<s>
Flutter	B-Application
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
UI	B-Application
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
created	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
applications	I-Operating_System
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Language
Fuchsia	I-Language
,	O
and	O
the	O
web	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
codebase	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
described	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
Flutter	B-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
May	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Flutter	B-Application
was	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Sky	O
"	O
and	O
ran	O
on	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
unveiled	O
at	O
the	O
2015	O
Dart	B-Language
developer	O
summit	O
with	O
the	O
stated	O
intent	O
of	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
render	O
consistently	O
at	O
120	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
keynote	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Developer	I-Application
Days	I-Application
in	O
Shanghai	O
in	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
Flutter	B-Application
Release	O
Preview	O
2	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
major	O
release	O
before	O
Flutter	B-Application
1.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
4th	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
,	O
Flutter	B-Application
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
at	O
the	O
Flutter	B-Application
Live	O
event	O
,	O
denoting	O
the	O
first	O
stable	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
11	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Flutter	B-Application
1.12	O
was	O
released	O
at	O
the	O
Flutter	B-Application
Interactive	O
event	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
6	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Dart	B-Language
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	B-Application
)	O
version	O
2.8	O
and	O
Flutter	B-Application
1.17.0	O
were	O
released	O
,	O
adding	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Metal	B-Library
API	I-Library
which	O
improves	O
performance	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
by	O
approximately	O
50%	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
new	O
Material	O
widgets	O
and	O
network	O
tracking	O
development	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
3	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
Flutter	B-Application
2	O
during	O
an	O
online	O
Flutter	B-Application
Engage	O
event	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
major	O
update	O
brought	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
web-based	O
applications	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
Canvas	O
Kit	O
renderer	O
and	O
web	O
specific	O
widgets	O
,	O
early-access	O
desktop	O
application	O
support	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
improved	O
Add-to-App	O
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
also	O
utilized	O
Dart	B-Language
2.0	O
that	O
featured	O
sound	O
null-safety	B-Application
,	O
which	O
caused	O
many	O
breaking	O
changes	O
and	O
issues	O
with	O
many	O
external	O
packages	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
Flutter	B-Application
team	O
included	O
instructions	O
and	O
tools	O
to	O
mitigate	O
these	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
8th	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Dart	B-Language
2.14	O
and	O
Flutter	B-Application
2.5	O
were	O
released	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
update	O
brought	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
full-screen	O
mode	O
and	O
the	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Material	B-Application
Design	I-Application
called	O
Material	O
You	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dart	B-Language
received	O
two	O
new	O
updates	O
,	O
standardizing	O
lint	B-Device
conditions	O
and	O
marking	O
support	O
for	O
Apple	B-Device
Silicon	I-Device
as	O
stable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
12	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Flutter	B-Application
3	O
and	O
Dart	B-Language
2.17	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
update	O
expanded	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
platforms	O
supported	O
to	O
six	O
,	O
including	O
stable	O
support	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
on	O
both	O
Intel	O
and	O
Apple	B-Device
Silicon	I-Device
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
30	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Flutter	B-Application
3.3	O
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
featured	O
Objective-C	B-Language
and	O
Swift	B-Application
interop	O
and	O
an	O
early	O
preview	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
rendering	O
engine	O
called	O
"	O
Impeller	O
"	O
which	O
aims	O
to	O
reduce	O
stutter	O
caused	O
by	O
shader	O
compilation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
25	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
Flutter	B-Application
3.7	O
was	O
announced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
components	O
of	O
Flutter	B-Application
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Flutter	B-Application
apps	O
are	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
Dart	B-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
's	O
more	O
advanced	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
better	O
performance	O
,	O
release	O
versions	O
of	O
Flutter	B-Application
apps	O
on	O
all	O
platforms	O
use	O
ahead-of-time	B-Application
(	O
AOT	B-Application
)	O
compilation	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
where	O
code	O
is	O
transpiled	B-Language
to	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flutter	B-Application
inherits	O
Dart	B-Language
's	O
package	B-Application
manager	I-Application
and	O
software	B-Application
repository	I-Application
,	O
which	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
publish	O
and	O
use	O
custom	O
packages	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Flutter-specific	O
plugins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flutter	B-Application
's	O
engine	O
,	O
written	O
primarily	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
provides	O
low-level	O
rendering	O
support	O
using	O
either	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Skia	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
library	I-Application
or	O
the	O
custom	O
"	O
Impeller	O
"	O
graphics	O
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
it	O
interfaces	O
with	O
platform-specific	B-Architecture
SDKs	B-Application
such	O
as	O
those	O
provided	O
by	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
to	O
implement	O
accessibility	O
,	O
file	O
and	O
network	O
I/O	O
,	O
native	O
plugin	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Foundation	O
library	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
Dart	B-Language
,	O
provides	O
basic	O
classes	O
and	O
functions	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
construct	O
applications	O
using	O
Flutter	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
APIs	B-Application
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
the	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flutter	B-Application
framework	O
contains	O
two	O
sets	O
of	O
widgets	O
that	O
conform	O
to	O
specific	O
design	O
languages	O
:	O
Material	B-Application
Design	I-Application
widgets	O
implement	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
design	O
language	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
Cupertino	O
widgets	O
implement	O
Apple	O
's	O
iOS	B-Application
Human	B-Application
interface	I-Application
guidelines	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flutter	B-Application
allows	O
the	O
developer	O
to	O
use	O
either	O
set	O
of	O
widgets	O
on	O
either	O
platform	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
even	O
Cupertino	O
widgets	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third	O
party	O
packages	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
automatically	O
adjust	O
the	O
app	O
's	O
design	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flutter	B-Application
maintains	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
IDEs	B-Application
and	O
editors	O
via	O
plugins	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
IDEs	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
community-supported	O
plugins	O
,	O
or	O
by	O
using	O
Flutter	B-Application
tools	O
from	O
the	O
command	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
tools	O
emerging	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
that	O
have	O
started	O
to	O
utilize	O
official	O
Flutter	B-Application
IDE	O
Framework	O
and	O
offer	O
customized	O
Graphical	O
use	O
interface	O
builders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
component	O
in	O
a	O
Flutter	B-Application
program	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
widget	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
in	O
turn	O
consist	O
of	O
other	O
widgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
widget	O
describes	O
the	O
logic	O
,	O
interaction	O
,	O
and	O
design	O
of	O
a	O
UI	B-Application
element	O
with	O
an	O
implementation	O
similar	O
to	O
React	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
other	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
toolkits	O
such	O
as	O
React	B-Application
Native	I-Application
and	O
Xamarin	B-Application
which	O
draw	O
widgets	O
using	O
native	O
platform	O
components	O
,	O
Flutter	B-Application
renders	O
widgets	O
itself	O
on	O
a	O
per-pixel	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
widgets	O
are	O
the	O
primary	O
method	O
of	O
constructing	O
Flutter	B-Application
applications	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
bypassed	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
directly	O
drawing	O
on	O
a	O
canvas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
has	O
been	O
occasionally	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
game	O
engines	O
in	O
Flutter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
