<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
descended	O
from	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
Research	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
open-source	B-Application
BSD	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
three-quarters	O
of	O
all	O
installed	O
and	O
permissively	B-Operating_System
licensed	I-Operating_System
BSD	B-Operating_System
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
similarities	O
with	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
with	O
two	O
major	O
differences	O
in	O
scope	O
and	O
licensing	O
:	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
maintains	O
a	O
complete	O
system	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
project	O
delivers	O
a	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
,	O
userland	O
utilities	O
,	O
and	O
documentation	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
only	O
delivering	O
a	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
and	O
drivers	O
,	O
and	O
relying	O
on	O
third-parties	O
for	O
system	B-Application
software	I-Application
;	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
source	O
code	O
is	O
generally	O
released	O
under	O
a	O
permissive	B-License
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
copyleft	B-License
GPL	B-License
used	O
by	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
includes	O
a	O
security	O
team	O
overseeing	O
all	O
software	O
shipped	O
in	O
the	O
base	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
additional	O
third-party	O
applications	B-Application
may	O
be	O
installed	O
from	O
binary	O
packages	O
using	O
the	O
pkg	O
package	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
or	O
from	O
source	O
via	O
FreeBSD	B-Application
Ports	I-Application
,	O
or	O
by	O
manually	O
compiling	B-Language
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
has	O
become	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
Darwin	B-Operating_System
(	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
iPadOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
watchOS	B-Device
,	O
and	O
tvOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
TrueNAS	B-Application
(	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
NAS/SAN	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
system	B-Application
software	I-Application
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
and	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
game	O
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
other	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
systems	O
(	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
NetBSD	B-Device
,	O
and	O
DragonFly	B-Application
BSD	I-Application
)	O
also	O
contain	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
code	O
,	O
and	O
vice-versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
by	O
funding	O
from	O
DARPA	O
,	O
the	O
Computer	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Research	I-Operating_System
Group	I-Operating_System
started	O
to	O
modify	O
and	O
improve	O
AT&T	O
Research	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
called	O
this	O
modified	O
version	O
"	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Unix	I-Operating_System
"	O
or	O
"	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
"	O
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
implementing	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
,	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Fast	I-Operating_System
File	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
project	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1976	O
by	O
Bill	O
Joy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
since	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
contained	O
code	O
from	O
AT&T	O
Unix	O
,	O
all	O
recipients	O
had	O
to	O
first	O
get	O
a	O
license	O
from	O
AT&T	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
use	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
1989	O
,	O
"	O
Networking	O
Release	O
1	O
"	O
or	O
simply	O
Net-1	O
–	O
the	O
first	O
public	O
version	O
of	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
–	O
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
releasing	O
Net-1	O
,	O
Keith	O
Bostic	O
,	O
a	O
developer	B-Application
of	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
suggested	O
replacing	O
all	O
AT&T	O
code	O
with	O
freely-redistributable	O
code	O
under	O
the	O
original	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
six	O
files	O
containing	O
AT&T	O
code	O
remained	O
in	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
developers	B-Application
decided	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
"	O
Networking	O
Release	O
2	O
"	O
(	O
Net-2	O
)	O
without	O
those	O
six	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
several	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Net-2	O
,	O
William	O
and	O
Lynne	O
Jolitz	O
wrote	O
replacements	O
for	O
the	O
six	O
AT&T	O
files	O
,	O
ported	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
to	O
Intel	O
80386-based	O
microprocessors	O
,	O
and	O
called	O
their	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
386BSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
released	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
via	O
an	O
anonymous	O
FTP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
flow	O
of	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
slow	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
neglect	O
,	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
386BSD	B-Operating_System
users	O
decided	O
to	O
branch	O
out	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
keep	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
up	O
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
19	O
June	O
1993	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
chosen	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
inception	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
named	O
Walnut	O
Creek	O
CDROM	B-Device
,	O
upon	O
the	O
suggestion	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
developers	B-Application
,	O
agreed	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
on	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
employed	O
Jordan	O
Hubbard	O
and	O
David	O
Greenman	O
,	O
ran	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
on	O
its	O
servers	B-Application
,	O
