<s>
Federated	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
(	O
FA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
pattern	O
in	O
enterprise	O
architecture	O
that	O
allows	O
interoperability	O
and	O
information	O
sharing	O
between	O
semi-autonomous	O
de-centrally	O
organized	O
lines	O
of	O
business	O
(	O
LOBs	O
)	O
,	O
information	B-General_Concept
technology	I-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
and	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Federated	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
is	O
expected	O
to	O
deliver	O
high	O
flexibility	O
and	O
agility	O
among	O
independently	O
cooperating	O
components	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
reduces	O
complexity	O
significantly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
federated	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
is	O
an	O
architecture	O
vision	O
to	O
foster	O
managed	O
independence	O
among	O
loosely	O
coupled	O
cooperating	O
components	O
sharing	O
a	O
common	O
aim	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FA	O
pattern	O
with	O
its	O
emphasis	O
on	O
autonomy	O
by	O
sharing	O
of	O
a	O
model	O
is	O
forced	O
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
constitution	O
,	O
a	O
federated	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
foundation	O
(	O
FAF	O
)	O
,	O
something	O
like	O
The	O
Ten	O
Commandments	O
,	O
common	O
concepts	O
,	O
principles	O
and	O
even	O
a	O
common	O
technical	O
architecture	O
:	O
"	O
a	O
corpus	O
juris	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
global	O
authority	O
,	O
the	O
federated	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
has	O
to	O
resolve	O
two	O
conflicting	O
requirements	O
:	O
the	O
components	O
must	O
maintain	O
as	O
much	O
autonomy	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
components	O
must	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
reasonable	O
degree	O
of	O
information	O
sharing	O
"	O
(	O
Heimbiger	O
,	O
1985	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
reason	O
federated	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
strongly	O
demands	O
for	O
governance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
federated	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
pattern	O
was	O
first	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
US	O
Federal	O
CIO	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
and	O
was	O
since	O
then	O
adopted	O
by	O
other	O
large	O
organization	O
like	O
banks	O
,	O
IT	O
architecture	O
organizations	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Federated	B-Library
Architectures	I-Library
define	O
common	O
or	O
shared	O
architecture	O
standards	O
across	O
autonomous	O
program	O
areas	O
,	O
enabling	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
state	O
government	O
entities	O
to	O
maintain	O
diversity	O
and	O
uniqueness	O
,	O
while	O
providing	O
interoperability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Platform	B-Operating_System
independence	I-Operating_System
(	O
PI	O
)	O
means	O
that	O
system	O
and	O
application	O
platforms	O
can	O
be	O
mixed	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
computer	O
languages	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
interpret	O
the	O
model	O
and	O
produce	O
the	O
expected	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Federated	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
as	O
database	O
architecture	O
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
by	O
Denis	O
Heimbigner	O
1982	O
and	O
1985	O
with	O
the	O
title	O
:	O
A	O
Federated	B-Library
Architecture	I-Library
for	O
Information	O
Management	O
:	O
"	O
This	O
federated	O
database	O
architecture	O
allows	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
database	O
systems	O
(	O
components	O
)	O
to	O
unite	O
into	O
a	O
loosely	O
coupled	O
federation	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
share	O
and	O
exchange	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
