<s>
FREAK	B-Protocol
(	O
"	O
Factoring	B-Protocol
RSA	I-Protocol
Export	I-Protocol
Keys	I-Protocol
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
security	O
exploit	O
of	O
a	O
cryptographic	O
weakness	O
in	O
the	O
SSL/TLS	B-Protocol
protocols	O
introduced	O
decades	O
earlier	O
for	O
compliance	O
with	O
U.S.	O
cryptography	O
export	O
regulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
involved	O
limiting	O
exportable	O
software	O
to	O
use	O
only	O
public	B-Application
key	I-Application
pairs	I-Application
with	O
RSA	B-Architecture
moduli	O
of	O
512	O
bits	O
or	O
less	O
(	O
so-called	O
RSA_EXPORT	O
keys	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
intention	O
of	O
allowing	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
broken	O
easily	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Security	O
Agency	O
(	O
NSA	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
other	O
organizations	O
with	O
lesser	O
computing	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
early	O
2010s	O
,	O
increases	O
in	O
computing	O
power	O
meant	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
broken	O
by	O
anyone	O
with	O
access	O
to	O
relatively	O
modest	O
computing	O
resources	O
using	O
the	O
well-known	O
Number	B-Algorithm
Field	I-Algorithm
Sieve	I-Algorithm
algorithm	O
,	O
using	O
as	O
little	O
as	O
$100	O
of	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FREAK	B-Protocol
attack	I-Protocol
in	O
OpenSSL	B-Language
has	O
the	O
identifier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vulnerable	O
software	O
and	O
devices	O
included	O
Apple	B-Application
's	I-Application
Safari	I-Application
web	O
browser	O
,	O
the	O
default	O
browser	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
operating	O
system	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
and	O
OpenSSL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
has	O
also	O
stated	O
that	O
its	O
Schannel	B-Protocol
implementation	O
of	O
transport-layer	O
encryption	O
is	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
FREAK	B-Protocol
attack	I-Protocol
in	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CVE	O
ID	O
for	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
Schannel	B-Protocol
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
9	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
security	O
updates	O
for	O
both	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
and	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
operating	O
systems	O
which	O
fixed	O
this	O
flaw	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
41	O
and	O
Opera	B-Application
28	O
has	O
also	O
mitigated	O
against	O
this	O
flaw	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
is	O
not	O
vulnerable	O
against	O
this	O
flaw	O
.	O
</s>