sponsored	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
conferences	O
and	O
published	O
FreeBSD-related	O
books	O
,	O
including	O
The	O
Complete	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
by	O
Greg	O
Lehey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1997	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
Walnut	O
Creek	O
's	O
"	O
most	O
successful	O
product	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
later	O
renamed	O
itself	O
to	O
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Mall	O
and	O
later	O
iXsystems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
by	O
many	O
IT	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
IBM	O
,	O
Nokia	O
,	O
Juniper	O
Networks	O
,	O
and	O
NetApp	O
to	O
build	O
their	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Certain	O
parts	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
are	O
based	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
and	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
also	O
borrow	O
certain	O
components	O
from	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
while	O
the	B-Operating_System
PlayStation	I-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
is	O
derived	O
from	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Netflix	O
,	O
WhatsApp	B-Application
,	O
and	O
FlightAware	B-Application
are	O
also	O
examples	O
of	O
large	O
,	O
successful	O
and	O
heavily	O
network-oriented	O
companies	O
which	O
are	O
running	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
386BSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
were	O
both	O
derived	O
from	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
releases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1992	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
Software	O
Design	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
BSDi	O
)	O
started	O
to	O
release	O
BSD/386	B-Operating_System
,	O
later	O
called	O
BSD/OS	B-Operating_System
,	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
similar	O
to	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
based	O
on	O
4.3BSD	O
Net/2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
not	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
litigation	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
suggested	O
to	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
that	O
they	O
should	O
also	O
move	O
to	O
4.4BSD-Lite2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
1994	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
without	O
any	O
code	O
from	O
AT&T	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
contains	O
a	O
significant	O
collection	O
of	O
server-related	O
software	O
in	O
the	O
base	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
ports	O
collection	O
,	O
allowing	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
to	O
be	O
configured	O
and	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
mail	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
,	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
,	O
firewall	B-Application
,	O
FTP	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
,	O
DNS	B-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
and	O
a	O
router	B-Protocol
,	O
among	O
other	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
a	O
regular	O
desktop	O
or	O
a	O
laptop	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
is	O
not	O
installed	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Application
ports	I-Application
collection	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wayland	B-Language
(	O
display	O
server	O
protocol	O
)	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
(	O
unofficially	O
supported	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
desktop	O
environments	O
such	O
as	O
GNOME	B-Application
,	O
KDE	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Xfce	B-Language
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
lightweight	O
window	O
managers	O
such	O
as	O
Openbox	B-Language
,	O
Fluxbox	B-Language
,	O
dwm	B-Language
,	O
and	O
,	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
12	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
modern	O
graphics	O
stack	O
is	O
available	O
via	O
drm-kmod	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
releases	O
installation	O
images	O
for	O
supported	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
13	O
the	O
focus	O
has	O
been	O
on	O
x86-64	B-Device
and	O
aarch64	B-Architecture
platforms	O
which	O
have	O
Tier	O
1	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
x86-32	B-Device
is	O
a	O
Tier	O
1	O
platform	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
12	O
but	O
is	O
a	O
Tier	O
2	O
platform	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
13	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
32	O
bit	O
ARM	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
using	O
armv6	O
or	O
armv7	O
also	O
have	O
Tier	O
2	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
64	O
bit	O
versions	O
of	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
and	O
RISC-V	B-Device
are	O
also	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interest	O
in	O
the	O
RISC-V	B-Device
architecture	I-Device
has	O
been	O
growing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MIPS	B-Device
architecture	I-Device
port	O
has	O
been	O
marked	O
for	O
deprecation	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
image	O
for	O
any	O
currently	O
supported	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
12	O
supports	O
SPARC	B-Architecture
but	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
image	O
for	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
13	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
4.2BSD	O
implementation	O
of	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
which	O
greatly	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
widespread	O
adoption	O
of	O
these	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
also	O
supports	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
,	O
SCTP	B-Protocol
,	O
IPSec	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
wireless	O
networking	O
(	O
Wi-Fi	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
and	O
IPSec	B-Protocol
stacks	O
were	O
taken	O
from	O
the	O
KAME	B-Application
project	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
version	O
11.0	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
supported	O
