<s>
The	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
(	O
FSF	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
501(c )	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
founded	O
by	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
on	O
October	O
4	O
,	O
1985	O
,	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
movement	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
organization	O
's	O
preference	O
for	O
software	O
being	O
distributed	O
under	O
copyleft	B-License
(	O
"	O
share	O
alike	O
"	O
)	O
terms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
its	O
founding	O
until	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
FSF	O
's	O
funds	O
were	O
mostly	O
used	O
to	O
employ	O
software	O
developers	O
to	O
write	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
for	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
the	O
FSF	O
's	O
employees	O
and	O
volunteers	O
have	O
mostly	O
worked	O
on	O
legal	O
and	O
structural	O
issues	O
for	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
movement	O
and	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consistent	O
with	O
its	O
goals	O
,	O
the	O
FSF	O
aims	O
to	O
use	O
only	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
on	O
its	O
own	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1985	O
as	O
a	O
non-profit	O
corporation	O
supporting	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
development	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
continued	O
existing	O
GNU	B-Application
projects	I-Application
such	O
as	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
manuals	O
and	O
tapes	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
employed	O
developers	O
of	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
continued	O
these	O
activities	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
advocating	O
for	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
movement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
steward	O
of	O
several	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
licenses	O
,	O
meaning	O
it	O
publishes	O
them	O
and	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
make	O
revisions	O
as	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
holds	O
the	O
copyrights	O
on	O
many	O
pieces	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
GNU	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
GNU	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
holder	O
of	O
these	O
copyrights	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
authority	O
to	O
enforce	O
the	O
copyleft	B-License
requirements	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPL	B-License
)	O
when	O
copyright	O
infringement	O
occurs	O
on	O
that	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
1991	O
until	O
2001	O
,	O
GPL	B-License
enforcement	O
was	O
done	O
informally	O
,	O
usually	O
by	O
Stallman	O
himself	O
,	O
often	O
with	O
assistance	O
from	O
FSF	O
's	O
lawyer	O
,	O
Eben	O
Moglen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
GPL	B-Application
violations	I-Application
during	O
this	O
time	O
were	O
cleared	O
up	O
by	O
short	O
email	O
exchanges	O
between	O
Stallman	O
and	O
the	O
violator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
interest	O
of	O
promoting	O
copyleft	B-License
assertiveness	O
by	O
software	O
companies	O
to	O
the	O
level	O
that	O
the	O
FSF	O
was	O
already	O
doing	O
,	O
in	O
2004	O
Harald	O
Welte	O
launched	O
gpl-violations.org	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2001	O
,	O
Bradley	O
M	O
.	O
Kuhn	O
(	O
then	O
executive	O
director	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
assistance	O
of	O
Moglen	O
,	O
David	O
Turner	O
,	O
and	O
Peter	O
T	O
.	O
Brown	O
,	O
formalized	O
these	O
efforts	O
into	O
FSF	O
's	O
GPL	B-License
Compliance	O
Labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
2002	O
–	O
2004	O
,	O
high-profile	O
GPL	B-License
enforcement	O
cases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
against	O
Linksys	O
and	O
OpenTV	O
,	O
became	O
frequent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GPL	B-License
enforcement	O
and	O
educational	O
campaigns	O
on	O
GPL	B-License
compliance	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
FSF	O
's	O
efforts	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
SCO	O
filed	O
suit	O
against	O
IBM	O
alleging	O
that	O
IBM	O
's	O
contributions	O
to	O
various	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
including	O
FSF	O
's	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
,	O
violated	O
SCO	O
's	O
rights	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
2003	O
and	O
2004	O
,	O
FSF	O
put	O
substantial	O
advocacy	O
effort	O
into	O
responding	O
to	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
and	O
quelling	O
its	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
adoption	O
and	O
promotion	O
of	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
2003	O
to	O
2005	O
,	O
FSF	O
held	O
legal	O
seminars	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
and	O
the	O
surrounding	O
law	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
taught	O
by	O
Bradley	O
M	O
.	O
Kuhn	O
and	O
Daniel	O
Ravicher	O
,	O
these	O
seminars	O
offered	O
CLE	O
credit	O
and	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
effort	O
to	O
give	O
formal	O
legal	O
education	O
on	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
FSF	O
published	O
the	O
third	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
after	O
significant	O
outside	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2008	O
,	O
FSF	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
Cisco	O
for	O
using	O
GPL-licensed	O
components	O
shipped	O
with	O
Linksys	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cisco	O
was	O
notified	O
of	O
the	O
licensing	O
