<s>
ExpressCard	B-Device
,	O
initially	O
called	O
NEWCARD	B-Device
,	O
is	O
an	O
interface	O
to	O
connect	O
peripheral	O
devices	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
usually	O
a	O
laptop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
technical	O
standard	O
specifies	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
slots	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
computer	O
and	O
of	O
expansion	B-Device
cards	I-Device
to	O
insert	O
in	O
the	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
standard	O
replaces	O
the	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
)	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ExpressCards	B-Device
can	O
connect	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
devices	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
including	O
mobile	B-Device
broadband	I-Device
modems	I-Device
(	O
sometimes	O
called	O
connect	B-Device
cards	I-Device
)	O
,	O
IEEE	B-Protocol
1394	I-Protocol
(	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
)	O
connectors	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
connectors	O
,	O
Ethernet	O
network	O
ports	O
,	O
Serial	O
ATA	O
storage	O
devices	O
,	O
solid-state	B-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
external	O
enclosures	O
for	O
desktop-size	O
PCI	O
Express	O
graphics	B-Device
cards	I-Device
and	O
other	O
peripheral	O
devices	O
,	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
interface	I-General_Concept
controllers	I-General_Concept
(	O
NIC	O
)	O
,	O
TV	B-Device
tuner	I-Device
cards	I-Device
,	O
Common	O
Access	O
Card	O
(	O
CAC	O
)	O
readers	O
,	O
and	O
sound	B-Device
cards	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Personal	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
Memory	I-Device
Card	I-Device
International	I-Device
Association	I-Device
(	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
standard	O
is	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
Implementers	O
Forum	O
(	O
USB-IF	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
host	O
device	O
supports	O
PCI	O
Express	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	I-Protocol
(	O
including	O
Hi-Speed	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
(	O
SuperSpeed	O
)	O
(	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
2.0	O
only	O
)	O
connectivity	O
through	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
;	O
cards	O
can	O
be	O
designed	O
to	O
use	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cards	O
are	O
hot-pluggable	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
standard	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
by	O
ITU-T	O
definition	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
USB-IF	O
website	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB-IF	O
administers	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
Compliance	O
Program	O
,	O
under	O
which	O
companies	O
earn	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
license	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
logo	O
on	O
their	O
compliant	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
standard	O
specifies	O
two	O
form	O
factors	O
,	O
ExpressCard/34	B-Device
(	O
wide	O
)	O
and	O
ExpressCard/54	B-Device
(	O
wide	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
L-shape	O
)	O
—	O
the	O
connector	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
on	O
both	O
(	O
34mm	O
wide	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
its	O
75mm	O
standard	O
length	O
,	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
will	O
protrude	O
5mm	O
over	O
the	O
holder	O
's	O
surface	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
laptop	B-Device
surface	O
)	O
,	O
whereas	O
a	O
variant	O
with	O
70mm	O
length	O
remains	O
level	O
with	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
older	O
PC	B-Architecture
Cards	I-Architecture
came	O
in	O
16-bit	O
and	O
the	O
later	O
32-bit	O
CardBus	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
major	O
benefit	O
of	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
over	O
the	O
PC	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
is	O
more	O
bandwidth	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
's	O
direct	O
connection	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
bus	O
over	O
a	O
PCI	O
Express	O
×1	O
lane	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	I-Protocol
,	O
while	O
CardBus	O
cards	O
only	O
interface	O
with	O
PCI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
has	O
a	O
maximum	O
throughput	O
of	O
2.5Gbit/s	O
through	O
PCI	O
Express	O
and	O
480Mbit/s	O
through	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	I-Protocol
dedicated	O
for	O
each	O
slot	O
,	O
while	O
all	O
CardBus	O
and	O
PCI	O
devices	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
usually	O
share	O
a	O
total	O
1.06Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
standard	O
specifies	O
voltages	O
of	O
either	O
1.5V	O
or	O
3.3V	O
;	O
CardBus	O
slots	O
can	O
use	O
3.3V	O
or	O
5.0V	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
FAQ	O
claims	O
lower	O
cost	O
,	O
better	O
scalability	O
,	O
and	O
better	O
integration	O
with	O
motherboard	O
chipset	O
technology	O
than	O
Cardbus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
devices	O
can	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
an	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
via	O