IPX	B-Protocol
and	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
protocols	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
considered	O
old	O
and	O
have	O
now	O
been	O
dropped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
5.4	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Common	B-Application
Address	I-Application
Redundancy	I-Application
Protocol	I-Application
(	O
CARP	O
)	O
was	O
imported	O
from	O
the	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
CARP	O
allows	O
multiple	O
nodes	O
to	O
share	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
IP	B-Protocol
addresses	I-Protocol
,	O
so	O
if	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
nodes	O
goes	O
down	O
,	O
other	O
nodes	O
still	O
can	O
serve	O
the	O
requests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
several	O
unique	O
features	O
related	O
to	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soft	B-Application
updates	I-Application
can	O
protect	O
the	O
consistency	O
of	O
the	O
UFS	B-Operating_System
filesystem	O
(	O
widely	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
BSDs	B-Operating_System
)	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
crash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Filesystem	O
snapshots	O
allow	O
an	O
image	O
of	O
a	O
UFS	B-Operating_System
filesystem	O
at	O
an	O
instant	O
in	O
time	O
to	O
be	O
efficiently	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GEOM	B-Application
is	O
a	O
modular	O
framework	O
that	O
provides	O
RAID	B-Architecture
(	O
levels	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
currently	O
)	O
,	O
full	O
disk	O
encryption	O
,	O
journaling	B-Application
,	O
concatenation	O
,	O
caching	O
,	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
network-backed	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GEOM	B-Application
allows	O
building	O
of	O
complex	O
storage	O
solutions	O
combining	O
(	O
"	O
chaining	O
"	O
)	O
these	O
mechanisms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
provides	O
two	O
frameworks	O
for	O
data	O
encryption	O
:	O
GBDE	B-Application
and	O
Geli	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
GBDE	B-Application
and	O
Geli	B-Application
operate	O
at	O
the	O
disk	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GBDE	B-Application
was	O
written	O
by	O
Poul-Henning	O
Kamp	O
and	O
is	O
distributed	O
under	O
the	O
two-clause	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Geli	B-Application
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
GBDE	B-Application
that	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
Pawel	O
Jakub	O
Dawidek	O
and	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
6.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
7.0	O
onward	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
supports	O
the	O
ZFS	B-Application
filesystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZFS	B-Application
was	O
previously	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
filesystem	O
that	O
was	O
first	O
developed	O
by	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
Oracle	B-Application
acquired	O
Sun	O
,	O
ZFS	B-Application
became	O
a	O
proprietary	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
is	O
still	O
developing	O
and	O
improving	O
its	O
ZFS	B-Application
implementation	O
via	O
the	O
OpenZFS	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
provides	O
several	O
security-related	O
features	O
including	O
access-control	O
lists	O
(	O
ACLs	O
)	O
,	O
security	O
event	O
auditing	O
,	O
extended	O
file	O
system	O
attributes	O
,	O
mandatory	O
access	O
controls	O
(	O
MAC	O
)	O
and	O
fine-grained	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
project	O
is	O
ongoing	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
extensions	O
have	O
been	O
integrated	O
into	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
has	O
also	O
ported	O
the	O
NSA	O
's	O
FLASK/TE	O
implementation	O
from	O
SELinux	B-Application
to	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
work	O
includes	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
OpenBSM	B-Device
,	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
implementation	O
of	O
Sun	O
's	O
Basic	B-Device
Security	I-Device
Module	I-Device
(	O
BSM	O
)	O
API	B-Application
and	O
audit	O
log	O
file	O
format	O
,	O
which	O
supports	O
an	O
extensive	O
security	O
audit	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
shipped	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
6.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
infrastructure	O
work	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
performed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
TrustedBSD	O
Project	O
has	O
included	O
GEOM	B-Application
and	O
OpenPAM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
TrustedBSD	O
project	O
are	O
eventually	O
folded	O
into	O
the	O
main	O
sources	O
for	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
many	O
features	O
,	O
once	O
fully	O
matured	O
,	O
find	O
their	O
way	O
into	O
other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
OpenPAM	B-Application
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
TrustedBSD	O
MAC	O
Framework	O
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
Apple	O
for	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
ships	O
with	O
three	O
different	O
firewall	B-Application
packages	O
:	O
IPFW	B-Protocol
,	O
pf	B-Protocol
and	O
IPFilter	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
IPFW	B-Protocol
is	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
native	O
firewall	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
pf	B-Protocol
was	O
taken	O
from	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
IPFilter	B-Protocol
was	O
ported	O
to	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
by	O
Darren	O
Reed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Taken	O
from	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
program	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
default	O
install	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenSSH	B-Language
is	O
a	O
free	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
SSH	O
protocol	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
telnet	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
telnet	B-Protocol
,	O
OpenSSH	B-Language
encrypts	O
all	O
information	O
(	O
including	O
usernames	O
and	O
