<s>
To	O
fast-forward	B-Application
is	O
to	O
move	O
forwards	O
through	O
a	O
recording	O
at	O
a	O
speed	O
faster	O
than	O
that	O
at	O
which	O
it	O
would	O
usually	O
be	O
played	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
two	O
times	O
or	O
two	O
point	O
five	O
times	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
reach	O
a	O
certain	O
portion	O
of	O
a	O
song	O
,	O
a	O
person	O
may	O
fast-forward	B-Application
through	O
a	O
cassette	B-Device
tape	I-Device
by	O
pressing	O
a	O
button	O
(	O
often	O
labeled	O
"	O
Fast	B-Application
Forward	I-Application
"	O
itself	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
tape	O
deck	O
containing	O
the	O
tape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tape	O
deck	O
's	O
motor	O
activates	O
at	O
a	O
speed	O
higher	O
than	O
usual	O
—	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
double	O
the	O
standard	O
1-7/8	O
ips	O
playing	O
speed	O
of	O
the	O
1/8	O
"	O
cassette	B-Device
tape	I-Device
—	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
stopped	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
tape	O
,	O
the	O
pressing	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
Stop	O
"	O
button	O
on	O
the	O
deck	O
(	O
or	O
another	O
button	O
mechanism	O
disengaging	O
the	O
button	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
simply	O
lifting	O
a	O
finger	O
from	O
the	O
"	O
Fast	B-Application
Forward	I-Application
"	O
button	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fast-forwarding	B-Application
is	O
the	O
exact	O
opposite	O
of	O
rewinding	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
tape	O
,	O
music	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
are	O
moved	O
backward	O
at	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
discretion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
inexpensive	O
digital	O
music	O
media	O
,	O
fast-forwarding	B-Application
has	O
most	O
likely	O
lost	O
its	O
past	O
meaning	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
a	O
tape	O
deck	O
motor	O
(	O
or	O
record	O
turntable	O
,	O
or	O
another	O
device	O
allowing	O
fast-forwarding	B-Application
)	O
and	O
now	O
may	O
,	O
especially	O
as	O
cassette	B-Device
tapes	I-Device
and	O
other	O
analogue	O
media	O
are	O
used	O
less	O
and	O
less	O
by	O
younger	O
generations	O
,	O
only	O
apply	O
to	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
moving	O
ahead	O
in	O
a	O
recording	O
's	O
time	O
frame	O
—	O
accomplished	O
today	O
by	O
simple	O
clicking	O
,	O
dragging	O
a	O
slide	O
image	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
via	O
speech-recognition	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Still	O
,	O
some	O
CD	O
and	O
DVD	O
players	O
offer	O
tape-style	O
fast-forwarding	B-Application
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
detect	O
when	O
the	O
destination	O
is	O
reached	O
and	O
stop	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Analogue	O
VCRs	O
provided	O
fast-forward	B-Application
by	O
simply	O
playing	O
the	O
tape	O
faster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
digital	O
video	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
DVR	B-Application
and	O
Video	B-Application
on	I-Application
Demand	I-Application
systems	O
use	O
'	O
trick	O
mode	O
 '	O
to	O
present	O
an	O
apparently	O
faster	O
stream	O
by	O
only	O
displaying	O
selected	O
frames	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
analogue	O
video	B-Application
streams	I-Application
in	O
which	O
only	O
serial	O
access	O
is	O
possible	O
,	O
digital	O
video	O
allows	O
for	O
random	B-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
to	O
the	O
media	O
,	O
which	O
raises	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
alternative	O
fast	B-Application
forwarding	I-Application
algorithms	O
and	O
visualizations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
video	B-Application
streaming	I-Application
formats	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
H.264	B-Application
,	O
fast	B-Application
forward	I-Application
algorithms	O
use	O
the	O
I-frames	B-General_Concept
to	O
sample	O
the	O
video	O
at	O
faster	O
than	O
normal	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
streaming	B-Application
videos	I-Application
,	O
fast-forward	B-Application
represents	O
a	O
useful	O
search	O
or	O
browsing	O
mechanism	O
,	O
but	O
introduces	O
extra	O
network	O
overhead	O
when	O
non-I-frames	O
are	O
transmitted	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
viewed	O
I-frames	B-General_Concept
and	O
extra	O
computational	O
complexity	O
in	O
the	O
video	B-Algorithm
transcoder	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finding	O
more	O
network	O
bandwidth-conserving	O
and	O
computationally	O
efficient	O
algorithms	O
for	O
accommodating	O
both	O
fast-forward	B-Application
and	O
normal	O
speed	O
viewing	O
is	O
an	O
active	O
area	O
of	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
fast-forwarding	B-Application
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
search	O
mechanism	O
(	O
sometimes	O
called	O
a	O
fast-forward	B-Application
video	O
surrogate	O
)	O
in	O
video	O
libraries	O
,	O
the	O
question	O
arises	O
as	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
perceptually	O
the	O
best	O
fast-forward	B-Application
strategy	O
for	O
effective	O
browsing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
trade-off	O
is	O
between	O
the	O
fast-forward	B-Application
speed	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fast-forwarding	B-Application
videotapes	O
and	O
similar	O
is	O
familiar	O
enough	O
for	O
metaphorical	O
uses	O
to	O
develop	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Fast-forward	B-Application
to	O
when	O
the	O
fight	O
started.	O
"	O
</s>
