<s>
A	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
or	O
rollable	B-Application
display	I-Application
is	O
an	O
electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
display	I-Device
which	O
is	O
flexible	O
in	O
nature	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
flat	B-General_Concept
screen	I-General_Concept
displays	I-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
most	O
electronic	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
growing	O
interest	O
from	O
numerous	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
manufacturers	O
to	O
apply	O
this	O
display	B-Device
technology	I-Device
in	O
e-readers	O
,	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
other	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
screens	O
can	O
be	O
rolled	O
up	O
like	O
a	O
scroll	B-Operating_System
without	O
the	O
image	O
or	O
text	O
being	O
distorted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technologies	O
involved	O
in	O
building	O
a	O
rollable	B-Application
display	I-Application
include	O
electronic	O
ink	O
,	O
Gyricon	O
,	O
Organic	B-Device
LCD	I-Device
,	O
and	O
OLED	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
CES	O
2006	O
,	O
Philips	O
showed	O
a	O
rollable	B-Application
display	I-Application
prototype	B-Application
,	O
with	O
a	O
screen	O
capable	O
of	O
retaining	O
an	O
image	O
for	O
several	O
months	O
without	O
electricity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Philips	O
launched	O
a	O
5-inch	O
,	O
320x240-pixel	O
rollable	B-Application
display	I-Application
based	O
on	O
E	O
Ink	O
’s	O
electrophoretic	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
flexible	B-Algorithm
organic	I-Algorithm
light-emitting	I-Algorithm
diode	I-Algorithm
displays	O
have	O
been	O
demonstrated.The	O
first	O
commercially	O
sold	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
was	O
an	O
electronic	O
paper	O
wristwatch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
rollable	B-Application
display	I-Application
is	O
an	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
roll-away	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
flat	B-General_Concept
panel	I-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
having	O
already	O
been	O
widely	O
used	O
more	O
than	O
40	O
years	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
many	O
desired	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
display	B-Device
technology	I-Device
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
developing	O
a	O
lighter	O
,	O
thinner	O
product	O
that	O
was	O
easier	O
to	O
carry	O
and	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
rollable	B-Application
displays	I-Application
in	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
scientists	O
and	O
engineers	O
agree	O
that	O
flexible	O
flat	B-General_Concept
panel	I-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
technology	O
has	O
huge	O
market	O
potential	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rollable	B-Application
displays	I-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
places	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Laptops	B-Device
and	O
PDAs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
permanently	O
conformed	O
display	B-Device
that	O
securely	O
fits	O
around	O
the	O
wrists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
odd-shaped	O
display	B-Device
integrated	O
in	O
a	O
steering	O
wheel	O
or	O
automobile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flexible	O
electronic	O
paper	O
(	O
e-paper	O
)	O
based	O
displays	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
conceptualized	O
and	O
prototyped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
this	O
form	O
of	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
has	O
a	O
long	O
history	O
and	O
were	O
attempted	O
by	O
many	O
companies	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
recently	O
that	O
this	O
technology	O
began	O
to	O
see	O
commercial	O
implementations	O
slated	O
for	O
mass	O
production	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
consumer	O
electronic	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
developing	O
a	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
was	O
first	O
put	O
forth	O
by	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
(	O
Palo	O
Alto	O
Research	O
Company	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1974	O
,	O
Nicholas	O
K	O
.	O
Sheridon	O
,	O
a	O
PARC	O
employee	O
,	O
made	O
a	O
major	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
technology	O
and	O
produced	O
the	O
first	O
flexible	O
e-paper	O
display	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dubbed	O
Gyricon	O
,	O
this	O
new	O
display	B-Device