an	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
was	O
introduced	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
other	O
way	O
to	O
connect	O
peripherals	O
to	O
a	O
laptop	B-Device
computer	I-Device
was	O
via	O
RS-232	O
and	O
parallel	B-Device
ports	I-Device
of	O
limited	O
performance	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
was	O
widely	O
adopted	O
for	O
many	O
peripherals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recently	O
,	O
virtually	O
all	O
laptop	B-Device
equipment	O
has	O
480Mbit/s	O
Hi-Speed	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	I-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
most	O
types	O
of	O
peripheral	O
which	O
formerly	O
used	O
a	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
connection	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
USB	B-Protocol
or	O
are	O
built-in	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
less	O
necessary	O
than	O
the	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
was	O
in	O
its	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
laptop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
do	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
was	O
commonly	O
included	O
on	O
high-end	O
laptops	B-Device
from	O
the	O
mid	O
2000s	O
to	O
the	O
early	O
2010s	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Hewlett-Packard	O
began	O
shipping	O
systems	O
with	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
in	O
November	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
integrated	O
the	O
slot	O
into	O
their	O
flagship	O
ThinkPad	B-Operating_System
T43	O
in	O
May	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dell	O
Computer	O
also	O
incorporates	O
this	O
in	O
their	O
Precision	O
(	O
the	O
17in	O
models	O
have	O
them	O
exclusively	O
,	O
the	O
15in	O
Precisions	O
have	O
both	O
express	B-Device
card	I-Device
and	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
slots	O
)	O
,	O
Inspiron	O
,	O
Latitude	O
(	O
Latitude	O
D-series	O
have	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
D820/D830	O
have	O
both	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
and	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Latitude	O
E-Series	O
6000	O
have	O
ExpressCard|54	O
slots	O
)	O
,	O
Studio	O
,	O
Vostro	O
and	O
XPS	O
Laptop	B-Device
product	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fujitsu-Siemens	O
began	O
shipping	O
systems	O
with	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
in	O
mid-2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
included	O
single	O
ExpressCard/34	B-Device
slots	O
in	O
every	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
notebook	B-Device
computer	I-Device
from	O
January	O
2006	O
through	O
June	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
June	O
8	O
,	O
2009	O
Apple	O
Worldwide	O
Developers	O
Conference	O
the	O
company	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
15-inch	O
and	O
13-inch	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
models	O
would	O
replace	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
with	O
a	O
Secure	B-Device
Digital	I-Device
card	I-Device
slot	O
,	O
while	O
retaining	O
the	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
on	O
the	O
17-inch	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2012	O
Apple	O
discontinued	O
the	O
17-inch	O
model	O
and	O
no	O
further	O
Macbooks	O
have	O
offered	O
an	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
ASUS	O
had	O
also	O
replaced	O
the	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
slot	O
with	O
an	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
on	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
new	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
also	O
began	O
shipping	O
systems	O
with	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
with	O
its	O
new	O
laptop	B-Device
VGN-C	O
,	O
VGN-SZ	O
,	O
VGN-NS	O
,	O
VPC	O
and	O
FW	O
product	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Acer	B-Device
Aspire	I-Device
laptop	B-Device
series	O
also	O
had	O
a	O
single	O
ExpressCard/54	B-Device
slot	O
on	O
most	O
new	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Panasonic	O
incorporated	O
ExpressCard/54	B-Device
slots	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
fully	O
rugged	O
and	O
semi-rugged	O
models	O
of	O
their	O
Toughbook	B-Operating_System
brand	O
of	O
laptop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Gateway	O
notebooks	B-Device
(	O
ML3109	O
and	O
later	O
)	O
also	O
shipped	O
with	O
ExpressCard/54	B-Device
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
Eurocom	O
notebooks	B-Device
Panther	O
3.0	O
,	O
Panther	O
2.0	O
shipped	O
with	O
ExpressCard/34	B-Device
while	O
the	O
Leopard	O
2.0	O
ships	O
with	O
ExpressCard/34/54	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
models	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Panther	O
,	O
Leopard	O
,	O
Xcaliber	O
,	O
Montebello	O
also	O
supported	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
interfaces	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overam	O
integrates	O
an	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slot	O
in	O
its	O
Mirage	O
7283	O
and	O
9570	O
laptops	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
backward	O
compatibility	O
,	O
some	O
laptop	B-Device
manufacturers	O
initially	O
released	O
models	O
incorporating	O
both	O
CardBus	O
(	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