passwords	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2012	O
,	O
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Security	O
Team	O
announced	O
that	O
hackers	O
gained	O
unauthorized	O
access	O
on	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
servers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
servers	B-Application
were	O
turned	O
off	O
immediately	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apparently	O
hackers	O
gained	O
access	O
to	O
these	O
servers	B-Application
by	O
stealing	O
SSH	O
keys	O
from	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
developers	B-Application
,	O
not	O
by	O
exploiting	O
a	O
bug	O
in	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
two	O
hacked	O
servers	B-Application
were	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
infrastructure	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
third-party	O
software	B-Application
packages	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Security	O
Team	O
checked	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
binary	O
packages	O
and	O
announced	O
that	O
no	O
unauthorized	O
changes	O
were	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
binary	O
packages	O
,	O
but	O
stated	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
guarantee	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
packages	O
that	O
were	O
downloaded	O
between	O
19	O
September	O
and	O
11	O
November	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
instruction	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
architectures	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
organizes	O
architectures	O
into	O
tiers	O
that	O
characterize	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
support	O
provided	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
architectures	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
32-bit	O
ARM	B-Architecture
(	O
including	O
OTG	O
)	O
and	O
MIPS	B-Device
support	O
is	O
mostly	O
aimed	O
at	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
(	O
ARM64	B-Architecture
is	O
also	O
aimed	O
at	O
servers	B-Application
)	O
,	O
however	O
FreeBSD/ARM	O
runs	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
single-board	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
including	O
the	O
BeagleBone	O
Black	O
,	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
and	O
Wandboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
devices	O
are	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
12.1-RELEASE	O
Hardware	O
Notes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
document	O
describes	O
the	O
devices	O
currently	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
supported	O
by	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
software	B-Application
repository	I-Application
of	O
over	O
30,000	O
applications	B-Application
that	O
are	O
developed	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
include	O
:	O
windowing	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
email	B-Protocol
clients	I-Protocol
,	O
office	B-Application
suites	I-Application
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	B-Application
may	O
either	O
be	O
compiled	B-Language
from	O
source	O
(	O
"	O
ports	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
provided	O
their	O
licensing	O
terms	O
allow	O
this	O
,	O
or	O
downloaded	O
as	O
precompiled	O
binaries	O
(	O
"	O
packages	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ports	O
collection	O
supports	O
the	O
current	O
and	O
stable	O
branches	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ports	O
use	O
Makefiles	O
to	O
automatically	O
fetch	O
the	O
desired	O
application	O
's	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
either	O
from	O
a	O
local	O
or	O
remote	O
repository	O
,	O
unpack	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
apply	O
patches	O
to	O
it	O
and	O
compile	B-Language
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Depending	O
on	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
compiling	B-Language
can	O
take	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
gives	O
the	O
user	O
more	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
process	O
and	O
its	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
version	O
10.0	O
introduced	O
the	O
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
pkg	O
as	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
previously	O
used	O
package	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
functionally	O
similar	O
to	O
apt	B-Application
and	O
yum	B-Application
in	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
pkg	O
,	O
PackageKit	B-Language
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
Ports	O
collection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
introduced	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
version	O
4	O
,	O
jails	O
are	O
a	O
security	O
mechanism	O
and	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
operating-system-level	B-Application
virtualization	I-Application
that	O
enables	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
run	O
multiple	O
instances	O
of	O
a	O
guest	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
on	O
top	O
of	O
a	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
host	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
enhanced	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
chroot	B-Application
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
jail	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
hostname	B-Protocol
and	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
run	O
multiple	O
jails	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
is	O
shared	O
among	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
only	O
software	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
run	O
within	O
a	O
jail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
bhyve	B-Application
,	O
a	O
new	O
virtualization	O
solution	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
10.0	O
.	O
bhyve	B-Application
allows	O
a	O
user	O
to	O
run	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
guest	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
(	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
)	O
simultaneously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
Illumos	B-Application
are	O
planned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
bhyve	B-Application
was	O
written	O
by	O
Neel	O
Natu	O
and	O
Peter	O