issue	O
in	O
2003	O
but	O
Cisco	O
repeatedly	O
disregarded	O
its	O
obligations	O
under	O
the	O
GPL	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2009	O
,	O
FSF	O
dropped	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
when	O
Cisco	O
agreed	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
monetary	O
donation	O
to	O
the	O
FSF	O
and	O
appoint	O
a	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Director	O
to	O
conduct	O
continuous	O
reviews	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
license	O
compliance	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2019	O
,	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
resigned	O
as	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
FSF	O
after	O
pressure	O
from	O
journalists	O
and	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
community	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
him	O
making	O
controversial	O
comments	O
in	O
defense	O
of	O
then-deceased	O
Marvin	O
Minsky	O
on	O
Jeffrey	O
Epstein	O
's	O
sex	O
trafficking	O
scandal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
Stallman	O
remained	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
and	O
in	O
2021	O
,	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
FSF	O
board	O
of	O
directors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
FSF	O
was	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
ideals	O
of	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
organization	O
developed	O
the	B-Operating_System
GNU	I-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
this	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPL	B-License
)	O
is	O
a	O
widely	O
used	O
license	O
for	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
has	O
also	O
published	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Lesser	I-Application
General	I-Application
Public	I-Application
License	I-Application
(	O
LGPL	B-Application
)	O
,	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Free	I-Application
Documentation	I-Application
License	I-Application
(	O
GFDL	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Affero	I-Application
General	I-Application
Public	I-Application
License	I-Application
(	O
AGPL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
's	O
publishing	O
department	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
"	O
publishing	O
affordable	O
books	O
on	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
using	O
freely	O
distributable	O
licenses.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
listing	O
of	O
software	O
packages	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
verified	O
as	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goals	O
are	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
search	O
engine	O
for	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
cross-reference	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
check	O
if	O
a	O
package	O
has	O
been	O
verified	O
as	O
being	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
FSF	O
maintains	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
documents	O
that	O
define	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
movement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FSF	O
hosts	O
software	O
development	O
projects	O
on	O
its	O
Savannah	B-Protocol
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
abbreviation	O
for	O
"	O
Hardware-Node	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
h-node	O
website	O
lists	O
hardware	B-Architecture
and	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
that	O
have	O
been	O
verified	O
as	O
compatible	O
with	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
user-edited	O
and	O
volunteer	O
supported	O
with	O
hardware	B-Architecture
entries	O
tested	O
by	O
users	O
before	O
publication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defective	B-Application
by	I-Application
Design	I-Application
is	O
an	O
FSF-initiated	O
campaign	O
against	O
DRM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
has	O
a	O
campaign	O
to	O
promote	O
Ogg+Vorbis	O
,	O
a	O
free	O
alternative	O
to	O
proprietary	B-Application
formats	O
like	O
AAC	B-Application
and	O
MQA	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
FSF	O
also	O
sponsors	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
projects	O
it	O
deems	O
"	O
high-priority	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LibrePlanet	O
wiki	O
organizes	O
FSF	O
members	O
into	O
regional	O
groups	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
promote	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
activism	O
against	O
Digital	O
Restrictions	O
Management	O
and	O
other	O
issues	O
promoted	O
by	O
the	O
FSF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
maintains	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
"	O
high	O
priority	O
projects	O
"	O
to	O
which	O
the	O
Foundation	O
claims	O
that	O
"	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
vital	O
need	O
to	O
draw	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
community	O
's	O
attention	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
considers	O
these	O
projects	O
"	O
important	O
because	O
computer	O
users	O
are	O
continually	O
being	O
seduced	O
into	O
using	O
non-free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
because	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
adequate	O
free	O
replacement.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
high	O
priority	O
tasks	O
include	O
reverse	O
engineering	O
proprietary	B-Application
firmware	O
;	O
reversible	O
debugging	O
in	O
GNU	B-Language
Debugger	I-Language
;	O
developing	O
automatic	O
transcription	O
and	O
video	O
editing	O
software	O
,	O
Coreboot	B-Device
,	O
drivers	O
for	O
network	B-Protocol
routers	I-Protocol
,	O
a	O
free	O
