<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
,	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
discovering	O
patterns	O
in	O
large	O
data	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
,	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
for	O
3x3-chess	O
)	O
with	O
any	O
beginning	O
configuration	O
,	O
small-board	O
dots-and-boxes	O
,	O
small-board-hex	O
,	O
and	O
certain	O
endgames	O
in	O
chess	B-Application
,	O
dots-and-boxes	O
,	O
and	O
hex	O
;	O
a	O
new	O
area	O
for	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
has	O
been	O
opened	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
John	O
Nunn	O
(	O
in	O
chess	B-Application
endgames	O
)	O
are	O
notable	O
examples	O
of	O
researchers	O
doing	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
though	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
–	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
–	O
involved	O
in	O
tablebase	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
business	O
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
is	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
historical	O
business	O
activities	O
,	O
stored	O
as	O
static	O
data	O
in	O
data	O
warehouse	O
databases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
software	O
uses	O
advanced	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
algorithms	O
to	O
sift	O
through	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
discovering	O
previously	O
unknown	O
strategic	O
business	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
what	O
businesses	O
use	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
for	O
is	O
to	O
include	O
performing	O
market	O
analysis	O
to	O
identify	O
new	O
product	O
bundles	O
,	O
finding	O
the	O
root	O
cause	O
of	O
manufacturing	O
problems	O
,	O
to	O
prevent	O
customer	O
attrition	O
and	O
acquire	O
new	O
customers	O
,	O
cross-selling	O
to	O
existing	O
customers	O
,	O
and	O
profiling	O
customers	O
with	O
more	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
information	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
centralized	O
database	O
,	O
but	O
would	O
be	O
useless	O
without	O
some	O
type	O
of	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
software	O
to	O
analyze	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
Walmart	O
analyzed	O
their	O
point-of-sale	O
data	O
with	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
techniques	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
determine	O
sales	O
trends	O
,	O
develop	O
marketing	O
campaigns	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
accurately	O
predict	O
customer	O
loyalty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Item	O
categorization	O
can	O
be	O
formulated	O
as	O
a	O
supervised	O
classification	O
problem	O
in	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
where	O
the	O
categories	O
are	O
the	O
target	O
classes	O
and	O
the	O
features	O
are	O
the	O
words	O
composing	O
some	O
textual	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
in	O
customer	O
relationship	O
management	O
applications	O
can	O
contribute	O
significantly	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
the	O
results	O
from	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
(	O
potential	O
prospect/customer	O
and	O
channel/offer	O
)	O
are	O
determined	O
,	O
this	O
"	O
sophisticated	O
application	O
"	O
can	O
either	O
automatically	O
send	O
an	O
e-mail	O
or	O
a	O
regular	O
mail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Algorithm
clustering	I-Algorithm
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
automatically	O
discover	O
the	O
segments	O
or	O
groups	O
within	O
a	O
customer	O
data	B-General_Concept
set	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Businesses	O
employing	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
may	O
see	O
a	O
return	O
on	O
investment	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
they	O
recognize	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
predictive	O
models	O
can	O
quickly	O
become	O
very	O
large	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
situations	O
where	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
models	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
maintained	O
,	O
some	O
businesses	O
turn	O
to	O
more	O
automated	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methodologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
can	O
be	O
helpful	O
to	O
human	O
resources	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
departments	O
in	O
identifying	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
their	O
most	O
successful	O
employees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
is	O
a	O
highly	O
effective	O
tool	O
in	O
the	O
catalog	O
marketing	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
tools	O
can	O
identify	O
patterns	O
among	O
customers	O
and	O
help	O
identify	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
customers	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
upcoming	O
mailing	O
campaigns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
for	O
business	O
applications	O
can	O
be	O
integrated	O
into	O
a	O
complex	O
modeling	O
and	O
decision	O
making	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LIONsolver	B-Application
uses	O
Reactive	B-Application
business	I-Application
intelligence	I-Application
(	O
RBI	O
)	O
to	O
advocate	O
a	O
"	O
holistic	O
"	O
approach	O
that	O
integrates	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
,	O
modeling	O
,	O
and	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
visualization	I-General_Concept
into	O
an	O
end-to-end	O
discovery	O
and	O
continuous	O
innovation	O
process	O
powered	O
by	O
human	O
and	O
automated	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
relation	O
between	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
