<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
is	O
a	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
,	O
a	O
wiki	B-Protocol
and	O
an	O
automated	B-Application
testing	I-Application
tool	I-Application
for	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
Ward	O
Cunningham	O
's	O
Framework	B-Protocol
for	I-Protocol
Integrated	I-Protocol
Test	I-Protocol
and	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
support	O
acceptance	O
testing	O
rather	O
than	O
unit	O
testing	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
facilitates	O
detailed	O
readable	O
description	O
of	O
system	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
allows	O
users	O
of	O
a	O
developed	O
system	O
to	O
enter	O
specially	O
formatted	O
input	O
(	O
its	O
format	O
is	O
accessible	O
to	O
non-programmers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
is	O
written	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
(	O
by	O
Micah	O
Martin	O
with	O
help	O
from	O
Robert	O
C	O
.	O
Martin	O
and	O
others	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
program	O
first	O
supported	O
only	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
but	O
versions	O
for	O
several	O
other	O
languages	O
have	O
been	O
added	O
over	O
time	O
(	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
Delphi	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
designed	O
as	O
a	O
highly	O
usable	O
interface	O
around	O
the	O
Fit	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
testing	O
is	O
based	O
around	O
the	O
notation	O
of	O
black-box	O
testing	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
system	O
under	O
test	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
black	O
box	O
and	O
is	O
tested	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
outputs	O
generated	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
predetermined	O
inputs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
functional	O
tester	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
designing	O
the	O
tests	O
in	O
a	O
functional	O
sense	O
and	O
expressing	O
them	O
within	O
the	O
FitNesse	B-Language
tool	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
software	O
developer	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
connecting	O
the	O
FitNesse	B-Language
tool	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
under	O
test	O
so	O
that	O
FitNesse	B-Language
can	O
execute	O
the	O
test	O
and	O
compare	O
the	O
actual	O
output	O
to	O
the	O
expected	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tests	O
are	O
described	O
in	O
Fitnesse	B-Language
as	O
couplings	O
of	O
inputs	O
and	O
expected	O
outputs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FitNesse	B-Language
tool	O
supports	O
several	O
of	O
these	O
variations	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
literal	O
decision	O
tables	O
to	O
tables	O
that	O
execute	O
queries	O
to	O
tables	O
that	O
express	O
testing	O
scripts	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
is	O
focused	O
entirely	O
on	O
easily	O
creating	O
tests	O
,	O
allowing	O
testers	O
and	O
developers	O
to	O
focus	O
on	O
creating	O
high-quality	O
tests	O
rather	O
than	O
getting	O
lost	O
in	O
the	O
mechanics	O
of	O
executing	O
a	O
test	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
the	O
way	O
FitNesse	B-Language
works	O
,	O
creating	O
tests	O
easily	O
involves	O
three	O
factors	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
meet	O
these	O
requirements	O
,	O
FitNesse	B-Language
leverages	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wikis	B-Protocol
classically	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
easy	O
and	O
rapid	O
creation	O
of	O
HTML	O
pages	O
and	O
particularly	O
simplify	O
the	O
expression	O
of	O
tables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
qualities	O
make	O
the	O
basic	O
WikiWiki	O
language	O
an	O
ideal	O
choice	O
for	O
a	O
"	O
user	O
interface	O
"	O
for	O
FitNesse	B-Language
:	O
on	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
it	O
allows	O
for	O
the	O
simple	O
expression	O
of	O
very	O
free-form	O
tables	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
it	O
limits	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
those	O
tables	O
to	O
rather	O
simple	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
since	O
each	O
test	O
in	O
FitNesse	B-Language
is	O
a	O
wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
embed	O
each	O
testing	O
table	O
within	O
wiki	B-Protocol
text	O
;	O
this	O
allows	O
a	O
functional	O
tester	O
to	O
include	O
descriptive	O
text	O
with	O
a	O
reasonable	O
layout	O
quickly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
is	O
a	O
tool	O
developed	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
shipped	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
executable	O
jar	B-Language
file	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
executable	O
includes	O
a	O
wiki	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
,	O
an	O
embedded	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
,	O
a	O
testing	O
engine	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
resources	O
(	O
images	O
,	O
stylesheets	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
)	O
required	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
web	O
site	O
in	O
FitNesse	B-Language
's	O
own	O
style	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
is	O
focused	O
very	O
much	O
on	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
as	O
a	O
testing	B-Application
tool	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
it	O
ships	O
with	O
all	O
required	O
components	O
on	O
board	O
:	O
upon	O
execution	O
the	O
tool	O
launches	O
an	O