technology	I-Device
was	O
designed	O
to	O
mimic	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
paper	O
,	O
but	O
married	O
with	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
display	B-Device
dynamic	O
digital	B-Algorithm
images	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
Arizona	O
State	O
University	O
opened	O
a	O
250,000	O
square	O
foot	O
facility	O
dedicated	O
to	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
research	O
named	O
the	O
ASU	O
Flexible	B-Application
Display	I-Application
Center	O
(	O
FDC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
planned	O
prototype	B-Application
device	B-Algorithm
was	O
slated	O
for	O
public	O
demonstration	O
later	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2008	O
,	O
ASU	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
Hewlett	O
Packard	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
prototype	B-Application
flexible	O
e-paper	O
from	O
the	O
Flexible	B-Application
Display	I-Application
Center	O
at	O
the	O
university	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
limitations	O
in	O
technology	O
,	O
HP	O
stated	O
"	O
[	O
our	O
company ]	O
does	O
n't	O
actually	O
see	O
these	O
panels	O
being	O
used	O
in	O
truly	O
flexible	O
or	O
rollable	B-Application
displays	I-Application
,	O
but	O
instead	O
sees	O
them	O
being	O
used	O
to	O
simply	O
make	O
displays	O
thinner	O
and	O
lighter.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
2004	O
–	O
2008	O
,	O
ASU	O
developed	O
its	O
first	O
small-scale	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
2008	O
–	O
2012	O
,	O
ARL	O
committed	O
to	O
further	O
sponsorship	O
of	O
ASU	O
’s	O
Flexible	B-Application
Display	I-Application
Center	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
an	O
additional	O
$50	O
million	O
in	O
research	O
funding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Army	O
funds	O
ASU	O
’s	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
,	O
the	O
center	O
’s	O
focus	O
is	O
on	O
commercial	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
company	O
develops	O
and	O
manufactures	O
monochrome	O
plastic	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
in	O
various	O
sizes	O
based	O
on	O
its	O
proprietary	O
organic	O
thin	O
film	O
transistor	O
(	O
OTFT	B-Algorithm
)	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
are	O
cited	O
as	O
being	O
"	O
unbreakable	O
"	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
made	O
completely	O
of	O
plastic	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
contain	O
glass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
of	O
this	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
technology	O
include	O
signage	O
,	O
wristwatches	O
and	O
wearable	O
devices	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
automotive	O
and	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
a	O
team	O
led	O
by	O
Prof	O
.	O
Roel	O
Vertegaal	O
at	O
Queen	O
's	O
University	O
's	O
in	O
Canada	O
developed	O
PaperWindows	B-Device
,	O
the	O
first	O
prototype	B-Application
bendable	O
paper	O
computer	O
and	O
first	O
Organic	B-Device
User	I-Device
Interface	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
full-colour	O
,	O
US	O
Letter-sized	O
displays	O
were	O
not	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
PaperWindows	B-Device
deployed	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
active	O
projection	O
mapping	O
of	O
computer	O
windows	O
on	O
real	O
paper	O
documents	O
that	O
worked	O
together	O
as	O
one	O
computer	O
through	O
3D	O
tracking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
a	O
lecture	O
to	O
the	O
Gyricon	O
and	O
Human-Computer	O
Interaction	O
teams	O
at	O
Xerox	O
PARC	O
on	O
4	O
May	O
2007	O
,	O
Prof	O
.	O
Vertegaal	O
publicly	O
introduced	O
the	O
term	O
Organic	B-Device
User	I-Device
Interface	I-Device
(	O
OUI	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
describing	O
the	O
implications	O
of	O
non-flat	O
display	B-Device
technologies	I-Device
on	O
user	O
interfaces	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
:	O
paper	O
computers	O
,	O
flexible	O
form	O
factors	O
for	O
computing	O
devices	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
encompassing	O
rigid	O
display	B-Device
objects	O
of	O
any	O
shape	O
,	O
with	O
wrap-around	O
,	O
skin-like	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Human	B-Device
Media	I-Device
Lab	I-Device
partnered	O
with	O
ASU	O
's	O
Flexible	B-Application
Display	I-Application
Center	O
to	O
produce	O
PaperPhone	B-Device
,	O
the	O
first	O
flexible	B-Application
smartphone	I-Application
with	O
a	O
flexible	O
electrophoretic	O
display	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
PaperPhone	B-Device