a	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
system	I-Application
and	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
investment	O
that	O
the	O
decision	O
maker	O
is	O
willing	O
to	O
make	O
was	O
formalized	O
by	O
providing	O
an	O
economic	O
perspective	O
on	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
“	O
extracted	O
knowledge	O
”	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
payoff	O
to	O
the	O
organization	O
This	O
decision-theoretic	O
classification	O
framework	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
real-world	O
semiconductor	O
wafer	O
manufacturing	O
line	O
,	O
where	O
decision	O
rules	O
for	O
effectively	O
monitoring	O
and	O
controlling	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
wafer	O
fabrication	O
line	O
were	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
related	O
to	O
an	O
integrated-circuit	O
(	O
IC	O
)	O
production	O
line	O
is	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
"	O
Mining	O
IC	O
Test	O
Data	O
to	O
Optimize	O
VLSI	O
Testing.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
and	O
decision	O
analysis	O
to	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
die-level	O
functional	O
testing	O
is	O
described	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
examples	O
of	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methodologies	O
in	O
semiconductor	O
manufacturing	O
environments	O
suggest	O
that	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methodologies	O
may	O
be	O
particularly	O
useful	O
when	O
data	O
is	O
scarce	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
various	O
physical	O
and	O
chemical	O
parameters	O
that	O
affect	O
the	O
process	O
exhibit	O
highly	O
complex	O
interactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
implication	O
is	O
that	O
on-line	O
monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
semiconductor	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
using	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
may	O
be	O
highly	O
effective	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
widely	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
science	O
and	O
engineering	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
bioinformatics	O
,	O
genetics	O
,	O
medicine	O
,	O
education	B-Algorithm
and	O
electrical	O
power	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
human	O
genetics	O
,	O
sequence	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
helps	O
address	O
the	O
important	O
goal	O
of	O
understanding	O
the	O
mapping	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
inter-individual	O
variations	O
in	O
human	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
and	O
the	O
variability	O
in	O
disease	O
susceptibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
method	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
perform	O
this	O
task	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
multifactor	B-Algorithm
dimensionality	I-Algorithm
reduction	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
electrical	O
power	O
engineering	O
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methods	O
have	O
been	O
widely	O
used	O
for	O
condition	O
monitoring	O
of	O
high	O
voltage	O
electrical	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Algorithm
clustering	I-Algorithm
techniques	O
–	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
self-organizing	B-Algorithm
map	I-Algorithm
(	O
SOM	O
)	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
applied	O
to	O
vibration	O
monitoring	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
transformer	O
on-load	O
tap-changers	O
(	O
OLTCS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methods	O
have	O
been	O
applied	O
to	O
dissolved	O
gas	O
analysis	O
(	O
DGA	O
)	O
in	O
power	O
transformers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
educational	O
research	O
,	O
where	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
factors	O
leading	O
students	O
to	O
choose	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
behaviors	O
which	O
reduce	O
their	O
learning	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
understand	O
factors	O
influencing	O
university	O
student	O
retention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
similar	O
example	O
of	O
social	O
application	O
of	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
is	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
expertise	O
finding	O
systems	O
,	O
whereby	O
descriptors	O
of	O
human	O
expertise	O
are	O
extracted	O
,	O
normalized	O
,	O
and	O
classified	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
finding	O
of	O
experts	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
scientific	O
and	O
technical	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
can	O
facilitate	O
institutional	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methods	O
of	O
biomedical	O
data	O
facilitated	O
by	O
domain	O
ontologies	B-Language
,	O
mining	O
clinical	O
trial	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
traffic	O
analysis	O
using	O
SOM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
adverse	O
drug	O
reaction	O
surveillance	O
,	O
the	O
Uppsala	O
Monitoring	O
Centre	O
has	O
,	O
since	O
1998	O
,	O
used	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methods	O
to	O
routinely	O
screen	O
for	O
reporting	O
patterns	O
indicative	O
of	O
emerging	O
drug	O
safety	O
issues	O
in	O
the	O
WHO	O
global	O
database	O
of	O
4.6million	O
suspected	O
adverse	O
drug	O
reaction	O
incidents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recently	O
,	O
similar	O
methodology	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
mine	O
large	O
collections	O
of	O
electronic	B-Application
health	I-Application
records	I-Application
for	O
temporal	O
patterns	O
associating	O
drug	O
prescriptions	O
to	O
medical	O
diagnoses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