,	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
)	O
and	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
included	O
certain	O
models	O
of	O
Acer	B-Device
Aspire	I-Device
,	O
Acer	B-Device
Extensa	I-Device
,	O
Toshiba	B-Device
Satellite	I-Device
,	O
Dell	B-Operating_System
Latitude	I-Operating_System
and	O
Precision	O
,	O
MSI	O
S42x	O
and	O
Lenovo	B-Operating_System
ThinkPad	I-Operating_System
Z60m	O
,	O
R52	O
,	O
T60	O
,	O
R61	O
and	O
T61	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2005	O
,	O
the	O
Personal	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
Memory	I-Device
Card	I-Device
International	I-Device
Association	I-Device
(	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
)	O
showed	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
products	O
at	O
the	O
CeBIT	O
trade	O
show	O
in	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
devices	O
were	O
presented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
Belkin	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
launching	O
the	O
first	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
docking	B-Device
station	I-Device
,	O
which	O
uses	O
the	O
PCIe	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
connection	O
to	O
enable	O
1600x1200	O
video	O
and	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
part	O
to	O
provide	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
audio	O
and	O
network	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
points	O
to	O
the	O
ability	O
for	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
to	O
allow	O
more	O
capable	O
non-OEM	O
docking	B-Device
stations	I-Device
for	O
laptop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Sony	O
introduced	O
its	O
Vaio	O
TZ	O
model	O
,	O
which	O
incorporates	O
ExpressCards	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
the	O
Sony	O
Vaio	O
FZ	O
and	O
Vaio	O
Z	O
series	O
have	O
the	O
ExpressCard/34	B-Device
Slot	O
integrated	O
in	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
also	O
uses	O
the	O
ExpressCard/34	B-Device
form	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
flash	O
memory	O
modules	O
in	O
its	O
XDCAM	O
EX/SxS	O
based	O
camcorders	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
copying	O
of	O
video	O
data	O
between	O
these	O
cameras	O
and	O
ExpressCard-equipped	O
laptops	B-Device
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
Sony	O
also	O
offers	O
a	O
USB-based	O
SxS	B-Device
reader	O
for	O
desktop	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Toshiba	B-Device
Satellite	I-Device
P	O
and	O
X	O
200/205	O
series	O
of	O
laptops	B-Device
and	O
desktop	O
replacements	O
have	O
an	O
ExpressCard/34	B-Device
slot	O
since	O
April	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ever	O
since	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
disbanded	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
newer	O
laptops	B-Device
from	O
2010	O
on	O
more	O
commonly	O
do	O
not	O
include	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
slots	O
except	O
for	O
some	O
business-oriented	O
models	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
WWAN	O
connectivity	O
cards	O
,	O
either	O
mini-PCIe	O
slots	O
or	O
USB	B-Protocol
connected	O
variants	O
have	O
become	O
the	O
preferred	O
connection	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
external	O
desktop	O
graphics	B-Device
card	I-Device
enclosures	O
and	O
other	O
peripherals	O
that	O
interface	O
with	O
PCI	O
Express	O
,	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
has	O
supplanted	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
in	O
that	O
role	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
faster	O
speed	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
use	O
multiple	O
PCIe	O
2.0	O
lanes	O
;	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
second	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
revisions	O
offered	O
20Gbit/s	O
of	O
maximum	O
bandwidth	O
with	O
four	O
PCIe	O
2.0	O
lanes	O
while	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
could	O
only	O
muster	O
5Gbit/s	O
maximum	O
with	O
one	O
PCIe	O
2.0	O
lane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
2.0	O
standard	O
was	O
introduced	O
on	O
March	O
4	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
at	O
CeBIT	O
in	O
Hannover	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
a	O
single	O
PCIe	O
1.0	O
2.5	O
GT/s	O
lane	O
(	O
optionally	O
PCIe	O
2.0	O
with	O
5	O
GT/s	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
"	O
SuperSpeed	O
"	O
link	O
with	O
a	O
raw	O
transfer	B-Device
speed	I-Device
of	O
5Gbit/s	O
(	O
effective	O
transfer	B-Device
speed	I-Device
up	O
to	O
400MB/s	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
forward	O
and	O
backward	O
compatible	O
with	O
earlier	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
modules	O
and	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
SuperSpeed	O
compatibility	O
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
sharing	O
the	O
pins	O
with	O
the	O
PCIe	O
link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
dissolution	O
of	O
the	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
in	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
specification	O
,	O
associated	O
documentation	O
and	O
licensing	O
responsibilities	O
were	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
Implementers	O
Forum	O
.	O
</s>
