<s>
FFV1	B-Algorithm
(	O
short	O
for	O
FF	O
Video	O
1	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
lossless	O
intra-frame	B-General_Concept
video	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
format	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
use	O
either	O
variable-length	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
or	O
arithmetic	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
for	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
encoder	O
and	O
decoder	O
are	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
free	O
,	O
open-source	O
library	O
libavcodec	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
since	O
June	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FFV1	B-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
included	O
in	O
ffdshow	B-Language
and	O
LAV	O
Filters	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
the	O
video	O
codec	O
available	O
to	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
applications	O
that	O
support	O
system-wide	O
codecs	O
over	O
Video	B-Device
for	I-Device
Windows	I-Device
(	O
VfW	O
)	O
or	O
DirectShow	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
FFV1	B-Algorithm
is	O
particularly	O
popular	O
for	O
its	O
performance	O
regarding	O
speed	O
and	O
size	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
lossless	O
preservation	O
codecs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
M-JPEG2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
European	O
Broadcasting	O
Union	O
(	O
EBU	O
)	O
lists	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
under	O
the	O
codec-family	O
index	O
"	O
31	O
"	O
in	O
their	O
combined	O
list	O
of	O
video	O
codec	O
references	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FFV1	B-Algorithm
proved	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
viable	O
archival	O
encoding	O
and	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
began	O
regarding	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
suitable	O
option	O
for	O
preservation	O
encoding	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2018	O
,	O
standardisation	O
of	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
through	O
the	O
Internet	O
Engineering	O
Task	O
Force	O
(	O
IETF	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
work	O
in	O
progress	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
PREFORMA	O
Project	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
conformance	O
checker	O
for	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
Matroska	O
container	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Details	O
of	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
's	O
standardization	O
plan	O
have	O
been	O
prepared	O
by	O
MediaArea	B-Language
(	O
authors	O
of	O
MediaInfo	B-Language
)	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
conformance	O
checking	O
tool	O
"	O
Media	O
CONCH	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Society	O
of	O
American	O
Archivists	O
has	O
published	O
a	O
paper	O
in	O
August	O
2014	O
,	O
suggesting	O
only	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
as	O
preservation	O
codec	O
for	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Digital	O
Preservation	O
project	O
at	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Library	O
of	O
Congress	O
identified	O
AVI	O
and	O
Matroska	O
as	O
common	O
container	O
formats	O
for	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
Flemish	O
Institute	O
for	O
Archives	O
announced	O
in	O
June	O
2020	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
start	O
a	O
major	O
operation	O
transcoding	O
and	O
rewrapping	O
their	O
MXF	O
wrapped	O
JPEG2000	O
files	O
resulting	O
from	O
digitisation	O
projects	O
for	O
the	O
cultural	O
heritage	O
sector	O
material	O
to	O
MKV	O
wrapped	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
they	O
had	O
already	O
announced	O
that	O
MKV-FFV1	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
mezzanine	O
format	O
of	O
their	O
migration	O
project	O
for	O
DV	O
,	O
DVCAM	O
and	O
DVCPRO	O
cassettes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
Österreichische	O
Mediathek	O
"	O
has	O
also	O
developed	O
DVA-Profession	O
a	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
solution	O
for	O
archive-suitable	O
mass	O
video	O
digitization	O
,	O
mainly	O
using	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
as	O
video	O
encoding	O
throughout	O
the	O
whole	O
workflow	O
,	O
without	O
transcoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
initiated	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
"	O
FFV1.3	O
"	O
(=	O
version	O
3	O
of	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
)	O
together	O
with	O
Michael	O
Niedermayer	O
(	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
)	O
,	O
Peter	O
Bubestinger	O
and	O
Dave	O
Rice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FFV1.3	O
contains	O
improvements	O
and	O
new	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
support	O
for	O
multi-threaded	O
encoding/decoding	O
,	O
error	O
resilience	O
and	O
integrity	O
validation	O
by	O
CRC	O
checksums	O
,	O
storing	O
of	O
display	O
aspect	O
ratio	O
(	O
DAR	O
)	O
and	O
field	O
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
that	O
,	O
16bpc	O
in	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
were	O
only	O
supported	O
in	O
YCbCr	O
and	O
RGB	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
14bpc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
the	O
video	O
archiving	O
domain	O
,	O
the	O
interest	O
in	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