has	O
been	O
applied	O
to	O
software	O
artifacts	O
within	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
:	O
Mining	B-General_Concept
Software	I-General_Concept
Repositories	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
microbiology	O
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methods	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
predicting	O
population	O
behavior	O
of	O
bacteria	O
in	O
food	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
of	O
government	O
records	O
–	O
particularly	O
records	O
of	O
the	O
justice	O
system	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
courts	O
,	O
prisons	O
)	O
–	O
enables	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
systemic	O
human	O
rights	O
violations	O
in	O
connection	O
to	O
generation	O
and	O
publication	O
of	O
invalid	O
or	O
fraudulent	O
legal	O
records	O
by	O
various	O
government	O
agencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
machine	O
learning	O
algorithms	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
in	O
medical	O
field	O
as	O
second-opinion	O
diagnostic	B-Application
tools	I-Application
and	O
as	O
tools	O
for	O
the	O
knowledge	O
extraction	O
phase	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
knowledge	B-Application
discovery	I-Application
in	I-Application
databases	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
current	O
medical	O
field	O
that	O
utilizes	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
is	O
Metabolomics	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
investigation	O
and	O
study	O
of	O
biological	O
molecules	O
and	O
how	O
their	O
interaction	O
with	O
bodily	O
fluids	O
,	O
cells	O
,	O
tissues	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
has	O
allowed	O
this	O
relatively	O
new	O
field	O
of	O
medical	O
research	O
to	O
grow	O
considerably	O
within	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
likely	O
be	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
which	O
new	O
research	O
is	O
found	O
within	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
passage	O
of	O
the	O
Health	O
Information	O
Technology	O
for	O
Economic	O
and	O
Clinical	O
Health	O
Act	O
(	O
HITECH	O
Act	O
)	O
helped	O
to	O
initiate	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
electronic	B-Application
health	I-Application
record	I-Application
(	O
EHR	O
)	O
and	O
supporting	O
technology	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HITECH	O
Act	O
was	O
signed	O
into	O
law	O
on	O
February	O
17	O
,	O
2009	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
Recovery	O
and	O
Reinvestment	O
Act	O
(	O
ARRA	O
)	O
and	O
helped	O
to	O
open	O
the	O
door	O
to	O
medical	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
signing	O
of	O
this	O
law	O
,	O
estimates	O
of	O
only	O
20%	O
of	O
United	O
States-based	O
physicians	O
were	O
utilizing	O
electronic	B-Application
patient	I-Application
records	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Søren	O
Brunak	O
notes	O
that	O
“	O
the	O
patient	O
record	O
becomes	O
as	O
information-rich	O
as	O
possible	O
”	O
and	O
thereby	O
“	O
maximizes	O
the	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
opportunities.	O
”	O
Hence	O
,	O
electronic	B-Application
patient	I-Application
records	I-Application
further	O
expands	O
the	O
possibilities	O
regarding	O
medical	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
thereby	O
opening	O
the	O
door	O
to	O
a	O
vast	O
source	O
of	O
medical	O
data	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spatial	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
is	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methods	O
to	O
spatial	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
end	O
objective	O
of	O
spatial	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
is	O
to	O
find	O
patterns	O
in	O
data	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
geography	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
far	O
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
and	O
Geographic	B-Application
Information	I-Application
Systems	I-Application
(	O
GIS	B-Application
)	O
have	O
existed	O
as	O
two	O
separate	O
technologies	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
methods	O
,	O
traditions	O
,	O
and	O
approaches	O
to	O
visualization	O
and	O
data	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Particularly	O
,	O
most	O
contemporary	O
GIS	B-Application
have	O
only	O
very	O
basic	O
spatial	O
analysis	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
immense	O
explosion	O
in	O
geographically	O
referenced	O
data	O
occasioned	O
by	O
developments	O
in	O
IT	O
,	O
digital	O
mapping	O
,	O
remote	O
sensing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
global	O
diffusion	O
of	O
GIS	B-Application
emphasizes	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
developing	O
data-driven	O
inductive	O
approaches	O
to	O
geographical	O
analysis	O
and	O
modeling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
offers	O
great	O
potential	O
benefits	O
for	O
GIS-based	O
applied	O
decision-making	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
existing	O
GIS	B-Application
datasets	B-General_Concept
are	O
often	O
splintered	O
into	O
feature	O
and	O
attribute	O
components	O
that	O
are	O
conventionally	O
archived	O
in	O
hybrid	O
data	O
management	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
critical	O
research	O
challenges	O
in	O
geographic	O
knowledge	O
discovery	O
and	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Geographic	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
methods	O
should	O
recognize	O
more	O
complex	O
geographic	O
objects	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
lines	O
and	O
polygons	O
)	O
and	O
relationships	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
non-Euclidean	O
distances	O
,	O
direction	O
,	O
connectivity	O
,	O
and	O
interaction	O
