<s>
Frame	O
Semantics	O
,	O
a	O
theory	O
of	O
meaning	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
Charles	O
J	O
.	O
Fillmore	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
(	O
Fillmore	O
1976	O
,	O
1977	O
,	O
1982	O
,	O
1985	O
,	O
Fillmore	O
and	O
Baker	O
2001	O
,	O
2010	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cook	O
,	O
Food	O
,	O
Heating_instrument	O
,	O
and	O
Container	O
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
frame	O
elements	O
(	O
FEs	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
project	O
,	O
which	O
represents	O
this	O
as	O
a	O
frame	O
named	O
Apply_heat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
in	O
the	O
examples	O
of	O
Apply_heat	O
and	O
Revenge	O
below	O
,	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
's	O
role	O
is	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
frames	O
and	O
annotate	O
sentences	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
how	O
the	O
FEs	O
fit	O
syntactically	O
around	O
the	O
word	O
that	O
elicits	O
the	O
frame	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
frame	O
in	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
contains	O
a	O
textual	O
description	O
of	O
what	O
it	O
represents	O
(	O
a	O
frame	O
definition	O
)	O
,	O
associated	O
frame	O
elements	O
,	O
lexical	O
units	O
,	O
example	O
sentences	O
,	O
and	O
frame-to-frame	O
relations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
includes	O
shallow	O
data	O
on	O
syntactic	O
roles	O
that	O
frame	O
elements	O
play	O
in	O
the	O
example	O
sentences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
sentence	O
like	O
"	O
She	O
was	O
born	O
about	O
AD	O
460	O
"	O
,	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
would	O
mark	O
"	O
She	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
noun	O
phrase	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
Child	O
FE	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
about	O
AD	O
460	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
noun	O
phrase	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
Time	O
frame	O
element	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
start	O
,	O
the	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
project	O
has	O
been	O
committed	O
to	O
looking	O
at	O
evidence	O
from	O
actual	O
language	O
use	O
as	O
found	O
in	O
text	O
collections	O
like	O
the	O
British	O
National	O
Corpus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
also	O
exposes	O
the	O
statistics	O
on	O
the	O
valences	O
of	O
the	O
frames	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
and	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
frame	O
elements	O
within	O
example	O
sentences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
which	O
occurs	O
two	O
times	O
in	O
the	O
in	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
,	O
</s>
<s>
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
additionally	O
captures	O
relationships	O
between	O
different	O
frames	O
using	O
relations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
has	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
computational	O
applications	O
,	O
because	O
computers	O
need	O
additional	O
knowledge	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
recognize	O
that	O
"	O
John	O
sold	O
a	O
car	O
to	O
Mary	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Mary	O
bought	O
a	O
car	O
from	O
John	O
"	O
describe	O
essentially	O
the	O
same	O
situation	O
,	O
despite	O
using	O
two	O
quite	O
different	O
verbs	O
,	O
different	O
prepositions	O
and	O
a	O
different	O
word	O
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
applications	O
like	O
question	B-Algorithm
answering	I-Algorithm
,	O
paraphrasing	B-General_Concept
,	O
recognizing	O
textual	O
entailment	O
,	O
and	O
information	B-General_Concept
extraction	I-General_Concept
,	O
either	O
directly	O
or	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
Semantic	O
Role	O
Labeling	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
automatic	O
system	O
for	O
Semantic	O
Role	O
Labeling	O
(	O
SRL	O
,	O
sometimes	O
also	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
shallow	O
semantic	O
parsing	O
"	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Daniel	O
Gildea	O
and	O
Daniel	O
Jurafsky	O
based	O
on	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
in	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	O
Role	O
Labeling	O
has	O
since	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
tasks	O
in	O
natural	O
language	O
processing	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
latest	O
version	O
(	O
1.7	O
)	O
of	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
now	O
fully	O
supported	O
in	O
the	O
Natural	B-General_Concept
Language	I-General_Concept
Toolkit	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
frames	O
are	O
essentially	O
semantic	O
descriptions	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
similar	O
across	O
languages	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
projects	O
have	O
arisen	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
that	O
have	O
relied	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
FrameNet	B-General_Concept
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
additional	O
non-English	O
FrameNets	B-General_Concept
,	O
for	O
Spanish	O
,	O
Japanese	O
,	O
German	O
,	O
and	O
Polish	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
