<s>
The	O
Fast	B-Protocol
Local	I-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
FLIP	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
communication	O
protocol	O
for	O
LAN	O
and	O
WAN	O
,	O
conceived	O
for	O
distributed	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLIP	B-Protocol
was	O
designed	O
at	O
the	O
Vrije	O
Universiteit	O
Amsterdam	O
to	O
support	O
remote	O
procedure	O
call	O
(	O
RPC	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Amoeba	B-Operating_System
distributed	I-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
OSI	O
model	O
,	O
FLIP	B-Protocol
occupies	O
the	O
network	O
layer	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
,	O
thus	O
replacing	O
IP	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
obviates	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
transport	O
layer	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
protocol	O
like	O
TCP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Layers	O
of	O
functionality	O
in	O
OSI	O
,	O
TCP/IP	O
,	O
and	O
FLIP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLIP	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
connectionless	O
protocol	O
designed	O
to	O
support	O
transparency	O
(	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
network	O
layers	O
of	O
the	O
OSI	O
model	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
data	O
link	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
physical	O
)	O
,	O
efficient	O
RPC	O
,	O
group	O
communication	O
,	O
secure	O
communication	O
and	O
easy	O
network	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
FLIP	B-Protocol
properties	O
helps	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
distributed	O
computing	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
FLIP	B-Protocol
identifies	O
entities	O
with	O
a	O
location-independent	O
64-bit	O
identifier	O
called	O
Network	O
Service	O
Access	O
Points	O
(	O
NSAPs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
entity	O
can	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
be	O
a	O
process	O
;	O
contrary	O
to	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
where	O
an	O
IP	B-Protocol
address	I-Protocol
identify	O
a	O
host	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLIP	B-Protocol
uses	O
a	O
one	O
way	O
mapping	O
between	O
the	O
“	O
private	O
”	O
address	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
register	O
an	O
endpoint	O
of	O
a	O
network	O
connection	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
“	O
public	O
”	O
address	O
used	O
to	O
advertise	O
the	O
endpoint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLIP	B-Protocol
routes	O
messages	O
based	O
on	O
NSAP	O
(	O
transparency	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLIP	B-Protocol
discovers	O
routes	O
on	O
demand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FLIP	B-Protocol
uses	O
a	O
bit	O
in	O
the	O
message	O
header	O
to	O
request	O
transmission	O
of	O
sensitive	O
messages	O
across	O
trusted	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
