<s>
The	O
fediverse	B-Application
(	O
a	O
portmanteau	O
of	O
"	O
federation	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
universe	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
ensemble	O
of	O
federated	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
social	O
networking	O
,	O
microblogging	B-Application
,	O
blogging	O
,	O
or	O
websites	O
)	O
and	O
file	O
hosting	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
while	O
independently	O
hosted	O
,	O
can	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
identities	O
on	O
the	O
fediverse	B-Application
,	O
users	O
can	O
post	O
text	O
and	O
other	O
media	O
,	O
or	O
follow	O
posts	O
by	O
other	O
identities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
users	O
can	O
show	O
or	O
share	B-Application
data	I-Application
(	O
video	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
text	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
files	O
)	O
publicly	O
or	O
to	O
a	O
selected	O
group	O
of	O
identities	O
,	O
and	O
allow	O
other	O
identities	O
to	O
edit	O
other	O
users	O
 '	O
data	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
calendar	O
or	O
an	O
address	O
book	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
central	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
fediverse	B-Application
is	O
decentralization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Evan	O
Prodromou	O
founded	O
the	O
social	O
network	O
identi.ca	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
published	O
the	O
software	O
GNU	B-Protocol
social	I-Protocol
under	O
a	O
free	B-License
license	I-License
(	O
GNU	B-Application
Affero	I-Application
General	I-Application
Public	I-Application
License	I-Application
,	O
AGPL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
defined	O
the	O
OStatus	B-Application
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
server	O
,	O
identi.ca,	O
there	O
were	O
few	O
other	O
instances	O
,	O
run	O
by	O
people	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
–	O
12	O
identi.ca	B-Protocol
switched	O
to	O
another	O
software	O
called	O
pump.io	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
new	O
GNU	B-Protocol
social	I-Protocol
instances	O
were	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
as	O
GNU	B-Protocol
social	I-Protocol
,	O
other	O
projects	O
like	O
Friendica	B-Application
,	O
Hubzilla	O
,	O
Mastodon	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Pleroma	O
integrated	O
the	O
OStatus	B-Application
protocol	O
,	O
thus	O
extending	O
the	O
fediverse	B-Application
(	O
though	O
Mastodon	B-Application
and	O
Pleroma	O
have	O
since	O
dropped	O
OStatus	B-Application
in	O
favor	O
of	O
ActivityPub	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
W3C	O
presented	O
the	O
ActivityPub	B-Operating_System
protocol	O
,	O
aiming	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
interoperability	O
between	O
different	O
software	O
packages	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
network	O
of	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
this	O
protocol	O
was	O
supported	O
by	O
thirteen	O
software	O
packages	O
(	O
see	O
table	O
below	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
dominant	O
protocol	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Fediverse	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
communication	O
protocols	O
,	O
which	O
implement	O
open	O
standards	O
,	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
fediverse	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
packages	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
fediverse	B-Application
are	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
them	O
vaguely	O
resemble	O
Twitter	B-Application
in	O
style	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Mastodon	B-Application
,	O
Misskey	O
,	O
GNU	B-Protocol
social	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Pleroma	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
similar	O
in	O
their	O
microblogging	B-Application
function	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
others	O
include	O
more	O
communication	O
and	O
transaction	O
options	O
that	O
are	O
instead	O
comparable	O
to	O
Google+	B-Application
or	O
Facebook	B-Application
(	O
such	O
as	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
with	O
Friendica	B-Application
and	O
Hubzilla	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
software	O
packages	O
span	O
the	O
fediverse	B-Application
by	O
using	O
the	O
listed	O
communication	O
protocols	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
Name	O
TypeActivityPubDiasporaNetworkOStatusZotZot/6	O
Aardwolf-Social	O
Social	O
network	O
AkkomaMicroblogging	O
Rebased	O
(	O
Soapbox-BE	O
)	O
Microblogging	B-Application
Anfora	O
Image	O
hosting	O
BookWyrm	O
Book	O
cataloguing	O
Calckey	O
Social	O
network	O
,	O
Microblogging	B-Application
Castopod	O
Podcasting	B-Operating_System
diaspora*	O
(	O
software	O
)	O
Social	O
network	O
,	O
Microblogging	B-Application
distbin	O
Pastebin	O
Drupal	B-Application
Blogging	O
,	O
CMS	B-Protocol
,	O
Image	O
gallery	O
,	O
File	O
hosting	O
,	O
Microblogging	B-Application
,	O
Social	O
network	O
,	O
Website	O
Epicyon	O
Social	O
network	O
,	O
Microblogging	B-Application
Friendica( f	O
.	O
Friendika	B-Application
;	O
orig	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mistpark	O
)	O
Social	O
network	O
,	O
Macroblogging	O
,	O
Blogging	O
,	O
Image	O
gallery	O
,	O
Event	O
Planner	O
,	O
Groups	O
Funkwhale	O
Audio	O
,	O
sound	O
hosting	O
Gancio	O
Event	O
aggregator	O
GNU	B-Application
MediaGoblin	I-Application
file	O
,	O
image	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
video	O
hosting	O
GNU	O
social( f	O
.	O
StatusNet	B-Protocol
;	O
orig	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Laconica	B-Protocol
)	O
Macroblogging	O
GoToSocial	O
Social	O
network	O
,	O
Microblogging	B-Application
Guppe	O
Groups	O
Honk	O
Social	O
network	O
Hubzilla( f	O
.	O
RedMatrix	O
;	O
orig	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
developers	O
publish	O
live	O
statistics	O
about	O
the	O
fediverse	B-Application
on	O
monitoring	O
sites	O
like	O
the-federation.info	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
these	O
sites	O
include	O
data	O
from	O
any	O
federated	O
software	O
that	O
publishes	O
it	O
using	O
NodeInfo	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
fediverse	B-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