through	O
attributed	O
geographic	O
space	O
such	O
as	O
terrain	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	B-Architecture
sensor	I-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
facilitating	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
data	O
for	O
spatial	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
air	O
pollution	O
monitoring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
measuring	O
the	O
spatial	O
correlation	O
between	O
data	O
sampled	O
by	O
different	O
sensors	O
,	O
a	O
wide	O
class	O
of	O
specialized	O
algorithms	O
can	O
be	O
developed	O
to	O
develop	O
more	O
efficient	O
spatial	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
turning	O
from	O
analog	O
into	O
digital	O
,	O
large	O
data	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
have	O
been	O
generated	O
,	O
collected	O
,	O
and	O
stored	O
discovering	O
statistical	O
patterns	O
,	O
trends	O
and	O
information	O
which	O
is	O
hidden	O
in	O
data	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
build	O
predictive	O
patterns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Studies	O
suggest	O
visual	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
is	O
faster	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
intuitive	O
than	O
is	O
traditional	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
also	O
Computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
techniques	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
particular	O
co-occurrence	O
analysis	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
discover	O
relevant	O
similarities	O
among	O
music	O
corpora	O
(	O
radio	O
lists	O
,	O
CD	O
databases	O
)	O
for	O
purposes	O
including	O
classifying	O
music	O
into	O
genres	O
in	O
a	O
more	O
objective	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
combating	O
terrorism	O
,	O
two	O
particularly	O
plausible	O
methods	O
of	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
are	O
"	O
pattern	O
mining	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
subject-based	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Pattern	O
mining	O
"	O
is	O
a	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
method	O
that	O
involves	O
finding	O
existing	O
patterns	O
in	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
context	O
patterns	O
often	O
means	O
association	B-Algorithm
rules	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
motivation	O
for	O
searching	O
association	B-Algorithm
rules	I-Algorithm
came	O
from	O
the	O
desire	O
to	O
analyze	O
supermarket	O
transaction	O
data	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
to	O
examine	O
customer	O
behavior	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
purchased	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
an	O
association	B-Algorithm
rule	I-Algorithm
"	O
beer	O
⇒	O
potato	O
chips	O
(	O
80%	O
)	O
"	O
states	O
that	O
four	O
out	O
of	O
five	O
customers	O
that	O
bought	O
beer	O
also	O
bought	O
potato	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
pattern	O
mining	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
identify	O
terrorist	O
activity	O
,	O
the	O
National	O
Research	O
Council	O
provides	O
the	O
following	O
definition	O
:	O
"	O
Pattern-based	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
looks	O
for	O
patterns	O
(	O
including	O
anomalous	O
data	O
patterns	O
)	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
terrorist	O
activity	O
—	O
these	O
patterns	O
might	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
small	O
signals	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
ocean	O
of	O
noise.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Pattern	O
Mining	O
includes	O
new	O
areas	O
such	O
a	O
Music	B-Application
Information	I-Application
Retrieval	I-Application
(	O
MIR	O
)	O
where	O
patterns	O
seen	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
temporal	O
and	O
non	O
temporal	O
domains	O
are	O
imported	O
to	O
classical	O
knowledge	O
discovery	O
search	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Subject-based	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
"	O
is	O
a	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
method	O
involving	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
associations	O
between	O
individuals	O
in	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
combating	O
terrorism	O
,	O
the	O
National	O
Research	O
Council	O
provides	O
the	O
following	O
definition	O
:	O
"	O
Subject-based	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
uses	O
an	O
initiating	O
individual	O
or	O
other	O
datum	O
that	O
is	O
considered	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
other	O
information	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
high	O
interest	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
determine	O
what	O
other	O
persons	O
or	O
financial	O
transactions	O
or	O
movements	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
that	O
initiating	O
datum.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Knowledge	O
discovery	O
"	O
On	O
the	O
Grid	O
"	O
generally	O
refers	O
to	O
conducting	O
knowledge	O
discovery	O
in	O
an	O
open	O
environment	O
using	O
grid	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
concepts	O
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
integrate	O
data	O
from	O
various	O
online	O
data	O
sources	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
remote	O
resources	O
,	O
for	O
executing	O
their	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
examples	O
include	O
work	O
conducted	O
by	O
researchers	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Calabria	O
,	O
who	O
developed	O
a	O
Knowledge	O
Grid	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
for	O
distributed	O
knowledge	O
discovery	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
grid	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