Grehan	O
and	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
the	O
2011	O
BSDCan	O
conference	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
difference	O
between	O
bhyve	B-Application
and	O
FreeBSD	B-Language
jails	I-Language
is	O
that	O
jails	O
are	O
an	O
operating	B-Application
system-level	I-Application
virtualization	I-Application
and	O
therefore	O
limited	O
to	O
only	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
guests	O
;	O
but	O
bhyve	B-Application
is	O
a	O
type	O
2	O
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
and	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
only	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
guests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
comparison	O
,	O
bhyve	B-Application
is	O
a	O
similar	O
technology	O
to	O
KVM	B-Application
whereas	O
jails	O
are	O
closer	O
to	O
LXC	B-Application
containers	I-Application
or	O
Solaris	O
Zones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
11.0	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
support	O
for	O
running	O
as	O
the	O
Dom0	B-Operating_System
privileged	O
domain	O
for	O
the	O
Xen	B-Operating_System
type	O
1	O
hypervisor	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
running	O
as	O
DomU	B-Operating_System
(	O
guest	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
available	O
since	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
8.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
(	O
without	O
the	O
closed-source	O
Extension	O
Pack	O
)	O
and	O
QEMU	B-Application
are	O
available	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
software	O
that	O
runs	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
can	O
run	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
using	O
an	O
optional	O
built-in	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hence	O
,	O
most	O
Linux	B-Application
binaries	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
some	O
proprietary	O
applications	B-Application
distributed	O
only	O
in	O
binary	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layer	I-General_Concept
is	O
not	O
an	O
emulation	B-Application
;	O
Linux	B-Application
's	O
system	B-Operating_System
call	I-Operating_System
interface	O
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
and	O
hence	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
executable	B-Application
images	I-Application
and	O
shared	O
libraries	O
are	O
treated	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
native	O
executable	B-Application
images	I-Application
and	O
shared	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
provides	O
compatibility	B-General_Concept
layers	I-General_Concept
for	O
several	O
other	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
BSD/OS	B-Operating_System
and	O
SVR4	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
common	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
compile	B-Language
those	O
programs	O
directly	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
noticeable	O
performance	O
penalty	O
over	O
native	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
programs	O
has	O
been	O
noted	O
when	O
running	O
Linux	B-Application
binaries	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
these	O
may	O
even	O
perform	O
more	O
smoothly	O
than	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
layer	O
is	O
not	O
altogether	O
seamless	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
Linux	B-Application
binaries	O
are	O
unusable	O
or	O
only	O
partially	O
usable	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
support	O
for	O
system	B-Operating_System
calls	I-Operating_System
up	O
to	O
version	O
2.6.18	O
,	O
available	O
since	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
release	O
10.3	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
can	O
run	O
64-bit	B-Operating_System
Linux	I-Operating_System
binaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
implemented	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
native	O
NDIS	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
interfaces	O
to	O
allow	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
to	O
run	O
(	O
otherwise	O
)	O
Windows-only	O
network	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Wine	B-Application
compatibility	I-Application
layer	I-Application
,	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
running	O
of	O
many	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
especially	O
games	O
,	O
without	O
a	O
(	O
licensed	O
)	O
copy	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
provides	O
support	O
for	O
some	O
essential	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
managing	O
processes	O
,	O
communication	O
,	O
booting	B-Operating_System
and	O
filesystems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
monolithic	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
a	O
modular	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Different	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
drivers	O
,	O
are	O
designed	O
as	O
modules	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
can	O
load	O
and	O
unload	O
these	O
modules	B-Application
at	O
any	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ULE	B-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
default	O
scheduler	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
since	O
version	O
7.1	O
,	O
it	O
supports	O
SMP	B-Operating_System
and	O
SMT	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
has	O
also	O
a	O
scalable	O
event	O
notification	O
interface	O
,	O
named	O
kqueue	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
other	O
BSD-derivatives	O
such	O
as	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kernel	B-Operating_System
threading	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
5.0	O
,	O
using	O
an	O
M:N	O
threading	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
model	O
works	O
well	O
in	O
theory	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
implement	O
and	O
few	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
support	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
implementation	O
of	O
this	O
model	O
worked	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
perform	O
well	O
,	O
so	O
from	O
version	O
7.0	O
onward	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
started	O
using	O
a	O
1:1	O
threading	O
model	O
,	O
called	O
libthr	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
