<s>
Franklin	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
electrostatic	I-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
high-voltage	O
static	O
electricity-generating	O
device	O
used	O
by	O
Benjamin	O
Franklin	O
in	O
the	O
mid-18th	O
century	O
for	O
research	O
into	O
electrical	O
phenomena	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
's	O
experiments	O
with	O
the	O
machine	O
eventually	O
led	O
to	O
new	O
theories	O
about	O
electricity	O
and	O
inventing	O
the	O
lightning	B-Architecture
rod	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
was	O
not	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
build	O
an	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
generator	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Francis	O
Hauksbee	O
developed	O
a	O
more	O
advanced	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
generator	I-Algorithm
around	O
1704	O
using	O
a	O
glass	O
bulb	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
vacuum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
amber	B-Device
,	O
sulfur	O
,	O
or	O
glass	O
are	O
rubbed	O
with	O
certain	O
materials	O
,	O
they	O
produce	O
electrical	O
effects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
experimented	O
not	O
only	O
with	O
the	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
with	O
the	O
glass	O
globe	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
with	O
the	O
Leyden	O
jar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
wrote	O
detailed	O
letters	O
and	O
documents	O
about	O
his	O
experiments	O
with	O
the	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
and	O
Leyden	O
jars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1749	O
,	O
Franklin	O
made	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
several	O
ways	O
in	O
which	O
lightning	B-Architecture
was	O
similar	O
to	O
electricity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
concluded	O
that	O
lightning	B-Architecture
was	O
essentially	O
nothing	O
more	O
than	O
giant	O
electric	O
sparks	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
sparks	O
from	O
the	O
static	O
charges	O
produced	O
by	O
his	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
invented	O
the	O
lightning	B-Architecture
rod	O
based	O
on	O
what	O
he	O
learned	O
from	O
experiments	O
with	O
his	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
thought	O
something	O
could	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
attract	O
the	O
electricity	O
out	O
of	O
storm	O
clouds	O
,	O
but	O
first	O
he	O
had	O
to	O
verify	O
that	O
lightning	B-Architecture
bolts	O
really	O
are	O
giant	O
electric	O
sparks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
test	O
his	O
theory	O
,	O
Franklin	O
proposed	O
a	O
potentially	O
deadly	O
experiment	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
performed	O
during	O
an	O
electrical	O
storm	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
person	O
would	O
stand	O
on	O
an	O
insulated	O
stool	O
inside	O
a	O
sentry	O
box	O
,	O
and	O
hold	O
out	O
a	O
long	O
,	O
pointed	O
iron	O
rod	O
to	O
attract	O
a	O
lightning	B-Architecture
bolt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
declared	O
that	O
this	O
"	O
sentry-box	O
experiment	O
"	O
showed	O
that	O
lightning	B-Architecture
and	O
electricity	O
were	O
one	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
realized	O
that	O
wooden	O
buildings	O
could	O
be	O
protected	O
from	O
lightning	B-Architecture
strikes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
deadly	O
fires	O
that	O
often	O
resulted	O
,	O
by	O
placing	O
a	O
pointed	O
iron	O
on	O
a	O
rooftop	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
rod	O
placed	O
deep	O
into	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sharp	O
point	O
of	O
the	O
lightning	B-Architecture
rod	O
would	O
attract	O
the	O
electrical	O
discharge	O
from	O
the	O
cloud	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lightning	B-Architecture
bolt	O
would	O
hit	O
the	O
iron	O
rod	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
wooden	O
building	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
electric	O
charge	O
from	O
the	O
lightning	B-Architecture
would	O
flow	O
through	O
the	O
rod	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
earth	O
,	O
bypassing	O
the	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
preventing	O
a	O
fire	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
's	O
friend	O
Kinnersley	O
traveled	O
throughout	O
the	O
eastern	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
the	O
1750s	O
demonstrating	O
man-made	O
"	O
lightning	B-Architecture
"	O
on	O
model	O
thunder	O
houses	O
to	O
show	O
a	O
how	O
an	O
iron	O
rod	O
placed	O
into	O
the	O
ground	O
would	O
protect	O
a	O
wooden	O
structure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
explained	O
that	O
lightning	B-Architecture
followed	O
the	O
same	O
principles	O
as	O
the	O
sparks	O
from	O
Franklin	B-Algorithm
's	I-Algorithm
electrostatic	I-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
lectures	O
by	O
Kinnersley	O
were	O
widely	O
advertised	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
ways	O
Franklin	O
's	O
lightning	B-Architecture
rod	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Franklin	O
distributed	O
copies	O
of	O
the	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
to	O
many	O
of	O
his	O
close	O
associates	O
to	O
encourage	O
them	O
to	O
study	O
electricity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
1747	O
and	O
1750	O
,	O
Franklin	O
sent	O
many	O
letters	O
to	O
his	O
friend	O
Collinson	O
in	O
London	O
about	O
his	O
experiments	O
with	O
the	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
Leyden	O
jar	O
,	O
including	O
his	O
observations	O
and	O
theories	O
on	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
electricity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Joseph	O
Priestley	O
was	O
writing	O
about	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
electricity	O
,	O
Franklin	O
encouraged	O
him	O
to	O
use	O
an	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
to	O
perform	O
the	O
experiments	O
he	O
was	O
writing	O
about	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eighteenth-century	O
scientific	O
laboratories	O
usually	O
contained	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
hand-operated	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
machine	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Italian	O
scientist	O
Luigi	O
Galvani	O
had	O
an	O
electrostatic	B-Algorithm
generator	I-Algorithm
in	O
his	O
laboratory	O
,	O
where	O
experiments	O
with	O
frog	O
legs	O
led	O
him	O
to	O
conclude	O
that	O
animals	O
generated	O
a	O
vital	O
force	O
,	O
an	O
animal	O
electricity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
invention	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
practical	O
electric	O
battery	O
,	O
the	O
voltaic	B-Architecture
pile	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