smartphone	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
and	O
creating	O
replacements	O
for	O
Skype	B-Application
and	O
Siri	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previous	O
projects	O
highlighted	O
as	O
needing	O
work	O
included	O
the	O
Free	B-Language
Java	I-Language
implementations	I-Language
,	O
GNU	B-Language
Classpath	I-Language
,	O
and	O
GNU	B-Language
Compiler	I-Language
for	I-Language
Java	I-Language
,	O
which	O
ensure	O
compatibility	O
for	O
the	O
Java	O
part	O
of	O
OpenOffice.org,	O
and	O
the	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
see	O
Java	O
:	O
Licensing	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
maintains	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
approved	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
that	O
maintain	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
by	O
default	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
also	O
maintains	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
operating	O
systems	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
versions	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
GNU	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FSF	O
maintains	O
a	O
"	O
Respects	O
Your	O
Freedom	O
"	O
(	O
RYF	O
)	O
hardware	B-Architecture
certification	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
be	O
granted	O
certification	O
,	O
a	O
product	O
must	O
use	O
100%	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
,	O
allow	O
user	O
installation	O
of	O
modified	O
software	O
,	O
be	O
free	O
of	O
backdoors	O
and	O
conform	O
with	O
several	O
other	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Richard	O
Stallman	O
,	O
founder	O
,	O
launched	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
project	I-Application
,	O
author	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kat	O
Walsh	O
,	O
copyright	O
and	O
technology	O
attorney	O
,	O
free	O
culture	O
and	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
advocate	O
,	O
and	O
former	O
chair	O
of	O
the	O
Wikimedia	O
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revenue	O
streams	O
also	O
come	O
from	O
free-software-related	O
compliance	O
labs	O
,	O
job	O
postings	O
,	O
published	O
works	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
web	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revenues	O
fund	O
free-software	B-Application
programs	O
and	O
campaigns	O
,	O
while	O
cash	O
is	O
invested	O
conservatively	O
in	O
socially	O
responsible	O
investing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
16	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Joe	O
Brockmeier	O
,	O
a	O
journalist	O
at	O
Linux	B-Application
Magazine	O
,	O
criticized	O
the	O
Defective	B-Application
by	I-Application
Design	I-Application
campaign	O
by	O
the	O
FSF	O
as	O
"	O
negative	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
juvenile	O
"	O
and	O
not	O
being	O
adequate	O
for	O
providing	O
users	O
with	O
"	O
credible	O
alternatives	O
"	O
to	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
a	O
license	O
update	O
of	O
LibDWG/LibreDWG	O
to	O
the	O
version	O
3	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
GPL	I-License
,	O
made	O
it	O
impossible	O
for	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
projects	O
LibreCAD	B-Language
and	O
FreeCAD	B-Language
to	O
use	O
LibreDWG	B-Algorithm
legally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
projects	O
voiced	O
their	O
unhappiness	O
about	O
the	O
GPLv3	O
license	O
selection	O
for	O
LibreDWG	B-Algorithm
,	O
such	O
as	O
FreeCAD	B-Language
,	O
LibreCAD	B-Language
,	O
Assimp	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Blender	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
suggested	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
a	O
license	O
with	O
a	O
broader	O
license	O
compatibility	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
the	O
MIT	B-License
,	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
LGPL	B-Application
2.1	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
request	O
went	O
to	O
the	O
FSF	O
to	O
relicense	O
GNU	B-Algorithm
LibreDWG	I-Algorithm
as	O
GPLv2	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
rejected	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
replied	O
to	O
an	O
internal	O
MIT	B-License
mailing	O
list	O
post	O
to	O
criticize	O
a	O
statement	O
claiming	O
that	O
Marvin	O
Minsky	O
harmed	O
one	O
of	O
Jeffrey	O
Epstein	O
's	O
victims	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
he	O
remained	O
an	O
,	O
an	O
FSF	O
volunteer	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
head	O
of	O
the	B-Application
GNU	I-Application
Project	I-Application
,	O
which	O
FSF	O
dedicates	O
a	O
significant	O
portion	O
of	O
its	O
resources	O
to	O
supporting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
prominent	O
organizations	O
and	O
individuals	O
who	O
develop	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
objected	O
to	O
the	O
decision	O
of	O
him	O
rejoining	O
the	O
board	O
,	O
citing	O
past	O
writings	O
on	O
Stallman	O
's	O
blog	O
which	O
they	O
considered	O
antithetical	O
to	O
promoting	O
a	O
diverse	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
Stallman	O
's	O
reinstatement	O
Red	O
Hat	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
stop	O
donating	O
to	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
2001	O
:	O
GNU	B-Application
Project	I-Application
received	O
the	O
USENIX	O
Lifetime	O
Achievement	O
Award	O
for	O
"	O
the	O
ubiquity	O
,	O
breadth	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
its	O
freely	O
available	O
redistributable	O
and	O
modifiable	O
software	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
enabled	O
a	O
generation	O
of	O
research	O
and	O
commercial	O
development	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