documentation	O
consists	O
of	O
its	O
handbooks	O
,	O
manual	O
pages	O
,	O
mailing	O
list	O
archives	O
,	O
FAQs	O
and	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
articles	O
,	O
mainly	O
maintained	O
by	O
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Documentation	O
Project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
documentation	O
is	O
translated	O
into	O
several	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
official	O
documentation	O
is	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Application
Documentation	I-Application
License	I-Application
,	O
"	O
a	O
permissive	B-License
non-copyleft	B-License
free	O
documentation	O
license	O
that	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
GNU	O
FDL	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
documentation	O
is	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
high-quality	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
maintains	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
mailing	O
lists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
mailing	O
lists	O
are	O
FreeBSD-questions	O
(	O
general	O
questions	O
)	O
and	O
FreeBSD-hackers	O
(	O
a	O
place	O
for	O
asking	O
more	O
technical	O
questions	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2004	O
,	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
Users	O
Group	O
database	O
provides	O
dmesg	B-Device
information	O
from	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
computers	O
(	O
laptops	B-Device
,	O
workstations	B-Device
,	O
single-board	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
,	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
running	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
version	O
2.0	O
to	O
8.4	O
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
used	O
the	O
sysinstall	O
program	O
as	O
its	O
main	O
installer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
C	B-Language
by	O
Jordan	O
Hubbard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
a	O
text	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
and	O
is	O
divided	O
into	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
menus	O
and	O
screens	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
configure	O
and	O
control	O
the	O
installation	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
install	O
Ports	O
and	O
Packages	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
command-line	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sysinstall	O
utility	O
is	O
now	O
considered	O
deprecated	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
bsdinstall	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
installer	O
which	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
9.0	O
.	O
bsdinstall	O
is	O
"	O
a	O
lightweight	O
replacement	O
for	O
sysinstall	O
"	O
that	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
sh	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
shell	O
is	O
the	O
tcsh	B-Language
shell	O
for	O
root	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Almquist	B-Operating_System
shell	I-Operating_System
(	O
sh	B-Device
)	O
for	O
regular	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
scripting	O
shell	O
is	O
the	O
Almquist	B-Operating_System
shell	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
volunteer	O
team	O
located	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developers	B-Application
use	O
the	O
Internet	O
for	O
all	O
communication	O
and	O
many	O
have	O
not	O
met	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
person	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
local	O
user	O
groups	O
sponsored	O
and	O
attended	O
by	O
users	O
,	O
an	O
annual	O
conference	O
,	O
called	O
BSDcon	O
,	O
is	O
held	O
by	O
USENIX	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
BSDcon	O
is	O
not	O
FreeBSD-specific	O
so	O
it	O
deals	O
with	O
the	O
technical	O
aspects	O
of	O
all	O
BSD-derived	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
NetBSD	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Project	I-Operating_System
is	O
run	O
by	O
around	O
500	O
committers	O
or	O
developers	B-Application
who	O
have	O
commit	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
master	O
source	O
code	O
repositories	O
and	O
can	O
develop	O
,	O
debug	O
or	O
enhance	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
developers	B-Application
are	O
volunteers	O
and	O
few	O
developers	B-Application
are	O
paid	O
by	O
some	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
kinds	O
of	O
committers	O
,	O
including	O
source	O
committers	O
(	O
base	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
doc	O
committers	O
(	O
documentation	O
and	O
website	O
authors	O
)	O
and	O
ports	O
(	O
third-party	O
application	O
porting	O
and	O
infrastructure	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
two	O
years	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
committers	O
select	O
a	O
9-member	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Core	O
Team	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
overall	O
project	O
direction	O
,	O
setting	O
and	O
enforcing	O
project	O
rules	O
and	O
approving	O
new	O
committers	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
granting	O
of	O
commit	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
repositories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
responsibilities	O
are	O
officially	O
assigned	O
to	O
other	O
development	O
teams	O
by	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Core	O
Team	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
responsibility	O
for	O
managing	O
the	O
ports	O
collection	O
is	O
delegated	O
to	O
the	O
Ports	O
Management	O
Team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
developers	B-Application
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
thousands	O
of	O
"	O
contributors	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contributors	O
are	O
also	O
volunteers	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
who	O
submit	O
patches	O
for	O
consideration	O
by	O
committers	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
do	O
n't	O
have	O
direct	O
access	O
to	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
source	O
code	O
repository	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
developers	B-Application
maintain	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
branches	O
of	O