used	O
bend	O
gestures	O
for	O
navigating	O
contents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
Human	B-Device
Media	I-Device
Lab	I-Device
has	O
partnered	O
with	O
Plastic	B-Device
Logic	I-Device
and	O
Intel	O
to	O
introduce	O
the	O
first	O
flexible	O
tablet	O
PC	O
and	O
multi-display	O
e-paper	O
computer	O
,	O
PaperTab	B-Device
,	O
at	O
CES	O
2013	O
,	O
debuting	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
actuated	O
flexible	B-Application
smartphone	I-Application
prototype	B-Application
,	O
MorePhone	O
in	O
April	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Research	O
and	O
development	O
into	O
flexible	B-Algorithm
OLED	I-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
largely	O
began	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
2000s	O
with	O
the	O
main	O
intentions	O
of	O
implementing	O
this	O
technology	O
in	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
first	O
conceptualized	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
flexible	B-Algorithm
OLED	I-Algorithm
displays	I-Algorithm
in	O
mobile	O
phone	O
with	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Application
Morph	I-Application
concept	O
mobile	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
to	O
the	O
press	O
in	O
February	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
Morph	B-Application
concept	O
was	O
project	O
Nokia	O
had	O
co-developed	O
with	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Cambridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
Morph	B-Application
,	O
Nokia	O
intended	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
their	O
vision	O
of	O
future	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
to	O
incorporate	O
flexible	O
and	O
polymorphic	O
designs	O
;	O
allowing	O
the	O
device	B-Algorithm
to	O
seamlessly	O
change	O
and	O
match	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
needs	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
within	O
various	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
Morph	B-Application
was	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
nanotechnology	O
,	O
it	O
pioneered	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
utilizing	O
a	O
flexible	O
video	O
display	B-Device
in	O
a	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
device	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
renewed	O
their	O
interest	O
in	O
flexible	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
again	O
in	O
2011	O
with	O
the	O
Nokia	O
Kinetic	O
concept	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
unveiled	O
the	O
Kinetic	O
flexible	O
phone	O
prototype	B-Application
at	O
Nokia	O
World	O
2011	O
in	O
London	O
,	O
alongside	O
Nokia	O
’s	O
new	O
range	O
of	O
Windows	O
Phone	O
7	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Kinetic	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
large	O
departure	O
from	O
the	O
Morph	B-Application
physically	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
still	O
incorporated	O
Nokia	O
's	O
vision	O
of	O
polymorphism	O
in	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
Electronics	O
expressed	O
interest	O
for	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
towards	O
a	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
video	O
display	B-Device
since	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2010	O
Sony	O
showcased	O
a	O
rollable	O
TFT-driven	O
OLED	B-Device
display	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2010	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
Electronics	O
announced	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
prototype	B-Application
4.5	O
inch	O
flexible	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
prototype	B-Application
device	B-Algorithm
was	O
then	O
showcased	O
at	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Show	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2012	O
Samsung	B-Application
acquired	O
Liquavista	O
,	O
a	O
company	O
with	O
expertise	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
,	O
and	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
begin	O
mass	O
production	O
by	O
Q2	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2013	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
exposed	O
its	O
brand	O
new	O
,	O
unnamed	O
product	O
during	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
keynote	O
address	O
at	O
CES	O
in	O
Las	O
Vegas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brian	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
the	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Samsung	B-Application
's	O
display	B-Device
lab	O
in	O
San	O
Jose	O
,	O
California	O
had	O
