<s>
Flat	B-Protocol
Panel	I-Protocol
Display	I-Protocol
Link	I-Protocol
,	O
more	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
,	O
is	O
the	O
original	O
high-speed	O
digital	B-Protocol
video	I-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
created	O
in	O
1996	O
by	O
National	O
Semiconductor	O
(	O
now	O
within	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
and	O
open	O
standard	O
for	O
connecting	O
the	O
output	O
from	O
a	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
unit	I-Architecture
in	O
a	O
laptop	B-Device
,	O
tablet	B-Device
computer	I-Device
,	O
flat	B-General_Concept
panel	I-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
LCD	B-Device
television	O
to	O
the	O
display	O
panel	O
's	O
timing	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
laptops	B-Device
,	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
flat-panel	B-General_Concept
monitors	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
TVs	O
used	O
the	O
interface	O
internally	O
through	O
2010	O
,	O
when	O
industry	O
leaders	O
AMD	O
,	O
Dell	O
,	O
Intel	O
,	O
Lenovo	O
,	O
LG	O
,	O
and	O
Samsung	B-Application
together	O
announced	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
phasing	O
out	O
this	O
interface	O
by	O
2013	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
embedded	O
DisplayPort	O
(	O
eDP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
was	O
the	O
first	O
large-scale	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
low-voltage	B-Architecture
differential	I-Architecture
signaling	I-Architecture
(	O
LVDS	B-Architecture
)	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
National	O
Semiconductor	O
immediately	O
provided	O
interoperability	O
specifications	O
for	O
the	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
technology	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
promote	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
and	O
open	O
standard	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
other	O
IC	O
suppliers	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
copy	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FlatLink	O
by	O
TI	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
interoperable	O
version	O
of	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
twentieth	O
century	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
notebook	B-Device
computer	I-Device
manufacturers	O
created	O
the	O
Standard	O
Panels	O
Working	O
Group	O
(	O
SPWG	O
)	O
and	O
made	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
/	O
FlatLink	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
transferring	O
graphics	O
and	O
video	O
through	O
the	O
notebook	B-Device
's	O
hinge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
automotive	O
applications	O
,	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
navigation	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
in-car	O
entertainment	O
,	O
and	O
backup	O
cameras	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
Advanced	O
driver-assistance	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
satisfy	O
these	O
stringent	O
reliability	O
requirements	O
,	O
the	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
II	O
and	O
III	O
chipsets	O
meet	O
or	O
exceed	O
the	O
AEC-Q100	O
automotive	O
reliability	O
standard	O
for	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ISO	O
10605	O
standard	O
for	O
automotive	O
ESD	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
display	O
interface	O
based	O
on	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
is	O
OpenLDI	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
OpenLDI	B-Protocol
version	O
of	O
DC	O
balance	O
coding	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
serialized	O
bits	O
indicates	O
whether	O
the	O
coding	O
scheme	O
needs	O
to	O
invert	O
the	O
other	O
six	O
bits	O
transmitted	O
in	O
the	O
clock	O
period	O
to	O
maintain	O
DC	O
balance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
each	O
LVDS	B-Architecture
pair	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
clock	O
pair	O
effectively	O
transmits	O
six	O
bits	O
per	O
clock	O
cycle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
OpenLDI	B-Protocol
lost	O
the	O
video-transfer	O
standards	O
competition	O
to	O
Digital	B-Protocol
Visual	I-Protocol
Interface	I-Protocol
(	O
DVI	B-Protocol
)	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
twenty-first	O
century	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
result	O
was	O
stand-alone	O
LCD	B-Device
panels	I-Device
using	O
DVI	B-Protocol
to	O
receive	O
video	O
from	O
a	O
desktop	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
II	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2006	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
improved	O
version	O
of	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
II	O
embeds	O
the	O
clock	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
signal	O
and	O
therefore	O
uses	O
only	O
one	O
differential	O
pair	O
to	O
transmit	O
both	O
the	O
clock	O
and	O
video	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
24-bit	O
color	O
application	O
now	O
uses	O
only	O
one	O
twisted	O
pair	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
twisted	O
pairs	O
used	O
by	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
additional	O
benefits	O
from	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
II	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
benefit	O
for	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
II	O
comes	O
from	O
adding	O
DC	O
balance	O
to	O
the	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
III	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
improving	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
II	O
,	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
III	O
's	O
major	O
feature	O
is	O
embedding	O
a	O
bidirectional	O
communication	O
channel	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
differential	O
pair	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
III	O
even	O
further	O
reduces	O
cable	O
cost	O
by	O
eliminating	O
cables	O
for	O
control	O
channels	O
such	O
as	O
I2C	O
and	O
CAN	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
III	O
's	O
embedded	O
control	O
channel	O
uses	O
the	O
I2C	O
bus	O
protocol	O
between	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
destination	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
implementations	O
(	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
I2C	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
I2C	O
master	O
can	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
slaves	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
III	O
chipset	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
effectively	O
transparent	O
to	O
the	O
I2C	O
master	O
and	O
slaves	O
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Digital	O
Content	O
Protection	O
LLC	O
approved	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
III	O
in	O
2009	O
as	O
a	O
high-bandwidth	O
interface	O
for	O
carrying	O
content	O
whose	O
owner	O
wants	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
approval	O
enables	O
the	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
III	O
chipsets	O
to	O
include	O
the	O
highly	O
confidential	O
HDCP	B-Protocol
keys	O
and	O
state	O
machines	O
to	O
encrypt	O
the	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
embedded	O
control	O
channel	O
in	O
the	O
FPD-Link	B-Protocol
III	O
chipsets	O
simplifies	O
the	O
key	O
exchange	O
protocols	O
between	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
destinations	O
that	O
verify	O
the	O
destination	O
is	O
secure	O
.	O
</s>