simultaneous	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
-CURRENT	O
branch	O
always	O
represents	O
the	O
"	O
bleeding	B-Application
edge	I-Application
"	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
-STABLE	O
branch	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
created	O
for	O
each	O
major	O
version	O
number	O
,	O
from	O
which	O
-RELEASE	O
is	O
cut	O
about	O
once	O
every	O
4	O
–	O
6	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
feature	O
is	O
sufficiently	O
stable	O
and	O
mature	O
it	O
will	O
likely	O
be	O
backported	O
(	O
MFC	O
or	O
Merge	O
from	O
CURRENT	O
in	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
developer	B-Application
slang	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
-STABLE	O
branch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
development	O
is	O
supported	O
in	O
part	O
by	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
foundation	O
is	O
a	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
that	O
accepts	O
donations	O
to	O
fund	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
funding	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
sponsor	O
developers	B-Application
for	O
specific	O
activities	O
,	O
purchase	O
hardware	O
and	O
network	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
provide	O
travel	O
grants	O
to	O
developer	B-Application
summits	O
,	O
and	O
provide	O
legal	O
support	O
to	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Foundation	O
received	O
US$1	O
million	O
donation	O
from	O
Jan	O
Koum	O
,	O
co-founder	O
and	O
CEO	O
of	O
WhatsApp	B-Application
the	O
largest	O
single	O
donation	O
to	O
the	O
Foundation	O
since	O
its	O
inception	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jan	O
Koum	O
himself	O
is	O
a	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
user	O
since	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
and	O
WhatsApp	B-Application
uses	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
on	O
its	O
servers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
released	O
under	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
open-source	B-Application
licenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
code	O
and	O
most	O
newly	O
created	O
code	O
are	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
two-clause	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
which	O
allows	O
everyone	O
to	O
use	O
and	O
redistribute	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
as	O
they	O
wish	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
license	O
was	O
approved	O
by	O
Free	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
and	O
Open	B-Application
Source	I-Application
Initiative	O
as	O
a	O
Free	O
Software	O
and	O
Open	B-Application
Source	I-Application
license	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Free	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
described	O
this	O
license	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
lax	O
,	O
permissive	B-License
non-copyleft	B-License
free	O
software	O
license	O
,	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
GPL	I-License
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
parts	O
released	O
under	O
three	O
-	O
and	O
four-clause	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
licenses	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
Beerware	B-License
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
include	O
a	O
binary	O
blob	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Atheros	O
HAL	B-Operating_System
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
versions	O
before	O
7.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
code	O
contributed	O
by	O
other	O
projects	O
is	O
licensed	O
under	O
GPL	B-License
,	O
LGPL	B-Application
,	O
CDDL	B-Application
and	O
ISC	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
code	O
licensed	O
under	O
GPL	B-License
and	O
CDDL	B-Application
is	O
clearly	O
separated	O
from	O
the	O
code	O
under	O
liberal	O
licenses	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easy	O
for	O
users	O
such	O
as	O
embedded	B-Architecture
device	I-Architecture
manufacturers	O
to	O
use	O
only	O
permissive	B-License
free	I-License
software	I-License
licenses	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
ClangBSD	B-Application
aims	O
to	O
replace	O
some	O
GPL	B-License
dependencies	O
in	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
base	O
system	O
by	O
replacing	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
compiler	I-Application
collection	I-Application
with	O
the	O
BSD-licensed	O
LLVM/Clang	O
compiler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ClangBSD	B-Application
became	O
self-hosting	O
on	O
16	O
April	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
many	O
years	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
logo	O
was	O
the	O
generic	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
Daemon	O
,	O
also	O
called	O
Beastie	O
,	O
a	O
distorted	O
pronunciation	O
of	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Beastie	O
was	O
not	O
unique	O
to	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
appearing	O
in	O
1976	O
on	O
Unix	O
T-shirts	O
purchased	O
by	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
popular	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
daemon	O
were	O
drawn	O
by	O
animation	O
director	O
John	O
Lasseter	O
beginning	O
in	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
FreeBSD-specific	O
versions	O
were	O
later	O
drawn	O
by	O
Tatsumi	O
Hosokawa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
daemon	O
was	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
too	O
graphically	O
detailed	O
for	O
smooth	O
size	O
scaling	O
and	O
aesthetically	O
over-dependent	O
on	O
multiple	O
color	O
gradations	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
hard	O
to	O
reliably	O
reproduce	O
as	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
standardized	O
logo	O
in	O
only	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
colors	O
,	O
much	O
less	O
in	O
monochrome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
these	O
worries	O
,	O
a	O
competition	O
was	O
held	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
logo	O
designed	O
by	O
Anton	O
K	O
.	O
Gural	O
,	O
still	O
echoing	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
daemon	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
8	O
October	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