announced	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
Samsung	B-Application
's	O
CES	O
2013	O
keynote	O
presentation	O
,	O
two	O
prototype	B-Application
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
codenamed	O
"	O
Youm	O
"	O
that	O
incorporated	O
the	O
flexible	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
technology	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Youm	O
"	O
has	O
curved	O
display	B-Device
screen	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
OLED	B-Device
screen	I-Device
giving	O
this	O
phone	O
deeper	O
blacks	O
and	O
a	O
higher	O
overall	O
contrast	O
ratio	O
with	O
better	O
power	O
efficiency	O
than	O
traditional	O
LCD	B-Device
displays	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
this	O
phone	O
has	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
a	O
rollable	B-Application
display	I-Application
;	O
it	O
is	O
lighter	O
,	O
thinner	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
durable	O
than	O
LCD	B-Device
displays	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
stated	O
that	O
"	O
Youm	O
"	O
panels	O
will	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
and	O
production	O
will	O
commence	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
subsequently	O
released	O
the	O
Galaxy	B-Application
Round	I-Application
,	O
a	O
smartphone	O
with	O
an	O
inward	O
curving	O
screen	O
and	O
body	O
,	O
in	O
October	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
Youm	O
concepts	O
,	O
which	O
featured	O
a	O
curved	O
screen	O
edge	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
secondary	O
area	O
for	O
notifications	O
and	O
shortcuts	O
,	O
was	O
developed	O
into	O
the	O
Galaxy	B-Application
Note	I-Application
Edge	I-Application
released	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
applied	O
the	O
technology	O
to	O
its	O
flagship	O
Galaxy	B-Application
S	I-Application
series	I-Application
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Galaxy	B-Application
S6	I-Application
Edge	I-Application
,	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
S6	O
model	O
with	O
a	O
screen	O
sloped	O
over	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
device	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
a	O
developer	O
conference	O
in	O
2018	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
showed	O
a	O
foldable	B-Application
smartphone	I-Application
prototype	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
subsequently	O
revealed	O
in	O
February	O
2019	O
as	O
the	O
Galaxy	B-Application
Fold	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flexible	B-Application
Display	I-Application
Center	O
(	O
FDC	O
)	O
at	O
Arizona	O
State	O
University	O
announced	O
a	O
continued	O
effort	O
in	O
forwarding	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
30	O
May	O
,	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
Army	O
Research	O
Lab	O
scientists	O
,	O
ASU	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
successfully	O
manufactured	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
flexible	B-Algorithm
OLED	I-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
using	O
thin-film	O
transistor	O
(	O
TFTs	O
)	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ASU	O
intends	O
the	O
display	B-Device
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
"	O
thin	O
,	O
lightweight	O
,	O
bendable	O
and	O
highly	O
rugged	O
devices.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
Chinese	O
manufacturer	O
Xiaomi	O
showed	O
a	O
foldable	B-Application
smartphone	I-Application
prototype	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
CEO	O
Lin	O
Bin	O
of	O
Xiaomi	O
demoed	O
the	O
device	B-Algorithm
in	O
a	O
video	O
on	O
the	O
Weibo	B-Protocol
social	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
device	B-Algorithm
features	O
a	O
large	O
foldable	O
display	B-Device
that	O
curves	O
180	O
degrees	O
inwards	O
on	O
two	O
sides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tablet	O
turns	O
into	O
a	O
smartphone	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
screen	O
diagonal	O
of	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
inch	O
,	O
adjusting	O
the	O
user	O
interface	B-Application
on	O
the	O
fly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
have	O
many	O
advantages	O
over	O
glass	O
:	O
better	O
durability	O
,	O
lighter	O
weight	O
,	O
thinner	O
as	O
plastic	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
perfectly	O
curved	O
and	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
difference	O
between	O
glass	O
and	O
rollable	B-Application
display	I-Application
is	O
that	O
the	O
display	B-Device
area	O
of	O
a	O
rollable	B-Application
display	I-Application
can	O
be	O
bigger	O
than	O
the	O
