<s>
Fake	B-Application
nude	I-Application
photography	I-Application
refers	O
to	O
nude	O
photographs	O
created	O
to	O
appear	O
as	O
actual	O
nudes	O
of	O
an	O
individual	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fakes	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
using	O
image	B-Application
editing	I-Application
software	I-Application
or	O
through	O
machine	O
learning	O
(	O
fake	O
pornographic	O
images	O
created	O
this	O
way	O
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
deepfakes	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1990s	O
and	O
2000s	O
,	O
fake	O
nude	O
images	O
of	O
celebrities	O
proliferated	O
on	O
Usenet	B-Application
and	O
other	O
websites	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
campaigns	O
to	O
take	O
legal	O
action	O
against	O
the	O
creators	O
of	O
the	O
images	O
and	O
websites	O
dedicated	O
to	O
determining	O
the	O
veracity	O
of	O
nude	O
photos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Deepfakes	B-Application
"	O
,	O
which	O
use	O
artificial	B-Architecture
neural	I-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
to	O
superimpose	O
a	O
person	O
's	O
face	O
into	O
a	O
pornographic	O
image	O
or	O
video	O
,	O
were	O
popularized	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
2010s	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
technology	O
's	O
use	O
in	O
fake	O
news	O
and	O
revenge	O
porn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
when	O
Liu	O
Yifei	O
's	O
fake	B-Application
nude	I-Application
photography	I-Application
released	O
on	O
the	O
network	O
,	O
Liu	O
Yifei	O
Red	O
Star	O
Land	O
Company	O
declared	O
a	O
legal	O
search	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
who	O
created	O
and	O
released	O
the	O
photos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fake	O
nude	O
images	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
using	O
image	B-Application
editing	I-Application
software	I-Application
or	O
neural	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
applications	O
.	O
</s>
