<s>
Evolutionary	B-Algorithm
music	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
audio	O
counterpart	O
to	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
art	I-Algorithm
,	O
whereby	O
algorithmic	O
music	O
is	O
created	O
using	O
an	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
through	O
the	O
repeated	O
application	O
of	O
computational	O
steps	O
analogous	O
to	O
biological	O
selection	B-Application
,	O
recombination	O
and	O
mutation	O
the	O
aim	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
produced	O
audio	O
to	O
become	O
more	O
musical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Evolutionary	B-Algorithm
music	I-Algorithm
is	O
typically	O
generated	O
using	O
an	O
interactive	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
where	O
the	O
fitness	O
function	O
is	O
the	O
user	O
or	O
audience	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
capture	O
the	O
aesthetic	O
qualities	O
of	O
music	O
computationally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
evolutionary	O
computation	O
techniques	O
are	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
and	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
programming	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEUROGEN	O
(	O
)	O
employed	O
a	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
to	O
produce	O
and	O
combine	O
musical	O
fragments	O
and	O
a	O
neural	O
network	O
(	O
trained	O
on	O
examples	O
of	O
"	O
real	O
"	O
music	O
)	O
to	O
evaluate	O
their	O
fitness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
a	O
key	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
improvisation	O
and	O
accompaniment	O
system	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
since	O
1993	O
by	O
Al	O
Biles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Genetic	B-Algorithm
programming	I-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
music	O
since	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
Lee	O
Spector	O
and	O
Alpern	O
Alpern	O
on	O
evolved	O
bebop	O
musicians	O
in	O
1994	O
and	O
1995	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
1997	O
Brad	O
Johanson	O
and	O
Riccardo	O
Poli	O
developed	O
the	O
which	O
used	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
programming	I-Algorithm
to	O
breed	O
melodies	O
according	O
to	O
both	O
human	O
and	O
automated	O
ratings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
1996	O
Rodney	O
Waschka	O
II	O
has	O
been	O
using	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
for	O
music	O
composition	O
including	O
works	O
such	O
as	O
Saint	O
Ambrose	O
and	O
his	O
string	O
quartets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
(	O
a	O
pun	B-Application
on	O
Eurovision	O
Song	O
Contest	O
)	O
was	O
held	O
at	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
a	O
small	O
Windows	B-Application
application	O
from	O
2005	O
for	O
evolving	O
simple	O
loops	O
of	O
"	O
beeps	O
and	O
boops	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
from	O
2006	O
uses	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
programming	I-Algorithm
to	O
evolve	O
compositions	O
in	O
an	O
L-system	B-Language
language	O
based	O
on	O
Holtzman	O
's	O
GCDL	O
human	O
composition	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DarwinTunes	B-Application
project	O
has	O
been	O
running	O
since	O
2009	O
(	O
and	O
before	O
that	O
as	O
"	O
Evolectronica	O
"	O
)	O
-	O
recently	O
a	O
multiplayer	O
game	O
version	O
of	O
DarwinTunes	B-Application
was	O
demonstrated	O
at	O
science	O
festivals	O
and	O
is	O
now	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Melomics	O
,	O
an	O
artificial	O
intelligence	O
group	O
based	O
in	O
Málaga	O
,	O
Spain	O
,	O
has	O
used	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
to	O
compose	O
full	O
pieces	O
of	O
music	O
in	O
specific	O
genres	O
,	O
creating	O
the	O
first	O
album	O
composed	O
by	O
a	O
computer	O
and	O
performed	O
by	O
human	O
musicians	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
music	O
is	O
then	O
exported	O
into	O
mp3	B-Application
,	O
MIDI	O
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
PDF	B-Application
for	O
application	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Art	O
of	O
Artificial	B-Algorithm
Evolution	I-Algorithm
:	O
A	O
Handbook	O
on	O
Evolutionary	B-Algorithm
Art	I-Algorithm
and	O
Music	O
,	O
Juan	O
Romero	O
and	O
Penousal	O
Machado	O
(	O
eds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
event	O
on	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
music	I-Algorithm
and	O
art	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
outlets	O
for	O
work	O
on	O
evolutionary	B-Algorithm
music	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
annual	O
Workshop	O
in	O
Evolutionary	B-Algorithm
Music	I-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
held	O
at	O
GECCO	O
(	O
Genetic	O
and	O
Evolutionary	O
Computation	O
Conference	O
)	O
since	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