device	B-Algorithm
itself	O
;	O
If	O
a	O
flexible	O
device	B-Algorithm
measuring	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
5	O
inches	O
in	O
diagonal	O
and	O
a	O
roll	O
of	O
7.5mm	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
device	B-Algorithm
smaller	O
than	O
the	O
screen	O
itself	O
and	O
close	O
to	O
15mm	O
in	O
thickness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flexible	B-Application
screens	I-Application
can	O
open	O
the	O
doors	O
to	O
novel	O
and	O
alternative	O
authentication	O
schemes	O
by	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
user	O
and	O
the	O
touch	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
work	O
and	O
research	O
points	O
to	O
Bend	O
Passwords	O
possibly	O
becoming	O
a	O
new	O
way	O
to	O
keep	O
smartphones	O
secure	O
alongside	O
the	O
popularization	O
of	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
using	O
electronic	O
paper	O
technology	O
commonly	O
use	O
Electrophoretic	O
or	O
Electrowetting	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
flexible	O
electronic	O
paper	O
display	B-Device
technology	I-Device
co-developed	O
by	O
Arizona	O
State	O
University	O
and	O
HP	O
employs	O
a	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
developed	O
by	O
HP	O
Labs	O
called	O
Self-Aligned	O
Imprint	O
Lithography	O
(	O
SAIL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
limitation	O
of	O
the	O
material	O
the	O
screen	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
allows	O
only	O
a	O
finite	O
amount	O
of	O
full	O
rolls	O
,	O
hence	O
limiting	O
its	O
commercial	O
application	O
as	O
a	O
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifications	O
provided	O
regarding	O
the	O
prototype	B-Application
display	B-Device
are	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
flexible	O
electronic	O
paper	O
display	B-Device
announced	O
by	O
AUO	O
is	O
unique	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
solar	O
powered	O
variant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
e-paper	O
based	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
are	O
based	O
on	O
OLED	B-Device
technology	O
and	O
its	O
variants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
this	O
technology	O
is	O
relatively	O
new	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
e-paper	O
based	O
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
,	O
implementation	O
of	O
OLED	B-Device
flexible	B-Application
displays	I-Application
saw	O
considerable	O
growth	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
Human	B-Device
Media	I-Device
Lab	I-Device
at	O
Queen	O
's	O
University	O
in	O
Canada	O
introduced	O
PaperPhone	B-Device
,	O
the	O
first	O
flexible	B-Application
smartphone	I-Application
,	O
in	O
partnership	O
with	O
the	O
Arizona	O
State	O
University	O
Flexible	B-Application
Display	I-Application
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PaperPhone	B-Device
used	O
5	O
bend	O
sensors	O
to	O
implement	O
navigation	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
interface	B-Application
through	O
bend	O
gestures	O
of	O
corners	O
and	O
sides	O
of	O
the	O
display	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
Human	B-Device
Media	I-Device
Lab	I-Device
introduced	O
the	O
first	O
flexible	O
tablet	O
PC	O
,	O
PaperTab	B-Device
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Plastic	B-Device
Logic	I-Device
and	O
Intel	O
Labs	O
,	O
at	O
CES	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PaperTab	B-Device
is	O
a	O
multi-display	O
environment	O
in	O
which	O
each	O
display	B-Device
represents	O
a	O
window	O
,	O
app	O
or	O
computer	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Displays	O
are	O
tracked	O
in	O
3D	O
to	O
allow	O
multidisplay	O
operations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
collate	O
to	O
enlarge	O
the	O
display	B-Device
space	O
,	O
or	O
pointing	O
with	O
one	O
display	B-Device
onto	O
another	O
to	O
pull	O
open	O
a	O
document	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2013	O
in	O
Paris	O
,	O
the	O
Human	B-Device
Media	I-Device
Lab	I-Device
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Plastic	B-Device
Logic	I-Device
,	O
unveiled	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
actuated	O
flexible	B-Application
smartphone	I-Application
prototype	B-Application
,	O
MorePhone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
flexible	B-Algorithm
OLED	I-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
allows	O
users	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
phone	O
by	O
twisting	O
,	O
bending	O
,	O
squeezing	O
and	O
folding	O
in	O
different	O
manners	O
across	O
both	O
the	O
vertical	O
and	O
horizontal	O
planes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technology	O
