<s>
FORCEDENTRY	B-Application
,	O
also	O
capitalized	O
as	O
ForcedEntry	B-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
security	O
exploit	O
allegedly	O
developed	O
by	O
NSO	O
Group	O
to	O
deploy	O
their	O
Pegasus	B-Application
spyware	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
enables	O
the	O
"	O
zero-click	O
"	O
exploit	O
that	O
is	O
prevalent	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
13	I-Operating_System
and	O
below	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
compromises	O
recent	O
safeguards	O
set	O
by	O
Apple	O
's	O
"	O
BlastDoor	O
"	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
14	I-Operating_System
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FORCEDENTRY	B-Application
appears	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
attack	O
previously	O
detected	O
and	O
named	O
"	O
Megalodon	O
"	O
by	O
Amnesty	O
International	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
exploit	O
uses	O
PDF	B-Application
files	I-Application
disguised	O
as	O
GIF	O
files	O
to	O
inject	O
JBIG2-encoded	O
data	O
to	O
provoke	O
an	O
integer	B-Error_Name
overflow	I-Error_Name
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
CoreGraphics	B-Operating_System
system	O
,	O
circumventing	O
Apple	O
's	O
"	O
BlastDoor	O
"	O
sandbox	O
for	O
message	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlastDoor	O
was	O
introduced	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
14	I-Operating_System
to	O
defend	O
against	O
KISMET	B-Protocol
,	O
another	O
zero-click	O
exploit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FORCEDENTRY	B-Application
exploit	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
the	O
CVE	O
identifier	O
CVE-2021-30860	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2021	O
,	O
Google	O
's	O
Project	B-Application
Zero	I-Application
team	O
published	O
a	O
technical	O
breakdown	O
of	O
the	O
exploit	O
based	O
on	O
its	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Apple	O
’s	O
Security	O
Engineering	O
and	O
Architecture	O
(	O
SEAR	O
)	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
exploit	O
was	O
described	O
by	O
Project	B-Application
Zero	I-Application
team	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
JBIG2	B-Algorithm
does	O
n't	O
have	O
scripting	B-Language
capabilities	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
emulate	O
circuits	O
of	O
arbitrary	O
logic	O
gates	O
operating	O
on	O
arbitrary	O
memory	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
why	O
not	O
just	O
use	O
that	O
to	O
build	O
your	O
own	O
computer	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
and	O
script	O
that	O
!	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
over	O
70,000	O
segment	O
commands	O
defining	O
logical	O
bit	O
operations	O
,	O
they	O
define	O
a	O
small	O
computer	B-General_Concept
architecture	I-General_Concept
with	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
registers	B-General_Concept
and	O
a	O
full	O
64-bit	O
adder	O
and	O
comparator	O
which	O
they	O
use	O
to	O
search	O
memory	B-General_Concept
and	O
perform	O
arithmetic	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
not	O
as	O
fast	O
as	O
Javascript	B-Language
,	O
but	O
it	O
's	O
fundamentally	O
computationally	O
equivalent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bootstrapping	O
operations	O
for	O
the	O
sandbox	O
escape	O
exploit	O
are	O
written	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
this	O
logic	O
circuit	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
thing	O
runs	O
in	O
this	O
weird	O
,	O
emulated	O
environment	O
created	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
decompression	O
pass	O
through	O
a	O
JBIG2	B-Algorithm
stream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Citizen	O
Lab	O
,	O
the	O
FORCEDENTRY	B-Application
vulnerability	O
exists	O
in	O
iOS	B-Application
versions	O
prior	O
to	O
14.8	O
,	O
macOS	B-Application
versions	O
prior	O
to	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Big	I-Operating_System
Sur	I-Operating_System
11.6	O
and	O
Security	O
Update	O
2021-005	O
Catalina	O
,	O
and	O
watchOS	B-Device
versions	O
prior	O
to	O
7.6.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2021	O
,	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
filed	O
a	O
complaint	O
against	O
NSO	O
Group	O
and	O
its	O
parent	O
company	O
Q	O
Cyber	O
Technologies	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
District	O
Court	O
for	O
the	O
Northern	O
District	O
of	O
California	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
FORCEDENTRY	B-Application
,	O
requesting	O
injunctive	O
relief	O
,	O
compensatory	O
damages	O
,	O
punitive	O
damages	O
,	O
and	O
disgorgement	O
of	O
profits	O
.	O
</s>