embedded	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
which	O
allows	O
test	O
pages	O
to	O
be	O
exposed	O
locally	O
or	O
across	O
the	O
Internet	O
with	O
equal	O
ease	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
launch	O
the	O
tool	O
deploys	O
its	O
own	O
Wiki	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
into	O
its	O
embedded	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
Wiki	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
is	O
similarly	O
focused	O
on	O
simplicity	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
a	O
backing	O
database	O
to	O
run	O
it	O
simply	O
creates	O
a	O
file-based	O
collection	O
of	O
Wiki	B-Protocol
pages	O
which	O
are	O
interpreted	O
by	O
the	O
Wiki	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
and	O
served	O
by	O
the	O
embedded	O
web	B-Application
server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
wiki	B-Protocol
created	O
by	O
the	O
tool	O
includes	O
the	O
FitNesse	B-Language
user	O
guide	O
and	O
some	O
examples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
default	O
document	O
repository	O
is	O
created	O
complete	O
with	O
everything	O
needed	O
to	O
publish	O
a	O
default	O
wiki	B-Protocol
in	O
the	O
FitNesse	B-Language
style	O
(	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
images	O
,	O
stylesheets	O
,	O
JavaScript	O
files	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
are	O
created	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
basic	O
wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
repository	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
wiki	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
is	O
quite	O
basic	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
offer	O
all	O
the	O
basic	O
facilities	O
common	O
among	O
wiki	B-Protocol
engines	I-Protocol
:	O
a	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
,	O
revision	O
history	O
per	O
page	O
and	O
a	O
file	O
overview	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
offers	O
some	O
test-specific	O
facilities	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
standard	O
buttons	O
to	O
run	O
tests	O
,	O
ways	O
of	O
defining	O
individual	O
test	O
pages	O
and	O
suites	O
of	O
tests	O
and	O
a	O
historic	O
overview	O
of	O
test	O
results	O
for	O
trend	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
the	O
engine	O
offers	O
some	O
minor	O
security	O
facilities	O
for	O
locking	O
pages	O
and	O
securing	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Testing	O
within	O
the	O
FitNesse	B-Language
system	O
involves	O
four	O
components	O
per	O
test	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
which	O
expresses	O
the	O
test	O
as	O
a	O
decision	O
table	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
testing	O
engine	O
,	O
which	O
interprets	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
these	O
components	O
the	O
software	O
development	O
team	O
produces	O
two	O
:	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
and	O
the	O
fixture	O
(	O
of	O
course	O
it	O
also	O
produces	O
the	O
system	O
under	O
test	O
,	O
but	O
from	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
black-box	O
test	O
only	O
two	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
includes	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
decision	O
table	O
which	O
expresses	O
a	O
test	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
it	O
might	O
express	O
tests	O
for	O
a	O
component	O
that	O
performs	O
division	O
(	O
the	O
example	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
one	O
given	O
in	O
the	O
FitNesse	B-Language
Two	O
Minute	O
Example	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
link	O
between	O
the	O
generic	O
testing	O
engine	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
under	O
test	O
is	O
made	O
by	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
called	O
a	O
fixture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mapping	O
between	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
and	O
the	O
fixture	O
is	O
a	O
straightforward	O
convert-to-camel	O
case	O
mapping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
supports	O
two	O
of	O
these	O
engines	O
:	O
the	O
Fit	O
engine	O
and	O
the	O
SLIM	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
combines	O
functionality	O
to	O
invoke	O
tests	O
,	O
interpret	O
wiki	B-Protocol
pages	O
and	O
generate	O
output	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FitNesse	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
built	O
around	O
Fit	O
as	O
a	O
user	O
interface	O
,	O
which	O
inspired	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
inconvenient	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
as	O
it	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
framework	O
claims	O
a	O
developer	O
's	O
one	O
chance	O
at	O
class	O
inheritance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
considerations	O
have	O
prompted	O
the	O
FitNesse	B-Language
team	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
to	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
SLIM	O
testing	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
than	O
combining	O
all	O
the	O
elements	O
of	O
wiki-based	O
testing	O
,	O
the	O
SLIM	O
engine	O
concentrates	O
only	O
on	O
invoking	O
the	O
fixture	O
;	O
it	O
runs	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
server	O
which	O
is	O
invoked	O
remotely	O
by	O
the	O
FitNesse	B-Language
wiki	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
page	O
and	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
the	O
result	O
page	O
is	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
wiki	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