journalist	O
website	O
Engadget	B-Application
described	O
interactions	O
such	O
as	O
"[when]	O
bend	O
the	O
screen	O
towards	O
yourself	O
,	O
[	O
the	O
device ]	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
selection	O
function	O
,	O
or	O
zooms	O
in	O
on	O
any	O
pictures	O
you	O
're	O
viewing.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
envisioned	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
device	B-Algorithm
to	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
consumers	O
in	O
"	O
as	O
little	O
as	O
three	O
years	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
claimed	O
to	O
already	O
possess	O
"	O
the	O
technology	O
to	O
produce	O
it.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
CES	O
2013	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
showcased	O
the	O
two	O
handsets	O
which	O
incorporates	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
flexible	B-Application
display	I-Application
technology	O
during	O
its	O
keynote	O
presentation	O
,	O
the	O
Youm	O
and	O
an	O
unnamed	O
Windows	O
Phone	O
8	O
prototype	B-Application
device	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Youm	O
possessed	O
a	O
static	O
implementation	O
of	O
flexible	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
technology	O
,	O
as	O
its	O
screen	O
has	O
a	O
set	O
curvature	O
along	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
edges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
benefit	O
of	O
the	O
curvature	O
allows	O
users	O
"	O
to	O
read	O
text	O
messages	O
,	O
stock	O
tickers	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
notifications	O
from	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
device	B-Algorithm
even	O
if	O
[	O
the	O
user ]	O
have	O
a	O
case	O
covering	O
the	O
screen.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
unnamed	O
Windows	O
Phone	O
8	O
prototype	B-Application
device	B-Algorithm
was	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
solid	O
base	O
from	O
that	O
extends	O
a	O
flexible	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AMOLED	B-Algorithm
display	I-Algorithm
itself	O
bends	O
and	O
was	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
virtually	O
unbreakable	O
even	O
when	O
dropped	O
"	O
according	O
to	O
Samsung	B-Application
representatives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brian	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
the	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
Samsung	B-Application
Display	B-Device
,	O
believes	O
that	O
this	O
flexible	O
form	O
factor	O
"	O
will	O
really	O
begin	O
to	O
change	O
how	O
people	O
interact	O
with	O
their	O
devices	O
,	O
opening	O
up	O
new	O
lifestyle	O
possibilities	O
...	O
 [ and ] 	O
allow	O
our	O
partners	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
whole	O
new	O
ecosystem	O
of	O
devices.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Youm	O
's	O
form	O
factor	O
was	O
ultimately	O
utilized	O
on	O
the	O
Galaxy	B-Application
Note	I-Application
Edge	I-Application
,	O
and	O
future	O
Samsung	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
S	I-Application
series	I-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ReFlex	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
flexible	B-Application
smartphone	I-Application
created	O
by	O
Queen	O
's	O
University	O
’s	O
Human	B-Device
Media	I-Device
Lab	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
LG	O
Electronics	O
and	O
Samsung	B-Application
Electronics	O
both	O
introduced	O
curved	O
OLED	B-Device
televisions	O
with	O
a	O
curved	O
display	B-Device
at	O
CES	O
2013	O
hours	O
apart	O
from	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
companies	O
recognized	O
their	O
respective	O
curved	O
OLED	B-Device
prototype	B-Application
television	O
as	O
a	O
first-of-its-kind	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
flexed	O
OLED	B-Device
display	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technology	O
journalist	O
website	O
The	O
Verge	O
noted	O
the	O
subtle	O
curve	O
on	O
55	O
"	O
Samsung	B-Application
OLED	B-Device
TV	I-Device
allowed	O
it	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
"	O
more	O
panoramic	O
,	O
more	O
immersive	O
viewing	O
experience	O
,	O
and	O
actually	O
improves	O
viewing	O
angles	O
from	O
the	O
side.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
experience	O
was	O
also	O
shared	O
viewing	O
the	O
curved	O
55	O
"	O
LG	O
OLED	B-Device
TV	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Model	O
Diagonal	O
(	O
in	O
)	O
Radius	O
of	O
curvature	O
(	O
mm	O
)	O
*	O
Samsung	B-Application
KN55S9C	O
54.6	O
4,500	O
겉과	O
속이	O
다른	O
삼성	O
curved	O
OLED	B-Device
TV	I-Device
.	O
</s>