is	O
increasing	O
,	O
as	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
a	O
thread	O
on	O
the	O
AMIA-L	O
mailing	O
list	O
,	O
the	O
PrestoCentre	O
Forum	O
or	O
the	O
Archivematica	O
mailing	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Companies	O
are	O
also	O
picking	O
up	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
NOA	O
(	O
formerly	O
"	O
NOA	O
Audio	O
Solutions	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
announced	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
in	O
their	O
product	O
line	O
in	O
July	O
2013	O
and	O
KEM-Studiotechnik	O
released	O
a	O
film-scanner	O
with	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
output	O
in	O
November	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
possible	O
use	O
and	O
adoption	O
of	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
as	O
an	O
archiving	O
codec	O
was	O
addressed	O
in	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
PrestoCentre	O
's	O
AV	O
Insider	O
magazine	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
International	O
Federation	O
of	O
Television	O
Archives	O
(	O
FIAT/IFTA	O
)	O
mentioned	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
explicitly	O
in	O
their	O
call-for-presentations	O
for	O
their	O
annual	O
World	O
Conference	O
,	O
asking	O
"	O
Is	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
the	O
new	O
JPEG2000	O
"	O
?	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
workshop	O
titled	O
"	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
for	O
Preservation	O
"	O
is	O
also	O
featured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
applications	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
read	O
and/or	O
write	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
video	O
files	O
,	O
either	O
natively	O
or	O
by	O
installing	O
codec	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
built-in	O
"	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
application	O
can	O
handle	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
without	O
the	O
necessity	O
to	O
install	O
additional	O
codec	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
that	O
come	O
with	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
support	O
out	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
the	I-General_Concept
box	I-General_Concept
,	O
usually	O
use	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
's	O
or	O
Libav	B-Language
's	O
libraries	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FFV1	B-Algorithm
is	O
not	O
strictly	O
an	O
intra-frame	B-General_Concept
format	O
;	O
despite	O
not	O
using	O
inter-frame	O
prediction	O
,	O
it	O
allows	O
the	O
context	O
model	O
to	O
adapt	O
over	O
multiple	O
frames	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
compression	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
very	O
large	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
context	O
table	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
disabled	O
to	O
force	O
the	O
encoder	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
strictly	O
intra-frame	B-General_Concept
bitstream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
gained	O
compression	O
seems	O
to	O
decrease	O
with	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
(	O
version	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
GOP	O
size	O
greater	O
than	O
"	O
1	O
"	O
might	O
disappear	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
prediction	O
in	O
encoding	O
and	O
decoding	O
is	O
managed	O
using	O
a	O
ring	B-Data_Structure
buffer	I-Data_Structure
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
residuals	O
are	O
coded	O
using	O
either	O
variable-length	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
or	O
arithmetic	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
arithmetic	B-Algorithm
coding	I-Algorithm
,	O
each	O
"	O
context	O
"	O
actually	O
has	O
32	O
sub-contexts	O
used	O
for	O
various	O
portions	O
of	O
coding	O
each	O
residual	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
grand	O
total	O
of	O
242,016	O
contexts	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
large	O
"	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
experimental	O
versions	O
of	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
used	O
the	O
CABAC	O
Arithmetic	B-Algorithm
coder	I-Algorithm
from	O
H.264	O
,	O
but	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
uncertain	O
patent/royalty	O
situation	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
slightly	O
worse	O
performance	O
,	O
CABAC	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
Range	B-Algorithm
encoding	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
16	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
a	O
commit-message	O
by	O
Michael	O
Niedermayer	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
bitstream	O
of	O
FFV1	B-Algorithm
(	O
version	O
1	O
)	O
is	O
frozen	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
still	O
no	O
any	O
VFW	O
multithreaded	O
encoder	O
of	O
FFV1.3	O
for	O
Windows	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FFdshow	B-Language
can	O
encode	O
only	O
FFV1.1	O
stream	O
with	O
single	O
CPU	O
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improvements	O
beyond	O
FFV1.3	O
are	O
work	O
in	O
progress	O
and	O
being	O
discussed	O
on	O
the	O
IETF	O
"	O
CELLAR	O
"	O
mailing	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Planned	O
are	O
additional	O
support	O
for	O
color-handling	O
,	O
especially	O
non-linear/logarithmic	O
color	B-Algorithm
spaces	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