by	O
Robert	O
Watson	O
that	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
is	O
"	O
seeking	O
a	O
new	O
logo	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
a	O
new	O
mascot	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
project	I-Operating_System
would	O
continue	O
to	O
use	O
Beastie	O
as	O
its	O
mascot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
"	O
was	O
coined	O
by	O
David	O
Greenman	O
on	O
19	O
June	O
1993	O
,	O
other	O
suggested	O
names	O
were	O
"	O
BSDFree86	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Free86BSD	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
's	O
slogan	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
Power	O
to	O
Serve	O
"	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
trademark	O
of	O
The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
software	O
distributions	O
based	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
these	O
distributions	O
have	O
no	O
or	O
only	O
minor	O
changes	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
base	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
difference	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
is	O
that	O
they	O
come	O
with	O
pre-installed	O
and	O
pre-configured	O
software	O
for	O
specific	O
use	O
cases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
compared	O
with	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
,	O
which	O
are	O
all	O
binary	O
compatible	O
because	O
they	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
and	O
also	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
basic	O
tools	O
,	O
compilers	B-Language
,	O
and	O
libraries	O
while	O
coming	O
with	O
different	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
configurations	O
,	O
and	O
branding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
these	O
distributions	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
independent	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
DragonFly	B-Application
BSD	I-Application
is	O
a	O
fork	O
from	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
4.8	O
aiming	O
for	O
a	O
different	O
multiprocessor	O
synchronization	O
strategy	O
than	O
the	O
one	O
chosen	O
for	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
5	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
some	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
not	O
aim	O
to	O
stay	O
compatible	O
with	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
has	O
huge	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
and	O
basic	O
userland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MidnightBSD	B-Application
is	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
6.1	O
borrowing	O
heavily	O
from	O
NeXTSTEP	B-Application
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
department	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Darwin	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
includes	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
and	O
network	O
stack	O
derived	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
components	O
of	O
its	O
userspace	B-Operating_System
are	O
also	O
FreeBSD-derived	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
subscription	O
services	O
that	O
are	O
directly	O
based	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
WhatsApp	B-Application
processes	O
2	O
million	O
concurrent	O
TCP	O
connections	O
per	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Embedded	B-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
and	O
embedded	B-Architecture
device	I-Architecture
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Juniper	O
's	O
JUNOS	B-Application
router	B-Protocol
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
EMC	O
Isilon	O
's	O
OneFS	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetApp	O
's	O
Data	O
ONTAP	O
8.x	O
and	O
the	O
now-superseded	O
ONTAP	O
GX	O
(	O
only	O
as	O
a	O
loader	O
for	O
proprietary	O
kernel-space	B-Operating_System
module	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
pfSense	B-Protocol
,	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
firewall	B-Application
,	O
router	B-Protocol
and	O
security	O
appliance	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ZFS	B-Application
filesystem	O
has	O
been	O
updated	O
to	O
implement	O
parallel	O
mounting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
has	O
changed	O
the	O
way	O
graphics	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
are	O
handled	O
on	O
amd64	B-Device
and	O
i386	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphics	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
for	O
modern	O
ATI-AMD	O
and	O
Intel	O
graphics	O
cards	O
are	O
now	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
Ports	O
Collection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
UFS/FFS	O
filesystem	O
has	O
been	O
updated	O
to	O
support	O
check	O
hashes	O
to	O
cylinder-group	O
maps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
13	O
April	O
2021	O
The	O
clang	B-Application
,	O
lld	O
,	O
and	O
lldb	O
utilities	O
and	O
compiler-rt	O
,	O
llvm	B-Application
,	O
libunwind	O
,	O
and	O
libc++	O
libraries	O
have	O
been	O
updated	O
to	O
version	O
11.0.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Removed	O
the	O
obsolete	O
binutils	O
2.17	O
and	O
gcc(1 )	O
4.2.1	O
from	O
the	O
tree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
supported	O
architectures	O
now	O
use	O
the	O
LLVM/clang	O
toolchain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
now	O
supports	O
in-kernel	O
framing	O
and	O
encryption	O
of	O
Transport	O
Layer	O
Security	O
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
data	O
on	O
TCP	O
sockets	O
for	O
TLS	O
versions	O
1.0	O
through	O
1.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transmit	O
offload	O
via	O
in-kernel	O
crypto	O
drivers	O
is	O
supported	O
for	O
MtE	O
cipher	O
suites	O
using	O
AES-CBC	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
AEAD	O
cipher	O
suites	O
using	O
AES-GCM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Receive	O
offload	O
via	O
in-kernel	O
crypto	O
drivers	O
is	O
supported	O
for	O
AES-GCM	O
cipher	O
suites	O
for	O
TLS	O
1.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
64-bit	B-Architecture
ARM	I-Architecture
architecture	O
known	O
as	O
arm64	B-Architecture
or	O
AArch64	B-Architecture
is	O
promoted	O
to	O
Tier-1	O
status	O
for	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
13	O
.	O
</s>
