
Wayland	B-Language
compositors	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
systemd	B-Application
is	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
init	O
framework	O
to	O
start	O
and	O
manage	O
services	O
and	O
sessions	O
meant	O
to	O
replace	O
older	O
init	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xft	B-Application
,	O
anti-aliased	O
fonts	O
using	O
the	O
FreeType	B-Application
library	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
old	O
X	B-Operating_System
core	O
fonts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
pkg-config	B-Application
is	O
a	O
helper	O
program	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
flags	O
for	O
compiler	O
and	O
linker	O
to	O
include	O
necessary	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
Avahi	B-Language
(	O
a	O
free	O
Zeroconf	B-Application
implementation	O
)	O
started	O
as	O
a	O
fd.o	B-Application
project	O
but	O
has	O
since	O
become	O
a	O
separate	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XDG	B-Application
Base	O
Directory	O
Specification	O
(	O
XDG	B-Application
BDS	O
)	O
introduces	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
variables	O
where	O
user-specific	O
files	O
used	O
by	O
programs	O
should	O
be	O
found	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
variables	O
mentioned	O
below	O
,	O
XDG	B-Application
BDS	O
also	O
specifies	O
that	O
users	O
 '	O
local	O
binary	O
files	O
may	O
be	O
installed	O
into	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Systems	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
spec	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
make	O
this	O
directory	O
available	O
in	O
their	O
CLI	B-Application
's	O
environment	O
variable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Collect	O
existing	O
specifications	O
,	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
documents	O
related	O
to	O
X	B-Operating_System
desktop	O
interoperability	O
and	O
make	O
them	O
available	O
in	O
a	O
central	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Promote	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
specifications	O
and	O
standards	O
to	O
be	O
shared	O
among	O
multiple	O
X	B-Operating_System
desktops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integrate	O
desktop-specific	O
standards	O
into	O
broader	O
standards	O
efforts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Linux	B-Application
Standard	I-Application
Base	I-Application
and	O
the	O
ICCCM	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Work	O
on	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
these	O
standards	O
in	O
specific	O
X	B-Operating_System
desktops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Serve	O
as	O
a	O
neutral	O
forum	O
for	O
sharing	O
ideas	O
about	O
X	B-Operating_System
desktop	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Implement	O
technologies	O
that	O
further	O
X	B-Operating_System
desktop	O
interoperability	O
and	O
free	O
X	B-Operating_System
desktops	O
in	O
general	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Promote	O
X	B-Operating_System
desktops	O
and	O
X	B-Operating_System
desktop	O
standards	O
to	O
application	O
authors	O
,	O
both	O
commercial	O
and	O
volunteer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Communicate	O
with	O
the	O
developers	O
of	O
free	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
kernels	O
,	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
itself	O
,	O
free	O
OS	O
distributions	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
to	O
address	O
desktop-related	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Provide	O
source	O
repositories	O
(	O
git	B-Application
and	O
CVS	B-Application
)	O
,	O
web	O
hosting	O
,	O
Bugzilla	B-Application
,	O
mailing	O
lists	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
resources	O
to	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
projects	O
that	O
work	O
toward	O
the	O
above	O
goals	O
.	O
</s>
